采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

Different solvothermal reactions of ZnC₂O₄ with oxalic acid (H₂ox) and 1, 2, 4-triazole (Htrz) successfully gave a new quaternary (NJTU-Bai83, NJTU-Bai=Nanjing Tech University Bai's group) and a new quinary (NJTU- Bai84) anionic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), where NJTU-Bai83=(Me₂NH₂)₂[Zn₃(trz)₂(ox)₃]·2H₂O and NJTU-Bai84=(Me₂NH₂)[Zn₃(trz)₃(ox)₂]·H₂O, respectively. With the [Zn₂(ox)₄(trz)₂] secondary building unit (SBU) in NJTU- Bai83 replaced by the [Zn₃(ox)₂(trz)₆] and planar [Zn(ox)₂(trz)₂] ones in NJTU-Bai84, 2D supramolecular building layers (SBLs) are changed from the A-layer and B-layer to another A-layer, while pillars are transformed from the tetrahedral [Zn(ox)₂(trz)₂] SBU to the irregular tetrahedral [Zn(ox)₂(trz)₂] and planar [Zn(ox)₂(trz)₂] SBUs. Thus, cdq-topological quaternary NJTU-Bai83 is tuned to (4, 4, 8)-c new topological quinary NJTU-Bai84. Two MOFs were well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, etc.

针对荧光分子检测普遍灵敏度低和检测范围窄的问题，制备了具有等离子激元共振特性的重掺杂半导体纳米结构Cu_2-xS和典型的稀土掺杂上转换发光纳米颗粒NaYF₄∶Yb，Er，通过三相界面自组装方法获得了Cu_2-xS/NaYF₄∶Yb，Er薄膜基底。结合有限元模拟，计算了不同摆放情况下Cu_2-xS周围的局域电场分布，研究了在实际薄膜中Cu_2-xS纳米盘之间产生的等离激元耦合对上转换发光性能以及对拉曼信号增强的影响。结果表明，Cu_2-xS等离激元层与NaYF₄∶Yb，Er发光层的耦合，不仅得到了上转换3个数量级的提高，还实现了分子检测10^-7 mol·L^-1的检测极限，并且获得了10^-3~10^-7 mol·L^-1的宽线性响应，从而达到高灵敏度的定性和定量双功能的精确检测。

进一步提高锂离子电池的能量密度、循环寿命和安全性对电动汽车的普及至关重要。三元层状正极材料因其高比容量、低温性能良好、成本较低等优势，近年来在动力电池领域备受关注。高镍化和高电压化被认为是提高三元材料能量密度的有效途径。然而，基于传统多晶三元正极的高镍化和高压化可能会显著降低材料的循环稳定性和热安全性，设计单晶三元正极材料被认为可以有效缓解高压多晶三元正极稳定性问题的可行途径。但是，单晶三元正极仍然面临着离子传输动力学受阻、非均匀荷电状态、晶格参数各向异性变化、阳离子混排、化学机械降解等挑战。因此，本文从三元正极材料的本质结构演化角度系统地分析和总结了多晶与单晶结构失效的共性问题。此外，还归纳了单晶高镍三元材料的合成工艺调控、元素掺杂、表界面改性等策略，梳理了结构设计与电化学性能之间的构效关系，并对单晶高镍三元正极材料的未来发展方向进行了展望，能够为高比能三元正极材料的开发提供理论指导。

多主元合金凭借组分间的协同作用，展现出卓越的物理化学性质，成为极具潜力的析氢反应(HER)电催化剂候选材料。然而，多主元组分结构的复杂性及系统性机器学习(ML)筛选方法的缺乏，使得电催化剂组分的最佳配比无法确定，这制约了多主元合金电催化剂的合理设计与开发。本研究通过Light Gradient Boosting模型从601种候选合金中筛选出了NbZnCo₂多主元合金作为最优候选材料，与Pt/C相比，其成本缩减了约34倍，同时HER活性更优。结合密度泛函理论(DFT)计算与实验验证，证实了ML模型的可靠性。微米级NbZnCo₂催化剂在10 mA cm⁻²电流密度下仅需20 mV超低过电位，并保持60 h的稳定运行。此外，纳米级NbZnCo₂颗粒仍保持了优异HER性能，验证了NbZnCo₂合金作为HER电催化剂的普适性。本研究构建了"机器学习-密度泛函理论-实验"框架，筛选出高性能HER电催化剂，该方法可扩展至其他电催化反应，为可持续能源转换技术提供了更广阔的应用前景。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。