Citation: Liu Ruihuan, Wang Xuli, Cheng Fei, Li Fushuang, Xu Kangping, Tan Guishan. Ce (SO4)2·4H2O Mediated Synthesis of Flavones and 2-Phenyl-4-quinolones[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2016, 36(11): 2677-2682. doi: 10.6023/cjoc201603036
硫酸铈介导下黄酮和2-芳基-4-喹啉酮衍生物的合成
English
Ce (SO4)2·4H2O Mediated Synthesis of Flavones and 2-Phenyl-4-quinolones
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Key words:
- Ce (SO4)2·4H2O
- / 2'-hydrochalcone
- / 2'-aminochalcone
- / flavone
- / quinolone
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近年来, 在广大化学家的不断尝试和努力下, 稀土金属催化剂在有机合成反应中得到了广泛应用.其中, 铈化合物因其含量丰富, 价廉易得引起了有机合成研究者的浓厚兴趣.虽然之前有文献报道氧化铝负载的CeCl3-NaI催化体系可介导2'-氨基查尔酮发生分子内关环生成二氢喹啉酮[10], 但对2'-羟基查尔酮无催化作用.本文报道一种以Ce (SO4)2·4H2O为氧化剂的反应体系:在DMSO中, 使用Ce (SO4)2·4H2O为氧化剂, 110 ℃下催化2'-羟基査尔酮和2'-氨基查尔酮发生分子内闭环生成相应的黄酮和喹啉酮类衍生物, 获得了较高的收率.
黄酮及喹啉酮类化合物作为植物重要的次生代谢物, 由于其多样的生物活性, 一直是有机化学家研究的热点.已有的合成方法多以2'-羟基查尔酮和2'-氨基查尔酮为前体, 在不同催化剂的作用下, 通过迈克尔加成及环合得到相应的黄酮与喹啉酮衍生物.除了早期报道的I2[1], SeO2[2], DDQ[3], NaIO4[4], H3PO4-AcOH[5]等催化剂外, InBr3[6], InCl3[6], Tl (NO3)·3H2O[7], CuI[8], ZnCl2[9]等近来也被发现可有效催化2'-羟基査尔酮或2'-氨基查尔酮的分子内关环反应.上述方法虽有效, 但多存在收率低[4]、催化剂昂贵[6]、反应时间长[9]、反应温度高[1]等缺点.尤其是已报道催化剂的反应底物适应范围较窄, 多数仅适用于2'-羟基査尔酮或2'-氨基查尔酮两者之一.因此, 寻找一种既可催化2'-羟基査尔酮环合, 又能促进2'-氨基查尔酮环合的催化剂仍具有较大的应用价值.
1 结果与讨论

Entry Oxidant (equiv.) Solvent T/℃ t/h Yieldb/% 1 CeO2 (1.0)c DMSO 100 2 - 2 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DMSO 100 2 35 3 (NH4)2Ce (NO3)6 (1.0)c DMSO 100 2 11 4 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c Ethanol Reflux 2 5 5 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DCM Reflux 2 - 6 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c CH3CN Reflux 2 7 7 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DMF 100 2 20 8 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DCE Reflux 2 5 9 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)d DMSO 100 2 38 10 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.5)d DMSO 100 2 57 11 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.0)d DMSO 100 2 77 12 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 100 2 88 13 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (3.0)d DMSO 100 2 90 14 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 90 2 43 15 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 2 95 16 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 120 2 94 17 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 130 2 81 18 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 3 96 19 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 4 95 20 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 5 95 a Reaction conditions: 1a (10 mmol), oxidant in 25 mL solvent at corresponding temperature; bisolated yield; c the reaction mixture was stirred under N2; d the reaction mixture was stirred under air. 表1 反应条件的优化a
Table1. Optimization of reaction conditions在上述最优反应条件下, 对该反应的底物适用范围进行了探索.首先, 选择了一系列含不同取代基的2'-羟基查尔酮进行考察, 结果见表 2.由表 2可知, 2'-羟基査尔酮的苯环上无论是连有吸电子基团还是供电子基团, 均无显著的取代基效应.在最佳反应条件下, 上述底物均能以很高的收率得到相应的黄酮衍生物.然后, 我们采用相同的反应条件, 探索了以Ce (SO4)2· 4H2O为氧化剂, 对不同2'-氨基查尔酮氧化关环反应的影响.结果表明, 在最佳反应条件下, 2'-氨基查尔酮发生氧化关环反应, 生成相应的喹啉酮.与2'-羟基査尔酮相比, 2'-氨基查尔酮的反应收率稍低.上述研究结果表明, 该反应条件能以较高的收率适用于不同取代的2'-羟基査尔酮和2'-氨基查尔酮底物.

