聚酰亚胺衍生多孔碳纳米片中的协同分子组装与阻抗匹配及其微波吸收性能研究

引用本文: 梁博, 赵禹一健, 王思雨, 黄诗涵, 周方科, 张传坤, 王越, 果小明. 聚酰亚胺衍生多孔碳纳米片中的协同分子组装与阻抗匹配及其微波吸收性能研究[J]. 物理化学学报, 2026, 42(6): 100285. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100285 shu

Citation: Bo Liang, Yuyijian Zhao, Siyu Wang, Shihan Huang, Fangke Zhou, Chuankun Zhang, Yue Wang, Xiaoming Guo. Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(6): 100285. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100285 shu

聚酰亚胺衍生多孔碳纳米片中的协同分子组装与阻抗匹配及其微波吸收性能研究

梁博 ^1,2, ,
赵禹一健 ^1, ,
王思雨 ^1, ,
黄诗涵 ^1, ,
周方科 ^1, ,
张传坤 ^2, ,
王越 ^{1,2,
,} ,
果小明 ^{1,2,
,}

1.
湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北十堰 442002;
2.
湖北汽车工业学院储能与动力电池湖北省重点实验室, 湖北十堰 442002

通讯作者: 王越,E-mail:wangyue@huat.edu.cn; 果小明,E-mail:gxm@huat.edu.cn

基金项目:
本研究由湖北汽车工业学院博士科研启动基金(BK202411、BK202219)资助。

摘要: 本文提出了一种通过分子结构设计协同调控介电与磁损耗来制备高性能微波吸收材料的新策略。以同时含有羧基和苯并咪唑官能团的聚酰亚胺前驱体为关键组分，通过冰模板法结合原位离子交换，将Ni²⁺离子均匀引入聚合物骨架。经热酰亚胺化和碳化处理后，成功制备均匀负载Ni/NiO纳米颗粒的氮掺杂二维碳纳米片复合材料(BPCN@Ni/NiO)。相较于不含苯并咪唑结构的对照样品(NPCN@Ni/NiO)，该材料展现出优异的微波吸收性能：最低反射损耗(RL_min)达-69.02 dB，有效吸收带宽(EAB)为8.92 GHz (8.28-17.2 GHz)。微观结构分析证实其具有三维互联纳米片结构、高度分散的Ni/NiO组分及均匀的元素分布。吸波性能的提升归因于苯并咪唑和羧基对Ni²⁺的协同络合作用，实现了镍组分的高效负载与均匀分散，从而优化了阻抗匹配。此外，独特的二维导电网络、丰富的C/Ni/NiO异质界面、缺陷诱导偶极极化以及Ni与NiO间的磁耦合共同构建了协同多重损耗机制，赋予材料优异的微波衰减能力。该工作为通过精准分子工程设计轻质、宽频、高效的碳基复合吸波材料提供了新思路。

关键词:

English

Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption

1.
School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China;
2.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power Battery, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of New Energy, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China

Corresponding author: Yue Wang, ; Xiaoming Guo,

Received Date: 14 February 2026
Accepted Date: 11 March 2026
Revised Date: 10 March 2026

Abstract: Herein, a novel strategy for fabricating microwave absorption materials via molecular-level design that synergistically regulates dielectric and magnetic losses. The method utilizes a polyimide precursor containing both carboxyl and benzimidazole functional groups as the key component. Through an ice-templating process followed by in-situ ion exchange, Ni²⁺ ions are uniformly incorporated into the polymeric skeleton. Subsequent thermal imidization and carbonization yield nitrogen-doped two-dimensional carbon nanosheets embedded with uniformly dispersed Ni/NiO nanoparticles (BPCN@Ni/NiO). This material exhibits significantly superior microwave absorption properties compared to its counterpart synthesized without the benzimidazole structure (NPCN@Ni/NiO). BPCN@Ni/NiO achieves a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -69.02 dB with effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.92 GHz (8.28-17.2 GHz). Microstructural analyses confirm its three-dimensional interconnected nanosheet architecture, highly dispersed Ni/NiO species, and homogeneous elemental distribution. The performance enhancement is attributed to the synergistic complexation of Ni²⁺ ions by benzimidazole and carboxyl groups, which enables efficient loading and uniform dispersion of nickel species, thereby optimizing impedance matching. Furthermore, the unique 2D conductive network, abundant heterogeneous interfaces (C/Ni/NiO), defect-induced dipole polarization, and magnetic coupling between Ni and NiO collectively contribute to synergistic multiple loss mechanisms, ultimately endowing the material with excellent microwave attenuation capability. This work offers a new pathway for designing lightweight, efficient, and broadband carbon-based composite absorbers through precise molecular engineering.

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

聚酰亚胺衍生多孔碳纳米片中的协同分子组装与阻抗匹配及其微波吸收性能研究

通讯作者: 王越,E-mail:wangyue@huat.edu.cn; 果小明,E-mail:gxm@huat.edu.cn

English

Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption

Corresponding author: Yue Wang, ; Xiaoming Guo,

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

聚酰亚胺衍生多孔碳纳米片中的协同分子组装与阻抗匹配及其微波吸收性能研究

通讯作者: 王越,E-mail:wangyue@huat.edu.cn; 果小明,E-mail:gxm@huat.edu.cn

English

Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption

Corresponding author: Yue Wang, ; Xiaoming Guo,

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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