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The Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, founded in 1982 by Prof. Jiaxi Lu, is an international peer-reviewed journal published in English. It publishes original research works about the structure and property of matter, including but not limited to coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, catalysis, energy, nanomaterial, theory/computation, structural characterization, pharmacy and life science. Published monthly by Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS, in the form of Articles, Communications, Reviews, Perspectives, and News & Views. The journal is published twelve issues a year by Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS and is available online:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/chinese-journal-of-structural-chemistry
Contact information：
E-mail: cjsc@fjirsm.ac.cn; Tel: +86-591-63173769
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2025, 44(1): 100381
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100381
Abstract:
The ionic conductivity in high-performance solid-state electrolytes can reach 10-2 S cm-1 that is equivalent to the conductivity of liquid electrolytes, which has greatly promoted the vigorous development of quasi-solid-state batteries and all-solid-state batteries. Whether in polymer electrolytes, inorganic crystal electrolytes or composite solid electrolytes, the rapid transport mechanism of lithium-ion is the essential criterion used to guide high-performance solid electrolyte design. A comprehensive understanding of the rapid lithium-ion transport mechanism requires to focus on the structural characteristics of the material and developing relevant simulation methods to reveal the structure-activity relationship in rapid ion transport.
The ionic conductivity in high-performance solid-state electrolytes can reach 10-2 S cm-1 that is equivalent to the conductivity of liquid electrolytes, which has greatly promoted the vigorous development of quasi-solid-state batteries and all-solid-state batteries. Whether in polymer electrolytes, inorganic crystal electrolytes or composite solid electrolytes, the rapid transport mechanism of lithium-ion is the essential criterion used to guide high-performance solid electrolyte design. A comprehensive understanding of the rapid lithium-ion transport mechanism requires to focus on the structural characteristics of the material and developing relevant simulation methods to reveal the structure-activity relationship in rapid ion transport.
2025, 44(1): 100382
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100382
Abstract:
In conclusion, the development of IrVI-ado represents a major leap forward in PEM water electrolysis technology. By dramatically reducing the amount of iridium required while enhancing catalytic performance and stability, this innovation holds the potential to make H2 production via PEM electrolysis more economically viable and scalable. To transition this breakthrough from the laboratory to industrial applications, further research and development will be crucial, thereby paving the way for a more sustainable energy future.
In conclusion, the development of IrVI-ado represents a major leap forward in PEM water electrolysis technology. By dramatically reducing the amount of iridium required while enhancing catalytic performance and stability, this innovation holds the potential to make H2 production via PEM electrolysis more economically viable and scalable. To transition this breakthrough from the laboratory to industrial applications, further research and development will be crucial, thereby paving the way for a more sustainable energy future.
2025, 44(1): 100383
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100383
Abstract:
It is noteworthy that the work combined plasma discharge with electroreduction processes, resulting in the sustainable synthesis of NH2OH from ambient air and H2O. The proposed mechanism not only mitigates the energy consumption problem during NH2OH electrosynthesis but also reduces the emission of NOx. Furthermore, it provides an important scientific reference for the renewable electrosynthesis of NH2OH and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Nevertheless, the large-scale synthesis of HNO3 plasma continues to present significant challenges, including high energy consumption and low air conversion efficiency. In particular, the key to industrialisation is the further realisation of high-concentration HNO3, the advancement of the scale-up and low-cost preparation of catalytic electrodes, and the rational construction of the reactive electrostack.
It is noteworthy that the work combined plasma discharge with electroreduction processes, resulting in the sustainable synthesis of NH2OH from ambient air and H2O. The proposed mechanism not only mitigates the energy consumption problem during NH2OH electrosynthesis but also reduces the emission of NOx. Furthermore, it provides an important scientific reference for the renewable electrosynthesis of NH2OH and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Nevertheless, the large-scale synthesis of HNO3 plasma continues to present significant challenges, including high energy consumption and low air conversion efficiency. In particular, the key to industrialisation is the further realisation of high-concentration HNO3, the advancement of the scale-up and low-cost preparation of catalytic electrodes, and the rational construction of the reactive electrostack.
