化影成形——从信号采集到图谱呈现的奇妙旅程

引用本文: 吴晶, 兰景凤, 王威, 李莲花, 曲昭玮, 梅凡, 蒲巧生. 化影成形——从信号采集到图谱呈现的奇妙旅程[J]. 大学化学, 2026, 41(4): 302-309. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506103 shu

Citation: Jing Wu, Jingfeng Lan, Wei Wang, Lianhua Li, Zhaowei Qu, Fan Mei, Qiaosheng Pu. From shadow to shape: the fascinating journey from signal acquisition to spectrum display[J]. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(4): 302-309. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506103 shu

化影成形——从信号采集到图谱呈现的奇妙旅程

吴晶 ^1, ,
兰景凤 ^2, ,
王威 ^1, ,
李莲花 ^2, ,
曲昭玮 ^1, ,
梅凡 ^1, ,
蒲巧生 ^{1,
,}

1.
兰州大学化学化工学院, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2.
化学国家级实验教学示范中心(兰州大学), 甘肃兰州 730000

通讯作者: 蒲巧生,E-mail:puqs@lzu.edu.cn

基金项目:
感谢兰州市科学技术局科技计划项目(2024-2-27)；甘肃省教育厅2023年高等教育教学成果培育项目(PX-48232713)；兰州大学教育教学改革研究项目(202212)；教育部化学“101计划”——化学测量学实验课程建设项目；教育部第三批虚拟教研室建设试点——“101计划”化学测量学实验课程虚拟教研室对本工作的支持。

摘要: 在使用现代分析仪器时，许多学生虽能解释实验原理，却不清楚样品进入仪器后为何能“变成”图谱。其实，这背后经历了一场信号的“旅程”：看不见的光、电、化学变化，先由探测器“感知”变成“电”(模拟信号)，再通过信号放大器将微弱电流转为电压信号并放大，随后被整形、转化为计算机能理解的数字信号，最终绘制成图像。这一过程中涉及一连串电子模块和概念，如跨阻放大器、模数转换器、采样频率及分辨率。本文通过一系列通俗类比串联起信号处理的各个关键步骤，帮助学生梳理从信号到数据的全过程，使他们不再只是停留在“按按钮或点鼠标看结果”的阶段，而是能真正理解谱图背后的信号处理流程，更好地使用分析仪器。

关键词:

English

From shadow to shape: the fascinating journey from signal acquisition to spectrum display

Jing Wu ^1, ,
Jingfeng Lan ^2, ,
Wei Wang ^1, ,
Lianhua Li ^2, ,
Zhaowei Qu ^1, ,
Fan Mei ^1, ,
Qiaosheng Pu ^{1,
,}

1.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China;
2.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Lanzhou University), Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China

Corresponding author: Qiaosheng Pu, puqs@lzu.edu.cn

Received Date: 27 June 2025
Accepted Date: 28 August 2025
Available Online: 30 September 2025

Abstract: While chemistry students can clearly explain the experimental principles behind modern analytical instruments, many remain unclear about a crucial intermediate step: how a sample is transformed into a spectral output after entering the instrument. This conversion involves a sophisticated signal processing cascade: initially, subtle changes in optical, electrical, or chemical properties are detected and converted into analog electrical signals by a transducer. These weak current signals are converted into voltage signals via amplification, conditioned, and digitized, ultimately yielding computer-readable data displayed as a visual spectrum. This intricate process incorporates multiple electronic modules and fundamental concepts, including transimpedance amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), sampling frequency, and resolution. Through intuitive analogies that elucidate key signal processing stages, this article enhances students' comprehension of the complete pathway from raw signal acquisition to interpretable spectral data. It moves beyond the reductive “button-pressing” paradigm, cultivating a deeper appreciation for the underlying signal processing that generates each spectrum, thereby transforming analytical instruments from opaque “black boxes” into transparent and comprehensible tools.

Key words:

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

化影成形——从信号采集到图谱呈现的奇妙旅程

通讯作者: 蒲巧生,E-mail:puqs@lzu.edu.cn

English

From shadow to shape: the fascinating journey from signal acquisition to spectrum display

Corresponding author: Qiaosheng Pu, puqs@lzu.edu.cn

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

化影成形——从信号采集到图谱呈现的奇妙旅程

通讯作者: 蒲巧生,E-mail:puqs@lzu.edu.cn

English

From shadow to shape: the fascinating journey from signal acquisition to spectrum display

Corresponding author: Qiaosheng Pu, puqs@lzu.edu.cn

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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