采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

通过高温固相反应法制备了Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Ti_0.90Zr_0.10O₃∶xSm³⁺(BCTZ∶xSm³⁺，x=0.0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%，物质的量分数)陶瓷，系统研究了其微观形貌、铁电性能、储能性能和光致发光性能。研究表明，Sm³⁺掺入后，陶瓷平均晶粒大小明显下降，致密度显著提高。所有陶瓷均表现出典型的铁电性。BCTZ∶xSm³⁺陶瓷放电储能密度得到了极大的提高，BCTZ∶1.0% Sm³⁺陶瓷放电储能密度较纯BCTZ陶瓷可提高约49.0%。此外，在408 nm光的激发下，BCTZ∶xSm³⁺陶瓷在596 nm左右表现出强烈的橙红色发光，且发光强度相对可调性可达449%。

为培养学生材料计算思维，本文采用项目式教学方法，以锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO₄研究案例设计一个第一性原理计算综合实验。本实验设计包括晶体结构建模、结构优化、电子结构计算、锂离子扩散性质计算、后处理分析等操作步骤，帮助学生掌握第一性原理计算基本原理、流程和分析方法，实现理论方法水平和软件操作技能的双重提升。

Bohrium科学计算云平台具有易配置计算环境、易部署安装软件、易成员协作和计算资源充沛等优势，可解决传统计算模拟课程教学中的软件安装、理论和实践割裂等问题，为材料和化学计算模拟课程教学提供极大便利，可显著提高课程教学效率。本文重点介绍Bohrium平台的特色以及教学优势，并展示基于Bohrium平台的分子建模、分子动力学模拟等实验案例设计。

乙醇脱氢是乙醇催化转化过程中的关键基元步骤，铜(Cu)基合金催化剂是该反应最具前景的候选材料。然而，由于合金催化剂在反应条件下固有的结构复杂性和动态演变特性，阐明合金组分与主体金属间协同效应的内在机制仍具挑战性。本研究设计了结构明确的单原子钯(Pd)修饰Cu-MFI催化剂用于乙醇脱氢制乙醛和氢气。通过球差校正高角环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜(AC-HAADF-STEM)、X射线吸收光谱(XAS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等系统表征结合密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明，Pd原子被均匀分散在Cu催化剂表面并被Cu原子隔离，该单原子位点配位数为9–10、带−0.36e电荷。在乙醇脱氢反应中，新生成的Pd^δ−和Cu^δ+位点协同作用降低了乙醇中C—H键断裂的活化能垒，同时增强了氢吸附和H—H键耦合能力，使得Pd/Cu-MFI催化剂获得更高的乙醇转化率和乙醛产率。