2025, 44(1): 100407
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100407
Abstract:
In conclusion, the electrochemical stability of Zn metal anodes in wide-pH electrolytes can be enhanced by the strategy of electrolyte engineering and electrode design. On the one hand, the optimization mechanism of electrolyte engineering can be considered as the manipulation of the chemical environment at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In particular, the amphipathic organics-based EDL and fluorinated polymer interphase can mitigate the wide range of pH and act as a protective layer, thus ensuring the highly reversible redox conversion of Zn anodes. On the other hand, the main guideline of electrode design consists in the growth of the zincophilic and hydrogen-inert sites, intending to successfully address the suboptimal utilization rate of the Zn metal over a wide pH range. Although the above electrolyte additives and electrode alloying strategies have shown significant results in improving the reversibility of deposition/stripping of Zn anode in wide pH aqueous electrolytes, however, there is still a lack of suitable modification strategies for the development of AZMBs with ultra-high energy densities, as well as a shortage of synergistic optimization of the cathode materials for wide pH aqueous electrolytes. In short, this work expounds on the optimization strategy of zinc-electrolytes and zinc-electrodes compatible with a wide range of pH, which might be an inspiration in the fields of practical Zn anodes for the state-of-art AZMBs.
In conclusion, the electrochemical stability of Zn metal anodes in wide-pH electrolytes can be enhanced by the strategy of electrolyte engineering and electrode design. On the one hand, the optimization mechanism of electrolyte engineering can be considered as the manipulation of the chemical environment at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In particular, the amphipathic organics-based EDL and fluorinated polymer interphase can mitigate the wide range of pH and act as a protective layer, thus ensuring the highly reversible redox conversion of Zn anodes. On the other hand, the main guideline of electrode design consists in the growth of the zincophilic and hydrogen-inert sites, intending to successfully address the suboptimal utilization rate of the Zn metal over a wide pH range. Although the above electrolyte additives and electrode alloying strategies have shown significant results in improving the reversibility of deposition/stripping of Zn anode in wide pH aqueous electrolytes, however, there is still a lack of suitable modification strategies for the development of AZMBs with ultra-high energy densities, as well as a shortage of synergistic optimization of the cathode materials for wide pH aqueous electrolytes. In short, this work expounds on the optimization strategy of zinc-electrolytes and zinc-electrodes compatible with a wide range of pH, which might be an inspiration in the fields of practical Zn anodes for the state-of-art AZMBs.
2025, 44(1): 100418
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100418
Abstract:
In summary, the reported work proposes Pd/Ni(OH)2 catalysts with rich Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces for low-potential HMFOR with ∼100% FDCA selectivity. At Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces, efficient HMFOR originates from the formation of abundant OH* and the decreased activation energy of C-H bonds. It is proved that the construction of metal-metal hydroxide interfaces is very effective for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecules. This work provides comprehensive theoretical insights for highly selective synthesis of high-value biomass-derived products at low potential through electrocatalytic oxidation technique.
In summary, the reported work proposes Pd/Ni(OH)2 catalysts with rich Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces for low-potential HMFOR with ∼100% FDCA selectivity. At Ni2+-O-Pd interfaces, efficient HMFOR originates from the formation of abundant OH* and the decreased activation energy of C-H bonds. It is proved that the construction of metal-metal hydroxide interfaces is very effective for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived platform molecules. This work provides comprehensive theoretical insights for highly selective synthesis of high-value biomass-derived products at low potential through electrocatalytic oxidation technique.
2025, 44(1): 100408
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100408
Abstract:
In this Perspectives, we discuss the role of electrocatalysts in improving the conversion reaction kinetics of conversion-type anodes and the strategies to enhance the effectiveness of electrocatalysts for alkali-ion batteries. Also, we provide suggestions for future research aspects of electrocatalysts for conversion-type anodes, which are regarding some of the challenging issues and possible solutions.
In this Perspectives, we discuss the role of electrocatalysts in improving the conversion reaction kinetics of conversion-type anodes and the strategies to enhance the effectiveness of electrocatalysts for alkali-ion batteries. Also, we provide suggestions for future research aspects of electrocatalysts for conversion-type anodes, which are regarding some of the challenging issues and possible solutions.
