采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

本工作研究了镍钴双金属磷化物(Ni-Co-P)在水溶液中的稳定性。结果显示，Ni-Co-P能与H₂O反应，发生自腐蚀生成Ni²⁺、Co²⁺和PO₄^3-离子，同时产生H₂。Ni-Co-P与H₂O的自腐蚀反应速率受到镍钴比例影响，Ni-Co-P中的Co含量升高，其在水中的腐蚀速率降低。详细研究了镍、钴投料比(n_Ni/n_Co)为1∶2制备的Ni-Co-P在水中的腐蚀行为，其在水中的腐蚀速率与溶液pH值、氧气含量、光照、温度等因素有关。为了抑制Ni-Co-P (n_Ni/n_Co=1/2)在水溶液中的腐蚀，在其表面包裹一层惰性TiO₂保护层，这层TiO₂保护层能有效减缓Ni-Co-P在水中的腐蚀，增强其稳定性。

石墨负极是目前锂离子电池中广泛使用的商品化负极材料，其在接触电解液发生储锂时会因有机电解液的还原分解而形成一层固体电解质界面膜(SEI)。该界面膜对锂离子电池的循环稳定性、快充性能、安全性能等诸多方面有着关键影响。通过在石墨表面构建一层包覆层，减少其与电解液之间的副反应并促进稳定电极界面的形成，可以提高储锂的电化学性能。表面包覆通常通过气相或液相法实现，包覆材料主要包括碳材料、锂离子导体、金属化合物和聚合物材料等体系。本文评述了不同包覆材料和方法对石墨负极性能的提升作用，分析了包覆改性策略影响电池快充性能和循环稳定性的机制，为锂离子电池负极材料的研究和开发提供了材料物理化学基础。

以Ni-Mo双金属-氧簇为前驱体，采用原位合成策略构建了介孔碳包覆的高活性NiMoS加氢脱硫催化剂(NiMoS/C-FD)。双金属前驱体的引入及载体的结合，实现了金属活性组分在介孔碳载体中的嵌入及均匀分散。采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等对催化剂进行系统分析，结果表明：与传统浸渍法制备的NiMoS/C-IM催化剂相比，原位合成的催化剂NiMoS/C-FD中MoS₂活性相的尺寸更小、分散度更高、硫化更充分，且形成的高活性NiMoS相更多。反应评价数据表明，该催化剂表现出优异的催化性能，转化率达到93.2%，反应速率常数与转换频率分别达1.6×10^-6 mol·g^-1·s^-1和3.3×10^-3 s^-1，显著优于NiMoS/C-IM。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

铁硫化物因其较高的理论容量，被认为是一种很有前途的钠离子电池负极材料。然而，铁硫化物在充放电过程中存在较大的体积变化，导致其倍率性能和稳定性较差。本文通过简单的一步法策略，制备了一种具有三维簇状结构的硫掺杂碳包覆的Fe_0.95S_1.05纳米球(Fe_0.95S_1.05@SC)，并研究了其储钠性能。硫掺杂碳层可提高材料的导电率，缓解Fe_0.95S_1.05纳米球在反应过程中产生的体积膨胀，故提升了材料的稳定性。Fe_0.95S_1.05@SC的相互贯通的簇状结构，为电子和离子的传输提供了通道，使材料具备优异的倍率性能。在半电池体系中，Fe_0.95S_1.05@SC在0.1 A∙g⁻¹下循环100圈后，保留614.7 mAh∙g⁻¹的高比容量，10 A∙g⁻¹下比容量仍可以达到235.7 mAh∙g⁻¹。在全电池体系中，在0.1和10 A∙g⁻¹时，Fe_0.95S_1.05@SC的可逆容量分别为482.8和288.3 mAh∙g⁻¹。该材料具有良好电化学性能，在钠离子电池中具有广阔的应用前景。