Substrate R1 R2 t/h Product Yieldb/% 1a H H 2 2a 95 1b H 2'-OCH3 2.5 2b 92 1c H 3'-OCH3 2.5 2c 94 1d H 4'-OCH3 2.5 2d 95 1e H 2'-CH3 2.5 2e 89 1f H 3'-CH3 2.5 2f 90 1g H 4'-CH3 2.5 2g 92 1h H 3'-Cl 2 2h 88 1i H 4'-Cl 2 2h 88 1j H 2'-F 2 2i 92 1k H 4'-Br 2 2h 88 1l H 4'-OBn 2 2j 90 1m 5, 7-OCH3 4'-NO2 2 2k 95 1n 5, 7-OCH3 4'-OBn 2 2l 94 1o 5, 7-(OCH3)2-8-I 4'-OCH3 2 2m 90 1p 5, 7-(OCH3)2 3'-I-4'-OCH3 2 2n 93 3a H 2'-Me 2 4a 91 3b H 3'-Me 2 4b 89 3c H 4'-Me 2 4c 90 3d H 2'-OCH3 2 4d 88 3e H 3'-OCH3 2 4e 87 3f H 3'-NO2 1.5 4f 93 3g H 3'-Cl 2 4g 90 3h H 4'-Cl 2 4h 87 3i H 4'-N (CH3)2 2 4i 90 3j H 4'-OBn 2 4j 91 aReaction conditions: chalcone (10 mmol), Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (25 mmol), DMSO (25 mL), 110 ℃; bisolated yield. 表2 2'-羟基查尔酮与2'-氨基查尔酮的环合a
Table2. Cyclization of 2'-hydroxychalcones and 2'-amino-chalcones以2'-羟基査尔酮为模型反应底物探索最优反应条件(表 1).在100 ℃、以DMSO为溶剂, 氮气保护条件下, 筛选了不同铈盐.以CeO2为氧化剂, 反应2 h, 未能检测到目标产物2a, 使用(NH4)2Ce (NO3)6为氧化剂有目标产物2a生成, 但伴随有大量未知杂质, 收率较低, 而使用Ce (SO4)2·4H2O为氧化剂, 收率有了大幅提高.之后, 以Ce (SO4)2·4H2O为氧化剂, 考察了不同反应溶剂和空气条件下反应进行情况.在被考察的溶剂中, 以DMSO作溶剂, 收率最高, 使用其他溶剂收率下降; 与氮气环境相比, 在空气环境中, 反应仍可进行, 并且收率变化不大.最后, 考察了催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对反应的影响.结果如下:使用底物2.5 equiv.的氧化剂时, 可得到令人满意的收率; 当温度降至90 ℃以下后, 反应收率出现明显下降, 而当温度高于130 ℃时, 催化剂或原料可能被破坏, 使得收率出现明显下降; 而反应时间为2 h时, 收率达到最优.由此, 得到最优反应条件是:在110 ℃, 以DMSO为溶剂, 使用Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5 equiv.), 反应2 h, 反应产率最高.
2 结论
报道了一种以2'-羟基査尔酮与2'-氨基查尔酮为底物, Ce (SO4)2·4H2O为氧化剂, 通过氧化环合得到相应黄酮类和喹啉酮类化合物的方法.本条件适用于多种2'-羟基査尔酮与2'-氨基查尔酮化合物, 并具有很广泛的官能团适用性, 具有良好的普适性.
3 实验部分
3.1 仪器与试剂
熔点使用上海万捷科技有限公司的熔点测定仪测定, 型号为Buchi melting Point-540; IR使用Bruker vector 22红外光谱仪测定; 1H NMR和13C NMR使用Bruker DRX 500型核磁共振仪测定(TMS作为内标, DMSO-d6作为溶剂); 质谱用Finnigan Advantage型质谱仪测定; 高分辨质谱由Bruker UltrOTOF-Q型质谱仪测定.实验过程中所用的试剂均为分析纯, 除特别注明外, 未经进一步处理直接使用.