2025, 44(1): 100446
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100446
Abstract:
CsCdPO4 adopts a periodic 3D Cd-P-O anionic network at room temperature. As the temperature increases above 440 K, thermal vibrations induced torsion and deformation within the PO4 units are constrained by the 3D Cd-P-O network, which is critical for the unique periodic to incommensurately modulated long-range ordered phase transition.
CsCdPO4 adopts a periodic 3D Cd-P-O anionic network at room temperature. As the temperature increases above 440 K, thermal vibrations induced torsion and deformation within the PO4 units are constrained by the 3D Cd-P-O network, which is critical for the unique periodic to incommensurately modulated long-range ordered phase transition.
2025, 44(1): 100438
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100438
Abstract:
The industrially important selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to allyl alcohol is still challenging to realize using heterogenous hydrogenation catalysts. Supported Cu catalysts have shown moderate selectivity, yet low activity for the reaction, due to the electronic structure of Cu. By anchoring atomically dispersed Pd atoms onto the exposed Cu surface of Cu@CeO2, we report in this work that hydrogen spillover activates the inert metal-oxide interfaces of Cu@CeO2 into highly effective and selective catalytic sites for hydrogenation under mild reaction conditions. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity in the selective hydrogenation of acrolein than Cu@CeO2. Comprehensive studies revealed that atomically dispersed Pd species are critical for the activation and homolytic splitting of H2. The activated H atoms easily spill to the Cu-O-Ce interfaces as Cu-Hδ- and interfacial Ce-O-Hδ+ species, which makes the Cu-O-Ce interfaces as the active sites for the hydrogenation of polar C=O bonds. Moreover, the weak adsorption of allyl alcohol on the Pd and the Cu-O-Ce interfacial sites prevents deep hydrogenation, leading to selective hydrogenation of several α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Overall, we demonstrate here a synergic effect between single atom alloy and the support for activation of an inert metal-oxide interface into selective catalytic sites.
The industrially important selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to allyl alcohol is still challenging to realize using heterogenous hydrogenation catalysts. Supported Cu catalysts have shown moderate selectivity, yet low activity for the reaction, due to the electronic structure of Cu. By anchoring atomically dispersed Pd atoms onto the exposed Cu surface of Cu@CeO2, we report in this work that hydrogen spillover activates the inert metal-oxide interfaces of Cu@CeO2 into highly effective and selective catalytic sites for hydrogenation under mild reaction conditions. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity in the selective hydrogenation of acrolein than Cu@CeO2. Comprehensive studies revealed that atomically dispersed Pd species are critical for the activation and homolytic splitting of H2. The activated H atoms easily spill to the Cu-O-Ce interfaces as Cu-Hδ- and interfacial Ce-O-Hδ+ species, which makes the Cu-O-Ce interfaces as the active sites for the hydrogenation of polar C=O bonds. Moreover, the weak adsorption of allyl alcohol on the Pd and the Cu-O-Ce interfacial sites prevents deep hydrogenation, leading to selective hydrogenation of several α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Overall, we demonstrate here a synergic effect between single atom alloy and the support for activation of an inert metal-oxide interface into selective catalytic sites.
2025, 44(1): 100454
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100454
Abstract:
Ultra-thin single crystal film (SCF) without grain boundary, inherits low charge recombination probability as bulk single crystals. However, its low depth brings a high surface defects ratio and hinders carrier transport and extraction, which affects the performance and stability of optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors, and thus surface defect passivation is of great practical significance. In this paper, we used the space confined method to grow MAPbBr3 SCF and selected BA2PbI4 for surface defect passivation. The results reveal that BA cation passivates MA vacancy surface defects, reduces carrier recombination, and enhances carrier lifetime. The carrier mobility is as high as 33.6 cm2V-1s-1, and the surface defect density is reduced to 3.4 × 1012 cm-3. Thus, the self-driven vertical MAPbBr3 SCF photodetector after surface passivation exhibits more excellent optoelectronic performance.
Ultra-thin single crystal film (SCF) without grain boundary, inherits low charge recombination probability as bulk single crystals. However, its low depth brings a high surface defects ratio and hinders carrier transport and extraction, which affects the performance and stability of optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors, and thus surface defect passivation is of great practical significance. In this paper, we used the space confined method to grow MAPbBr3 SCF and selected BA2PbI4 for surface defect passivation. The results reveal that BA cation passivates MA vacancy surface defects, reduces carrier recombination, and enhances carrier lifetime. The carrier mobility is as high as 33.6 cm2V-1s-1, and the surface defect density is reduced to 3.4 × 1012 cm-3. Thus, the self-driven vertical MAPbBr3 SCF photodetector after surface passivation exhibits more excellent optoelectronic performance.
