以明矾、绿矾、胆矾为代表的矾类物质在人类生产生活和化学实践中的应用已有上千年历史。本文以一则故事引导读者探索明矾、绿矾和胆矾在净水、食品、杀菌、染色、制酸、医药等不同领域发挥的不同作用，熟悉相关的化学变化，并了解不当使用造成的危害。使读者在学习矾类相关知识的同时，体会化学与社会之间的密切关系。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

漆在中国数千年的使用沉淀出独特的漆艺文化。这里的“漆”是指大漆，从漆树中采集，主要成分漆酚通过化学反应形成漆膜，漆膜具有防潮、耐高温、耐酸碱等优良性质。大漆与色粉混合可以调制出光彩照人的色漆，被广泛地应用于髹饰、设备防腐和文物修复等。将科学与文化相结合，普漆中化学，传漆艺非遗，本文从化学的视角出发，介绍大漆中的化学成分和性质，从漆酚到漆膜发生的化学反应，设计一系列科普实验验证什么是大漆及其优良性质，让科普对象深切体会化学无处不在、化学的重要应用；介绍漆的发展历程，增加中小学生动手参与漆器制作和漆画绘制等梯度科普环节，锻炼青少年的动手能力，传递漆文化与漆艺人的工匠精神。通过糅合漆艺和化学，使科普对象领略到漆艺之美，认识到化学在漆中的重要作用，激发对化学的兴趣，从而达到弘扬漆艺非遗文化和传播化学科学知识的目的。

以物理化学知识体系为基础，从“正确的世界观与科学的方法论”“科学探索与科学精神”“人文素养与文化传承”3条主线，建设了面向地质类、材料类非化学专业的物理化学思政教学体系。将物理化学知识体系重构与思政教学整体设计相结合，促进学生价值塑造。通过教学设计将思政建设成果融入教学实践，取得了良好教学效果。

大学化学是高等院校的一门基础理论课，是培养综合性人才的重要途径。本文从学生和教师两方面深入分析了大学化学课程中分析化学部分教学实践中存在的问题。以“教学内容、教学方法、教学环境、评价体系”四个维度为核心，提出系统化改进与创新的教学模式。将科学前沿成果与产业发展引入教学环节，运用人工智能技术建立知识图谱。着力解决师生面临的问题，提升教师的跨学科教学能力，培养学生的化学思维，鼓励学生运用化学知识解决本专业实际问题的综合能力。着力帮助学生以及教师了解和认同本地区的历史、文化和价值观，增强文化自信。