3.2 实验方法
3.2.2 2'-氨基查尔酮的制备
称取2'-氨基苯乙酮(20 mmol)和芳香醛(20 mmol)溶于无水乙醇(40 mL)中, 搅拌溶解后, 加入30%氢氧化钾溶液(20 mL), 室温搅拌48 h, TLC监测.反应结束后, 倒入冰水中, 有固体析出, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗涤, 甲醇重结晶, 得产物.
3.2.1 2'-羟基查尔酮的制备
称取2'-羟基苯乙酮(20 mmol)和芳香醛(20 mmol)溶于无水乙醇(40 mL)中, 搅拌溶解后, 加入30%氢氧化钾溶液(20 mL), 室温搅拌48 h, 薄层色谱(TLC)监测.反应结束后, 用稀盐酸酸化至pH至4~5, 有固体析出, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗涤, 甲醇重结晶, 得产物.
3.2.3 目标化合物2和4的制备
2-(3-氯苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4g):乙酸乙酯重结晶得灰白色固体.m.p.337~339 ℃ (lit.[22]:>260 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.84 (s, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.82 (dt, J=7.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67~7.58 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 179.4, 149.4, 139.6, 137.0, 135.3, 134.2, 132.4, 131.4, 130.7, 127.6, 126.8, 125.1, 124.0, 119.5, 108.0; ESI-MS m/z: 256.05 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为94.6%.
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2c): 95%乙醇重结晶得灰白色固体.m.p.126~128 ℃ (lit.[11]: 125~128 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.06 (dd, J=7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.81~7.86 (m, 2H), 7.69 (dd, J=8.1, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (t, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53~7.47 (m, 2H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 162.8, 160.2, 156.2, 134.8, 133.1, 130.0, 126.0, 125.2, 123.8, 119.1, 118.1, 112.0, 111.7, 107.7, 56.0; ESI-MS m/z: 253.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.9%.
2-(3-硝基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4f):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.>365 ℃; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.96 (s, 1H), 8.69 (t, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.43~8.38 (m, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (ddd, J=8.5, 6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41~7.35 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.54, 148.52, 146.50, 142.53, 136.64, 134.52, 132.42, 131.12, 127.67, 125.37, 125.02, 124.16, 123.70, 122.56, 119.03, 108.18; IR (KBr) ν: 3338, 1630, 1555 cm-1.HRMS-ESI calcd for C15H11N2O3 [M+H]+ 267.0764, found 267.0762.HPLC纯度为96.2%.
2-(4-苯甲氧基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4j):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体; m.p.277~279 ℃; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.58 (s, 1H), 8.09 (dd, J=8.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (ddd, J=8.5, 6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52~7.47 (m, 2H), 7.44~7.41 (m, 2H), 7.38~7.30 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.3, 160.5, 150.0, 140.9, 137.2, 132.1, 129.3, 128.9, 128.4, 128.2, 126.9, 125.3, 125.2, 123.6, 119.1, 115.7, 107.0, 69.8; HRMS-ESI calcd for C22H18NO2 [M+H]+ 328.1332, found 328.1330.HPLC纯度为96.5%.
2-(2-甲基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2e): 95%乙醇重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.157~158 ℃ (lit.[12]: 155~158 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.09 (dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (ddd, J=8.6, 7.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=7.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (td, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (td, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38~7.34 (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.3, 165.8, 156.4, 137.0, 134.7, 132.6, 131.6, 131.3, 129.7, 126.7, 126.0, 125.3, 123.7, 118.9, 111.7, 20.6; ESI-MS m/z: 237.10 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度, 95.2%.
2-(2-氟苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2j): 95%乙醇重结晶得灰白色固体.m.p.101~102 ℃ (lit.[14]: 100~101 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.09~8.03 (m, 2H), 7.88~7.83 (td, J=8.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.70~7.66 (m, 1H), 7.53 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50~7.43 (m, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.3, 161.2, 159.2, 156.3, 135.0, 134.2, 130.1, 126.2, 125.7, 125.3, 123.6, 120.1, 119.0, 117.5, 112.0; ESI-MS m/z: 241.07 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为96.5%.