2025, 44(1): 100455
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100455
Abstract:
Birefringent crystals are crucial for manipulating light's phase and polarization, making them vital components in various optical devices. Traditionally, strategies for designing high-performance birefringent crystals have focused on modifying the parent structure. However, there are limited examples demonstrating how changing functional groups can effectively enhance birefringence (Δn), as such changes often significantly alter the crystal structure. In this study, we propose a "functional group implantation" strategy aimed at significantly improving birefringent performance within the chalcogenide system. This involves replacing the isotropic [S]2- ions with anisotropic π-conjugated [CO3]2- groups. We validated this approach through comprehensive comparisons between the chalcogenide [Ba3S][GeS4] and the oxychalcogenide [Ba3CO3][MS4] (where M = Ge and Sn), both of which adopt the same space group and feature the same arrangements of functional groups. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations confirm that the [CO3]2- groups exhibit significantly greater polarization anisotropy than the [S]2- groups. This difference leads to a marked increase in Δn in [Ba3CO3][MS4] (ranging from 0.088 to 0.112 at 546 nm) compared to [Ba3S][GeS4] (0.021 at 546 nm). This finding not only broadens the structural chemistry of π-conjugated chalcogenides but also illustrates the potential of functional group implantation for designing infrared birefringent crystals with enhanced optical anisotropy.
Birefringent crystals are crucial for manipulating light's phase and polarization, making them vital components in various optical devices. Traditionally, strategies for designing high-performance birefringent crystals have focused on modifying the parent structure. However, there are limited examples demonstrating how changing functional groups can effectively enhance birefringence (Δn), as such changes often significantly alter the crystal structure. In this study, we propose a "functional group implantation" strategy aimed at significantly improving birefringent performance within the chalcogenide system. This involves replacing the isotropic [S]2- ions with anisotropic π-conjugated [CO3]2- groups. We validated this approach through comprehensive comparisons between the chalcogenide [Ba3S][GeS4] and the oxychalcogenide [Ba3CO3][MS4] (where M = Ge and Sn), both of which adopt the same space group and feature the same arrangements of functional groups. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations confirm that the [CO3]2- groups exhibit significantly greater polarization anisotropy than the [S]2- groups. This difference leads to a marked increase in Δn in [Ba3CO3][MS4] (ranging from 0.088 to 0.112 at 546 nm) compared to [Ba3S][GeS4] (0.021 at 546 nm). This finding not only broadens the structural chemistry of π-conjugated chalcogenides but also illustrates the potential of functional group implantation for designing infrared birefringent crystals with enhanced optical anisotropy.
2025, 44(1): 100461
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100461
Abstract:
Developing the renewable hydrogen technologies requires high-efficiency pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. Ruthenium phosphides (RuPx) have the great potentials to replace the commercial Pt-based materials, whereas the optimization of their electronic structure for favorable reaction intermediate adsorption remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report an innovative phosphorization-controlled strategy for the in-situ immobilization of core/satellite-structured RuP/RuP2 heteronanoparticles onto N, P co-doped porous carbon nanosheets (abbreviated as RuP/RuP2@N/P-CNSs hereafter). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the electron shuttling at the RuP/RuP2 interface leads to a reduced energy barrier for H2O dissociation by electron-deficient Ru atoms in the RuP and the optimized H* adsorption of electron-gaining Ru atoms in the RuP2. Impressively, the as-synthesized RuP/RuP2@ N/P-CNSs exhibits low overpotentials of 8, 29, and 66 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, acid and neutral media electrolyte, respectively. This research presents a viable approach to synthesize high-efficiency transition metal phosphide-based electrocatalysts and offers a deeper comprehension of interface effects for HER catalysis.
