English

Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Photothermal Catalytic CO₂ Hydrogenation Reactions: Recent Progress and Perspectives

• Yutong Wan ,
• Fan Fang ^, ,
• Ruixue Sun ,
• Jie Zhang ,
• Kun Chang ^,

• College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

Corresponding author: Fan Fang, fangfan1990@nuaa.edu.cn Kun Chang, changkun@nuaa.edu.cn

• Received Date: 27 December 2022
  Accepted Date: 16 February 2023
  Revised Date: 16 February 2023
  Available Online: 15 November 2023
• Fund Project:

Abstract: Owing to the accelerated growth of the human economy and society, the increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has caused serious ecological and environmental problems because of the greenhouse effect. In response to the challenges posed by climate change, China has made a significant commitment to "peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060". Ideally, converting CO₂ into carbon-based energy and chemicals is supposed to be the best strategy of both worlds, mitigating the greenhouse effect while also addressing the shortage of energy supply. Among the proposed concepts for the above strategy, the scheme of reducing CO₂ using renewable green H₂ to produce chemicals is preferred, because it can stimulate the potential of clean energy while also reducing CO₂ emission. To accelerate this reduction process, many catalytic reactions, including photocatalysis, have been designed and investigated. Owing to its high catalytic efficiency and extensive use of solar energy, photothermal catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation in photocatalysis is desirable for increasing sun-to-fuel efficiency. There are two main interpretations of photothermal catalytic hydrogenation: (1) only sunlight is used as the energy source to drive the catalyst, which generates heat to promote CO₂ conversion. In this case, the reaction still proceeds in the form of thermocatalysis, whereas photocatalysis has a limited effect. (2) Solar and heat energy are coupled to participate in the catalytic reaction, which has a synergistic effect. Therefore, according to the catalytic mode, the rational design and successful synthesis of photothermal catalysts are very important. Metal oxide semiconductors, owing to their unique energy band structure and chemical properties, high stability, and environmental friendliness, are widely used in the research of photothermal catalytic hydrogenation reactions. This paper reviews the research progress on metal oxide materials used in the CO₂ hydrogenation reaction by photothermal catalysis. In particular, the most significant results of research in the last five years have been performed mainly from three different catalyst modulation strategies, such as supporting catalysts, applying microstructure engineering, and defect engineering. The mechanisms of these modulation strategies are summarized and presented for further understanding. In addition, this study introduces different types of photothermal hydrogenation reactors, accompanied by the effects of some key parameters on the reactions. Finally, design strategies for metal oxide catalysts are suggested, and an outlook of photothermal abatement technology is presented.

Key words:
• CO₂ reduction
•  /  Catalytic hydrogenation
•  /  Photothermal synergy
•  /  Metal oxide
•  /  Modulation strategy

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