在干燥的50 mL三颈烧瓶中加入2'-羟基查尔酮或2'-氨基查尔酮(10 mmol)、四水合硫酸铈(25 mmol), 加入二甲基亚砜(25 mL)作溶剂, 110 ℃反应, TLC监测, 反应结束后, 冷却至室温.将反应液倒入冰水中, 有固体析出, 过滤, 滤饼用水洗涤, 得到粗品.95%乙醇或乙酸乙酯重结晶得到产品.目标产物通过MS, 1H NMR和13C NMR确证.化合物2a~2p, 4b~4e和4g~4i为已知化合物, 化合物4a, 4f和4j为新化合物.
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5, 7-二甲氧基-8-碘-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2o): 95%乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体.m.p.237~238 ℃ (lit.[17]: 239~240 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.13 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 4.02 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 1H), 3.86 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 176.0, 162.9, 162.4, 161.7, 160.4, 157.3, 128.5, 123.3, 115.1, 109.4, 106.8, 93.7, 65.8, 57.6, 56.8, 56.0; MS (ESI) m/z: 439.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为96.5%.
2-(2-甲基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4a):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体; m.p.218~220 ℃; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.81 (s, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J=8.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48~7.42 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39~7.36 (m, 1H), 7.36~7.32 (m, 1H), 5.97 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.2, 151.1, 140.7, 136.1, 135.5, 132.2, 131.0, 130.1, 129.5, 126.5, 125.3, 125.1, 123.7, 118.9, 109.8, 21.5; IR (KBr) ν: 3355, 2919, 1649 cm-1.HRMS-ESI calcd for C16H13NO [M+H]+ 236.1070, found 236.1076.HPLC纯度为94.5%.
2-(4-苄氧基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2l): 95%乙醇重结晶得白色固体.m.p.192~194 ℃ (lit.[16]: 191~193 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.09 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 8.05 (dd, J=7.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (dd, J=6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80~7.76 (m, 1H), 7.52~7.46 (m, 3H), 7.42 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.4, 163.0, 161.7, 156.1, 137.0, 134.6, 129.0, 128.7, 128.5, 128.3, 125.9, 125.2, 123.9, 123.8, 118.9, 115.8, 106.0, 70.0; ESI-MS m/z: 329.12 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为96.3%.
2-(4-苯甲氧基苯基)-5, 7-二甲氧基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2n): 95%乙醇重结晶得白色固体.m.p.178~179 ℃ (lit.[6]: 170~180 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.00 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=6.9, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (td, J=6.9, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.38~7.32 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 176.1, 164.1, 161.3, 160.7, 160.1, 159.6, 137.1, 128.9, 128.5, 128.3, 128.2, 123.7, 115.7, 108.7, 107.3, 96.7, 93.8, 69.9, 56.5, 56.4; MS (ESI) m/z: 389.14 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.3%.
2-(4-氯苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2i): 95%乙醇重结晶得灰白色固体; m.p.177~178 ℃ (lit.[11]: 176~179 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.15 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 8.06 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.88~7.82 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50~7.54 (m, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 161.9, 156.1, 137.1, 134.9, 131.6, 129.7, 128.7, 126.1, 125.3, 123.8, 119.0, 107.7; ESI-MS m/z: 257.04 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为96.9%.
2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2b): 95%乙醇重结晶得重结晶灰白色固体.m.p.96~98 ℃ (lit.[11]: 96~98 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.04 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 161.1, 158.1, 156.4, 134.7, 133.4, 129.6, 125.8, 125.2, 123.6, 121.2, 120.3, 118.9, 113.0, 112.1, 56.4; ESI-MS m/z: 253.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.1%.
2-(4-甲基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2g):95%乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体.m.p.107~109 ℃ (lit.[11]: 105~107 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.05 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.86~7.80 (m, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.5, 163.2, 156.1, 142.5, 134.7, 130.2, 128.8, 126.8, 125.9, 125.2, 123.8, 119.0, 106.7, 21.5; ESI-MS m/z: 237.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为95.3%.
2-(4-硝基苯基)-5, 7-二甲氧基-4H-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2m):95%乙醇重结晶得白色固体.m.p.236~238 ℃ (lit.[6]: 234~236 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.30 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 8.16 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.92 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.8, 169.9, 168.9, 159.7, 157.9, 149.6, 139.4, 132.0, 124.4, 112.5, 107.0, 95.2, 90.7, 57.1, 56.8; MS (ESI) m/z: 328.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.3%.