Developing the renewable hydrogen technologies requires high-efficiency pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. Ruthenium phosphides (RuPx) have the great potentials to replace the commercial Pt-based materials, whereas the optimization of their electronic structure for favorable reaction intermediate adsorption remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report an innovative phosphorization-controlled strategy for the in-situ immobilization of core/satellite-structured RuP/RuP2 heteronanoparticles onto N, P co-doped porous carbon nanosheets (abbreviated as RuP/RuP2@N/P-CNSs hereafter). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the electron shuttling at the RuP/RuP2 interface leads to a reduced energy barrier for H2O dissociation by electron-deficient Ru atoms in the RuP and the optimized H* adsorption of electron-gaining Ru atoms in the RuP2. Impressively, the as-synthesized RuP/RuP2@ N/P-CNSs exhibits low overpotentials of 8, 29, and 66 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, acid and neutral media electrolyte, respectively. This research presents a viable approach to synthesize high-efficiency transition metal phosphide-based electrocatalysts and offers a deeper comprehension of interface effects for HER catalysis.
2025, 44(1): 100468
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100468
Abstract:
In the quest to align with industrial benchmarks, a noteworthy gap remains in the field of electrochemical nitrogen fixation, particularly in achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and yield. The electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation process faces considerable hurdles due to the difficulty of cleaving the highly stable N≡N triple bond. Additionally, the electrochemical pathway for nitrogen fixation is often compromised by the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which competes aggressively for electrons and active sites on the catalyst surface, thereby reducing the FE of nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). To surmount these challenges, this study introduces an innovative bimetallic catalyst, CuGa2, synthesized through p-d orbital hybridization to selectively facilitate N2 electroreduction. This catalyst has demonstrated a remarkable NH3 yield of 9.82 μg h-1 cm-2 and an associated Faradaic efficiency of 38.25%. Our findings elucidate that the distinctive p-d hybridization interaction between Ga and Cu enhances NH3 selectivity by reducing the reaction energy barrier for hydrogenation and suppressing hydrogen evolution. This insight highlights the significance of the p-d orbital hybridization in optimizing the electrocatalytic performance of CuGa2 for nitrogen fixation.
In the quest to align with industrial benchmarks, a noteworthy gap remains in the field of electrochemical nitrogen fixation, particularly in achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and yield. The electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation process faces considerable hurdles due to the difficulty of cleaving the highly stable N≡N triple bond. Additionally, the electrochemical pathway for nitrogen fixation is often compromised by the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which competes aggressively for electrons and active sites on the catalyst surface, thereby reducing the FE of nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). To surmount these challenges, this study introduces an innovative bimetallic catalyst, CuGa2, synthesized through p-d orbital hybridization to selectively facilitate N2 electroreduction. This catalyst has demonstrated a remarkable NH3 yield of 9.82 μg h-1 cm-2 and an associated Faradaic efficiency of 38.25%. Our findings elucidate that the distinctive p-d hybridization interaction between Ga and Cu enhances NH3 selectivity by reducing the reaction energy barrier for hydrogenation and suppressing hydrogen evolution. This insight highlights the significance of the p-d orbital hybridization in optimizing the electrocatalytic performance of CuGa2 for nitrogen fixation.
2025, 44(1): 100470
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100470
Abstract:
An effective strategy of regulating active sites in bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is essentially desired, especially in rechargeable metal-air batteries (RZABs). Herein, a highly efficient electrocatalyst of CoFe alloys embedded in pyridinic nitrogen enriched N-doped carbon (CoFe/P-NC) is intelligently constructed by pyrolysis strategy. The high concentration of pyridinic nitrogen in CoFe/P-NC can significantly reprogram the redistribution of electron density of metal active sites, consequently optimizing the oxygen adsorption behavior. As expected, the pyridinic nitrogen guarantees CoFe/P-NC providing the low overpotential of the overall oxygen electrocatalytic process (ΔEORR-OER = 0.73 V vs RHE) and suppresses the benchmark electrocatalysts (Pt/C & RuO2). Assembled rechargeable Zn-air battery using CoFe/P-NC demonstrates a promising peak power density of 172.0 mW·cm-2, a high specific capacity of 805.0 mAh·g-1Zn and an excellent stability. This work proposes an interesting strategy for design of robust oxygen electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage fields.
