源起于发霉甜苜蓿，脱胎于生化实验室，华法林先生起初作为一种强力灭鼠毒药大杀四方。然而，在进入医药领域的道路上，他却因毒药的身份标签和种种流言而饱受质疑和反对。科学家们揭示了华法林抗凝血的机制，并证明了华法林抗凝治疗对患者的益处。从此，华法林先生以及他的衍生物们成为了抗凝治疗和防治鼠害的前线战士。

皮克林乳液——一种由胶体尺寸固体颗粒稳定水油界面所形成的乳液——是科学研究和生活生产的热点话题。本文对“皮克林乳液”这一概念进行科普，介绍了传统乳液和皮克林乳液的基本概念、形成原理、制备方法、实验室表征结果及在光催化等领域的应用等，让大学生、青少年、幼小学生乃至社会大众通过皮克林乳液体会化学之美和化学之趣。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

采用种子生长法制备金纳米棒(AuNRs)以构建光学传感器，用于Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺的高选择性快速可视化检测。在酸性环境中，Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺通过与KI溶液反应，将I^-氧化成I₂。I₂刻蚀AuNRs，导致其纵向表面等离子体共振(LSPR)吸收峰蓝移，从而实现对Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺的检测。结果表明，反应温度为50 ℃时，添加0.8 mL 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl、2 mL AuNRs生长液和20 mmol·L^-1 KI溶液，与2 mL 500 μmol·L^-1 Fe³⁺或30 μmol·L^-1 Cu²⁺反应25或90 min，可将AuNRs刻蚀至LSPR吸收峰消失。该方法对Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺检测具有高选择性和准确性，对于Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺共存体系的检测，可通过加入适量F^-与Fe³⁺生成配合物[FeF₆]^3-完成对Fe³⁺的化学掩蔽，消除Fe³⁺的干扰，实现共存体系中Cu²⁺的准确检测。

试纸——通常指的是经过化学处理以后可对特定对象产生颜色变化的一类纸基产品，是人们进行快速检测分析的好帮手。本实验在玻璃纤维滤纸表面改性的基础上，设计了一种基于稀土配合物荧光传感特性的重金属离子检测试纸，充分展示了其在检测水中是否含有重金属离子方面的有效性与便捷性。创新设计的验“金”试纸在检测水源重金属离子污染方面大有用途，充分凸显了化学在促进生态文明建设方面大有可为。试纸的制作过程简单、安全与环保，所得验“金”试纸实用、易用与好用，实验过程既能科普试纸的一般制作与检验原理，又能激发学生进行科学探索与应用实践的兴趣，并在试纸使用的过程中传播生态文明的理念。本实验简单、易重复、门槛低、绿色环保且安全，实验过程具有独特的色彩美学，令人印象深刻，既适合在公众场所开展科普实验，又适合在小学高年级、中学和各本专科院校的实验教学中开展和普及。