2-(3-甲基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2f): 95%乙醇重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.100~103 ℃ (lit.[12]: 100~102 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.05 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86~7.81 (m, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 163.2, 156.2, 139.1, 134.8, 133.0, 131.5, 129.5, 127.2, 126.0, 125.2, 124.0, 123.8, 119.0, 107.3, 21.4; ESI-MS m/z: 237.10 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为96.2%.
2-(2-甲氧基基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4d):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.233~235 ℃ (lit.[20]: 234~235 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.74 (s, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.69~7.61 (m, 2H), 7.54 (ddd, J=8.7, 7.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=7.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (ddd, J=8.1, 6.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 176.0, 157.0, 152.1, 139.5, 134.1, 133.3, 130.7, 127.1, 123.5, 121.6, 121.1, 120.2, 118.4, 112.4, 107.3, 56.2; ESI-MS m/z: 252.11 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.7%.
2-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4c):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.286~288 ℃ (lit.[19]: 286~288 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.65 (s, 1H), 8.10 (dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.70~7.65 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.36~7.31 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.4, 150.4, 141.0, 132.2, 131.7, 130.0, 129.5, 127.7, 127.2, 125.2, 123.6, 119.1, 107.4, 21.4; ESI-MS m/z: 236.11 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为95.5%.
2-(3-氯苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2h): 95%乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体.m.p.109~110 ℃ (lit.[13]: 108~110 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.20 (t, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.12~8.08 (m, 1H), 8.07 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90~7.83 (m, 2H), 7.67~7.70 (m, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.54~7.51 (m, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 161.4, 156.2, 134.9, 134.6, 133.8, 132.0, 131.5, 126.5, 126.1, 125.6, 125.2, 123.8, 119.2, 108.3; ESI-MS m/z: 257.04 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为99.1%.
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4e):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.267~268 ℃ (lit.[21]: 266~268 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.84 (s, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J=8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (ddd, J=8.3, 2.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.08, 156.94, 148.83, 140.69, 132.15, 131.99, 130.75, 125.15, 125.06, 124.08, 123.55, 121.09, 118.92, 112.34, 109.97, 56.19; ESI-MS m/z: 252.11 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为94.7%.
2-(3-甲基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4b):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.216~218 ℃(lit.[18]: 217~218 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.71 (s, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.70~7.67 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (ddd, J=8.1, 7.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.4, 150.6, 141.0, 138.8, 134.7, 132.2, 131.5, 129.4, 128.3, 125.3, 125.2, 125.0, 123.7, 119.2, 107.7, 21.5; ESI-MS m/z: 236.11 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为94.2%.
2-(3-碘-4-甲氧基苯基)-5, 7-二甲氧基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2p):95%乙醇重结晶得淡黄色固体.m.p.210~212 ℃ (lit.[17]: 221~222 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.40 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J=2.3, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.49 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 176.0, 164.2, 160.6, 160.6, 159.6, 158.7, 136.6, 128.5, 125.4, 112.1, 108.7, 107.8, 96.8, 93.8, 87.3, 57.3, 56.5, 56.5; MS ESI m/z: 439.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.3%.
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2d): 95%乙醇重结晶得灰白色固体.m.p.155~157 ℃ (lit.[11]: 150~153 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.09 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 8.05 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (td, J=8.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J=8.3, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (td, J=7.4, 1.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.13 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2 H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.4, 163.1, 162.6, 156.1, 134.6, 128.7, 125.9, 125.2, 123.8, 118.9, 115.0, 105.9, 56.0; ESI-MS m/z: 253.09 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为95.6%.
2-(4-N, N-二甲基苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4i):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.327~329 ℃(lit.[23]:>300 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.44 (s, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.63~7.60 (m, 1H), 7.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.00 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.2, 152.1, 150.6, 141.0, 131.9, 130.0, 128.5, 125.1, 123.3, 118.9, 113.0, 112.3, 105.7, 40.9; ESI-MS m/z: 265.15 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.3%.
辅助材料(Supporting Information) 所有化合物的1H NMR, 13C NMR和HRMS谱图.这些材料可以免费从本刊网站(http://sioc-journal.cn/)上下载.