An effective strategy of regulating active sites in bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is essentially desired, especially in rechargeable metal-air batteries (RZABs). Herein, a highly efficient electrocatalyst of CoFe alloys embedded in pyridinic nitrogen enriched N-doped carbon (CoFe/P-NC) is intelligently constructed by pyrolysis strategy. The high concentration of pyridinic nitrogen in CoFe/P-NC can significantly reprogram the redistribution of electron density of metal active sites, consequently optimizing the oxygen adsorption behavior. As expected, the pyridinic nitrogen guarantees CoFe/P-NC providing the low overpotential of the overall oxygen electrocatalytic process (ΔEORR-OER = 0.73 V vs RHE) and suppresses the benchmark electrocatalysts (Pt/C & RuO2). Assembled rechargeable Zn-air battery using CoFe/P-NC demonstrates a promising peak power density of 172.0 mW·cm-2, a high specific capacity of 805.0 mAh·g-1Zn and an excellent stability. This work proposes an interesting strategy for design of robust oxygen electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage fields.
2025, 44(1): 100451
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100451
Abstract:
Multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials hold significant promise for advancing narrowband emissive organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their attractive narrowband emission characteristics, high emission intensity, and tunable emission colors. However, the planar nature of MR-TADF materials leads to the serve π-π stacking, which can result in concentration quenching and spectral broadening, thereby limiting their further application in OLEDs. Currently, to mitigate the π-π stacking in MR-TADF materials, steric modulation is a reliable design strategy for optimizing the related molecular structures. Depending on the specific shape and scope of steric modulation, it can be categorized into the introduction of bulky groups around the resonance core, “face-to-edge” shielding between the resonance core and the steric hindrance moiety, and “face-to-face” shielding between the resonance core and the steric hindrance moiety. This review systematically summarizes the structural design of MR-TADF molecules based on the different steric modulation strategies and their progress in the doping concentration-independent OLEDs. It also discusses the challenges in this research area and offers an outlook on future developments. We believe that this review will drive the rapid industrialization of narrow-emission OLEDs.
Multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials hold significant promise for advancing narrowband emissive organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their attractive narrowband emission characteristics, high emission intensity, and tunable emission colors. However, the planar nature of MR-TADF materials leads to the serve π-π stacking, which can result in concentration quenching and spectral broadening, thereby limiting their further application in OLEDs. Currently, to mitigate the π-π stacking in MR-TADF materials, steric modulation is a reliable design strategy for optimizing the related molecular structures. Depending on the specific shape and scope of steric modulation, it can be categorized into the introduction of bulky groups around the resonance core, “face-to-edge” shielding between the resonance core and the steric hindrance moiety, and “face-to-face” shielding between the resonance core and the steric hindrance moiety. This review systematically summarizes the structural design of MR-TADF molecules based on the different steric modulation strategies and their progress in the doping concentration-independent OLEDs. It also discusses the challenges in this research area and offers an outlook on future developments. We believe that this review will drive the rapid industrialization of narrow-emission OLEDs.
2025, 44(1): 100467
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100467
Abstract:
Plasmonic nanocrystals with intrinsic chirality are becoming a hot research focus and offer a wide range of applications in optics, biomedicine, asymmetric catalysis, and enantioselective sensing. Making use of the enantioselective interaction of the chiral biomolecules and plasmonic nanocrystals, the biomolecules-directed synthesis endows chiral plasmonic nanocrystals with tunable optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Recent advances in the biomolecule-directed geometric control of intrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have further provided great opportunities for their widespread applications in many emerging technological areas. The review summarizes the recent progress of biomolecule-directed synthesis and potential applications of chiral plasmonic nanocrystals and discusses their development prospects.
Plasmonic nanocrystals with intrinsic chirality are becoming a hot research focus and offer a wide range of applications in optics, biomedicine, asymmetric catalysis, and enantioselective sensing. Making use of the enantioselective interaction of the chiral biomolecules and plasmonic nanocrystals, the biomolecules-directed synthesis endows chiral plasmonic nanocrystals with tunable optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Recent advances in the biomolecule-directed geometric control of intrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have further provided great opportunities for their widespread applications in many emerging technological areas. The review summarizes the recent progress of biomolecule-directed synthesis and potential applications of chiral plasmonic nanocrystals and discusses their development prospects.
