In this study, ZnSnO₃/NiO heterostructures were synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by an annealing process. The gas-sensitive characteristics of the sensors based on these samples were evaluated. The results indicate that the sensor performance was optimized when the molar ratio of Ni to Zn was 1∶2. Specifically, the response values of the ZnSnO₃/NiO-2-based sensor to 100 μL·L^-1 triethylamine (TEA) gas at 220 ℃ reached 70.6, which were 6.1 times higher than that of the pure ZnSnO₃ based sensor. The findings demonstrate that ZnSnO₃/NiO heterostructures exhibited not only short response and recovery times (1 s/18 s) but also good gas selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The enhanced sensing mechanism has been investigated in detail.

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)交联温敏纳米纤维膜作为一种相变温度易于控制的新兴响应性材料，克服了传统PNIPAm块状水凝胶的生产成本高、响应速率慢和PNIPAm非交联温敏纳米纤维耐水性差的缺点，受到广泛研究并应用于智能开关、温度致动器、水油分离、药物、细胞控制释放和伤口敷料等领域。形貌稳定性和快速响应性是温敏纳米纤维膜在重复体积变化过程中最大的挑战，同时也作为评价PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的实用性最重要指标引起了人们广泛的关注。本文全面综述了PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜近二十年来国内外的突破性进展和非交联作用下PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌变化和响应性，重点综合分析了物理和化学交联中交联反应类型、交联度、交联时间和交联分子量对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌稳定性和响应行为的影响，为之后纤维膜的交联处理提供了理论支持，并对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的发展及应用前景进行了展望。

Herein, an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS₄ onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth (CC) substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC composite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites, thereby accelerating the reduction of I₃^-. More importantly, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance (R_s). Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ca. 9.51% (surpassing the ca. 8.15% efficiency of the Pt counter electrode), open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of ca. 0.79 V, short-circuit current density (J_sc) of ca. 18.31 mA·cm^-2, and fill factor (FF) of ca. 0.65. Moreover, after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the CV curve remainedunchanged, indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I^3-/I^-.

面向化学类(非高分子)专业的高分子化学实验教学发展较为缓慢，亟需紧跟研究前沿，引入新内容。本文总结了近十年的教学改革经验，并以温敏型高分子的制备、溶液性质、光学性能与应用为例，介绍如何通过实验教学内容、实验技术、教学方法等方面的创新，设计符合理科人才培养需求的、契合时代与科学发展的、被学生喜爱与重视的一系列高分子化学实验，以有效解决培养需求与课业负担之间的矛盾，且在不新增开课、课时有限的情况下，加入到化学类专业本科教学体系中，激发学生对学科领域的兴趣，提升学生的探究和创新能力。

采用原位溶剂热反应制备多级Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄(氮空位-g-C₃N₄)/Ti₃C₂T_x肖特基结，并对其物相组成和晶体结构、微观形貌和孔结构、表面元素组成和化学态、光学和光电化学性质进行了表征。由于Ag、Bi和Ti₃C₂T_x协同的表面等离激元共振效应，Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂T_x表现出全光谱吸收特性。由载流子浓度差驱动的界面极化电荷转移诱导形成的肖特基结，显著提高了光生载流子(包括热电子和热空穴)的分离效率和利用率。因此，与Nv-g-C₃N₄、Ti₃C₂T_x、Ag/Nv-g-C₃N₄、Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄和Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄相比，Ag/Bi/Nv-g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂T_x表现出显著增强的全光谱催化活性，其在可见光和近红外光照射下光催化降解四环素的反应速率常数分别为0.033和0.008 6 min^-1，为对比样品的10~2.1倍和8.6~1.8倍。

由溶剂热法合成了2个锰的超分子配合物[Mn₂(2，2′-bipy)₄(H₂O)Cl₃](L₁)·6H₂O (1)和[Mn(2，2′-bipy)₂(H₂O)Cl](L₂)·3H₂O (2) (L₁^-=对甲基苯磺酸根，L₂^-=间硝基苯磺酸根，2，2′-bipy=2，2′-联吡啶)，并用单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析和氮气吸附-脱附测试对其进行了表征。以Mannich反应为探针，研究了2种配合物的催化性能，并通过对比2种配合物的扫描电镜和粉末X射线衍射表征结果，分析了配合物结构对其催化性能的影响。最后通过密度泛函理论预测了配合物的活性位点，利用X射线光电子能谱证明了活性位点的活化作用，进而阐述了配合物催化Mannich反应的机理。

铜基电催化剂在CO₂还原反应(CO₂RR)中产高附加值产物的潜力巨大，是实现碳负排放的一种很有前景的途径。同时，安培级电流是实现多碳(C₂₊)产业化的关键。然而，由于复杂的电子传递过程和不可避免的副反应，工业电流密度下的C₂₊选择性仍然不令人满意。在此，我们开发了一种碳修饰策略来优化局部环境并调节中间产物在Cu活性位点的吸附。结果表明，Cu-C_x催化剂(x为催化剂中C的原子百分数)能有效催化CO₂RR生成C₂₊产物。特别是在流动池中，Cu-C_6%在-0.72 V vs. RHE(相对可逆氢电极)条件下，电流密度可达1.25 A∙cm^-2, C₂H₄和C₂₊产物的法拉第效率(FE)分别可达54.4%和80.2%。原位光谱分析和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明，C的存在调节了^*CO在Cu表面的吸附，降低了C—C耦合的能垒，从而促进了C₂₊产物的生成。

采用原位溶剂热法制备了氮空位g-C₃N₄(NVCN)/Bi/BiOBr/BiOI多元异质结光催化材料，并使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、N₂吸附-脱附测试、X射线光电子能谱、光致发光光谱、光电化学测试等方法对其组成、形貌、比表面积和孔结构、缺陷和元素化学态、光学和光电化学性质进行表征。NVCN/Bi/BiOBr/BiOI异质结对可见光和近红外光的吸收能力因缺陷和金属Bi的局域表面等离激元共振效应显著增强。其在可见光下照射60 min和近红外光下照射6 h时，分别可以分解90.7%和78.5%的环丙沙星，对应的矿化率分别为73.1%和62.1%。由光电化学测试和自由基捕获实验结果可知，NVCN/Bi/BiOBr/BiOI异质结全光谱催化性能的提高归因于光学性质的改善、光生载流子分离效率的提高和寿命的延长，以及双S型电荷转移机制的形成。

CO₂ reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure. It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds. They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties. Their advantages, such as high porosity, a wide range of visible light absorption, and excellent charge separation efficiency, give them good potential in CO₂ capture, separation, and conversion. Currently, Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals. The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in this field, including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO₂RR. Here, we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies, some important characterization information, and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO₂ conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.

在基础分析化学教学中，假设检验是培养学生数据处理能力与统计思维的核心内容。然而，当前教材普遍侧重独立样本t检验，忽视配对样本t检验的系统介绍，导致学生在面对成组数据比较时易误用检验方法，影响了对分析结果可靠性的判断。本文以“湖水表层与底层氯离子含量比较”这一环境分析典型案例为切入点，系统对比独立t检验与配对t检验的原理、适用条件及计算过程，阐明其统计本质差异与选择依据。旨在弥补现有教材在t检验方法选择上的教学空白，帮助学生准确理解并区分应用场景，强化科学决策意识。本案例可作为教学资源融入课堂教学、课外补充或实验预习环节，为后续专业学习与科研训练提供支持。