2-(4-溴苯基)-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2k): 95%乙醇重结晶得白色固体; m.p.165~167 ℃ (lit.[15]: 164~166 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.08~8.04 (m, 3H), 7.85~7.83 (m, 1H), 7.80~7.78 (m, 3H), 7.51 (ddd, J=8.0, 7.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 162.0, 156.1, 134.9, 132.6, 131.8, 130.9, 128.8, 126.1, 125.3, 123.8, 119.1, 107.7; ESI-MS m/z: 301.98 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为94.0%.
2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮(2a): 95%乙醇重结晶得灰白色固体.m.p.96~97 ℃ (lit.[11]: 93~95 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.13 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 2 H), 8.07 (dd, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (td, J=7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.65~7.58 (m, 3H), 7.52 (td, J=7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 177.6, 163.1, 156.2, 134.8, 132.3, 131.6, 129.6, 126.8, 126.0, 125.3, 123.8, 119.1, 107.4; ESI-MS m/z: 223.08 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为97.3%.
2-(4-氯苯基)-1H-喹啉-4-酮(4h):乙酸乙酯重结晶得黄色固体.m.p.337~339 ℃ (lit.[23]: 330~333 ℃); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.85 (s, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (ddd, J=8.0, 6.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 186.54, 149.63, 135.79, 133.47, 132.47, 129.80, 129.49, 125.04, 124.98, 124.08, 124.08, 119.49, 107.66; ESI-MS m/z: 256.05 [M+H]+.HPLC纯度为98.0%.
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表 1 反应条件的优化a
Table 1. Optimization of reaction conditions

Entry Oxidant (equiv.) Solvent T/℃ t/h Yieldb/% 1 CeO2 (1.0)c DMSO 100 2 - 2 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DMSO 100 2 35 3 (NH4)2Ce (NO3)6 (1.0)c DMSO 100 2 11 4 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c Ethanol Reflux 2 5 5 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DCM Reflux 2 - 6 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c CH3CN Reflux 2 7 7 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DMF 100 2 20 8 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)c DCE Reflux 2 5 9 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.0)d DMSO 100 2 38 10 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (1.5)d DMSO 100 2 57 11 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.0)d DMSO 100 2 77 12 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 100 2 88 13 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (3.0)d DMSO 100 2 90 14 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 90 2 43 15 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 2 95 16 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 120 2 94 17 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 130 2 81 18 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 3 96 19 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 4 95 20 Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (2.5)d DMSO 110 5 95 a Reaction conditions: 1a (10 mmol), oxidant in 25 mL solvent at corresponding temperature; bisolated yield; c the reaction mixture was stirred under N2; d the reaction mixture was stirred under air. 表 2 2'-羟基查尔酮与2'-氨基查尔酮的环合a
Table 2. Cyclization of 2'-hydroxychalcones and 2'-amino-chalcones

Substrate R1 R2 t/h Product Yieldb/% 1a H H 2 2a 95 1b H 2'-OCH3 2.5 2b 92 1c H 3'-OCH3 2.5 2c 94 1d H 4'-OCH3 2.5 2d 95 1e H 2'-CH3 2.5 2e 89 1f H 3'-CH3 2.5 2f 90 1g H 4'-CH3 2.5 2g 92 1h H 3'-Cl 2 2h 88 1i H 4'-Cl 2 2h 88 1j H 2'-F 2 2i 92 1k H 4'-Br 2 2h 88 1l H 4'-OBn 2 2j 90 1m 5, 7-OCH3 4'-NO2 2 2k 95 1n 5, 7-OCH3 4'-OBn 2 2l 94 1o 5, 7-(OCH3)2-8-I 4'-OCH3 2 2m 90 1p 5, 7-(OCH3)2 3'-I-4'-OCH3 2 2n 93 3a H 2'-Me 2 4a 91 3b H 3'-Me 2 4b 89 3c H 4'-Me 2 4c 90 3d H 2'-OCH3 2 4d 88 3e H 3'-OCH3 2 4e 87 3f H 3'-NO2 1.5 4f 93 3g H 3'-Cl 2 4g 90 3h H 4'-Cl 2 4h 87 3i H 4'-N (CH3)2 2 4i 90 3j H 4'-OBn 2 4j 91 aReaction conditions: chalcone (10 mmol), Ce (SO4)2·4H2O (25 mmol), DMSO (25 mL), 110 ℃; bisolated yield. -
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