高倍率长寿命P2型钠离子电池正极材料

引用本文: 李培才, 王绪斌, 张庆华, 王伯文, 容晓晖, 胡勇胜, 李忠涛. 高倍率长寿命P2型钠离子电池正极材料[J]. 物理化学学报, 2026, 42(5): 100214. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100214 shu

Citation: Peicai Li, Xubin Wang, Qinghua Zhang, Bowen Wang, Xiaohui Rong, Yong-Sheng Hu, Zhongtao Li. High-rate and long-cycling P2-type cathode material for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(5): 100214. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100214 shu

高倍率长寿命P2型钠离子电池正极材料

1.
中国石油大学(华东)化学化工学院, 重质油全国重点实验室, 山东青岛 266580
2.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学材料与光电技术学院, 北京 100049
4.
长三角物理研究中心有限公司, 江苏溧阳 213300
5.
中国科学院物理研究所怀柔分部, 北京 101400

通讯作者: Email: rong@iphy.ac.cn (容晓晖); yshu@iphy.ac.cn (胡勇胜); liztao@upc.edu.cn (李忠涛)

摘要: 钠离子电池在启动电源、储能调频等功率型应用中潜力显著，其发展亟需兼具高倍率性能和长循环稳定性的正极材料。传统P2-Na_0.67Ni_0.33Mn_0.67O₂材料虽具有高能量密度优势，但在高电压下会出现结构退化，影响其作为功率型电源的长期可靠性。在此，本研究采用多元素掺杂的策略，设计了P2-Na_0.67Zn_0.05Ni_0.23Fe_0.1Mn_0.57Ti_0.05O₂正极材料。该材料通过抑制高电压相变，提升了结构稳定性，在3C高倍率下循环300次后仍具有85%以上的容量保持率，展现出优异的倍率和循环性能，为功率型钠离子电池正极的设计提供了思路。

关键词:

English

High-rate and long-cycling P2-type cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

1.
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China
2.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3.
College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd., Liyang 213300, Jiangsu Province, China
5.
Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China

Corresponding author: Email: rong@iphy.ac.cn (Xiaohui Rong); yshu@iphy.ac.cn (Yong-Sheng Hu); liztao@upc.edu.cn (Zhongtao Li)

Received Date: 19 August 2025
Accepted Date: 28 October 2025
Revised Date: 22 October 2025
Available Online: 15 May 2026

Abstract: Cathode materials play a critical role in determining the energy density, cycle life, and cost-effectiveness of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Among various candidates, P2-type layered oxide cathodes exhibit superior high-rate charge/discharge performance due to their open Na⁺ diffusion channels, making them particularly suitable for applications requiring rapid power delivery, such as starter batteries and grid frequency regulation. However, while the conventional P2-type Na_0.67Ni_0.33Mn_0.67O₂ (P2-NNMO) cathode demonstrates high energy density, the strong O²⁻–O²⁻ electrostatic repulsion within the transition metal layer during high-voltage charging induces an irreversible P2 → O2 phase transition accompanied by approximately 20% volume strain. This results in severe lattice distortion and structural collapse. Additionally, oxygen oxidation at high voltages contributes to charge compensation, reducing electrochemical reaction reversibility and accelerating structural degradation. Consequently, the P2-NNMO cathode suffers from rapid capacity decay and poor cycling stability, hindering its practical application. To overcome these challenges, we developed a multi-element doping strategy to design a P2-Na_0.67Zn_0.05Ni_0.23Fe_0.1Mn_0.57Ti_0.05O₂ (P2-NZNFMTO) layered oxide cathode. The synergistic doping of Zn²⁺, Ti⁴⁺, and Fe³⁺ enables concurrent optimization of structural and electrochemical properties. Specifically, Zn²⁺ doping enhances the O²⁻–Na⁺–O²⁻ electrostatic interaction, promoting the formation of local "Na⁺ pillars" within the Na layer to mitigate volume variation and phase transitions during cycling. Ti⁴⁺ doping disrupts Na⁺/vacancy ordering, significantly improving Na⁺ diffusion kinetics. The incorporation of Zn²⁺, Ti⁴⁺, and Fe³⁺ also alleviates the Jahn-Teller distortion associated with Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺, enhancing cycling performance while reducing material costs. The P2-NZNFMTO cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, demonstrating 96.7% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C rate with a high cut-off voltage of 4.3 V. Even at a high rate of 3C, it maintains over 85% capacity retention after 300 cycles. In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analyses confirm its excellent structural stability and rapid Na⁺ transport capability at high voltages. This multi-element synergistic doping strategy establishes a novel design principle and theoretical foundation for developing high-voltage, long-cycle-life, and high-power SIB cathodes.

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1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

高倍率长寿命P2型钠离子电池正极材料

通讯作者: Email: rong@iphy.ac.cn (容晓晖); yshu@iphy.ac.cn (胡勇胜); liztao@upc.edu.cn (李忠涛)

English

High-rate and long-cycling P2-type cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Corresponding author: Email: rong@iphy.ac.cn (Xiaohui Rong); yshu@iphy.ac.cn (Yong-Sheng Hu); liztao@upc.edu.cn (Zhongtao Li)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

高倍率长寿命P2型钠离子电池正极材料

通讯作者: Email: rong@iphy.ac.cn (容晓晖); yshu@iphy.ac.cn (胡勇胜); liztao@upc.edu.cn (李忠涛)

English

High-rate and long-cycling P2-type cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

Corresponding author: Email: rong@iphy.ac.cn (Xiaohui Rong); yshu@iphy.ac.cn (Yong-Sheng Hu); liztao@upc.edu.cn (Zhongtao Li)

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

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