基于席夫碱配体的Gd(Ⅲ)/Dy(Ⅲ)配合物的结构和磁性
English
Dinuclear Gd(Ⅲ)/Dy(Ⅲ) Complexes Based on Schiff base Ligands: Structures and Magnetic Properties
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Key words:
- Schiff base
- / dinuclear
- / lanthanide
- / crystal structure
- / magnetic property
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0. Introduction
Since the discovery of Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) during the 1990s, the study of SMMs has a booming development for its potential application in high-density information storage and quantum comput-ing devices[1-4]. To achieve these applications, carefully designed structures of SMMs are required. Among all the central ions, owning to their significant magnetic anisotropy which arising from the large, unquenched orbital angular momentum, lanthanide-ions are widely used to construct SMMs[5-15]. For example, Zheng's group reported a monometallic Dy complex of magnetization reached an effective energy barrier to magnetic relaxa-tion of Ueff=1 815(1) K[16]. Tong's group reported another Dy-based compound with a record anisotropy barrier up to 1 837 K in zero field and a record magnetic blocking temperature of 60 K[17]. Notably, previous studies show that the magnetic interaction between centre metals and the alteration of coordination geometry on them are two important factors to adjust the relaxation dynamics of lanthanide-based SMMs[18-19]. For example, Tang's group reported an asymmetric dinuclear Dy(Ⅲ) complex which shows the high axiality and Ising exchange interaction that can efficiently suppress quantum tunneling of magnetization and the exchange interaction between the Dy sites contribution leading to an increase of the relaxation time by 3 orders of magnitude[20]. In addition, the dinuclear SMMs are ideal configurations to study the single-ion effective anisotropic barriers versus the energy barriers which arising from the two interaction metal centers[21-22]. To date, various researches have been performed to study how the exchange coupling affects magnetic properties of lanthanide-based complexes and some innovative results have been reported[23-25].
To construct dinuclear SMMs, the choice of ligands is very important. As ligands can influence the construction of coordination polymers and moreover, ligand field is a key factor to control the magnetic anisotropy of SMMs. Therefore, Schiff-base ligands with rich O, N-based multichelating sites have been regarded as excellent candidates to construct lanthanide-based multinuclear coordination com-pounds. In addition, by modifying the terminal group of acylhydrazine derivatives, various ligand systems will be built in which ligand field will also affect the SMM properties of Ln(Ⅲ) coordination compounds[26-28].
Herein, we choose 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-bromo-benzaldehyde oxime(HL) as ligand in combination with methane acid and acetic acid to build new Ln-based coordination polymers. Two new complexes, namely, [Gd2(L)4(HCOO)2(CH3OH)2] (1) and [Dy2(L)4(CH3COO)2(CH3OH)2] (2) have been constructed succe-ssfully. Their syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties are reported.
图 Scheme 1
1. Experimental
1.1 Materials and measurements
All reagents and solvents were purchased from Aladdin and used without further purification. The ligand HL was synthesized according to the literature[29]. Elemental analyses for C, H and N were performed on a Perkin-Elmer elemental analyzer model 240. IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet IS10. IR spectro-meter using KBr pellets in the range of 4 000~500 cm-1. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities were measured on SQUID MPMSXL-7 magnetometer in the temperature range of 2~300 K.
1.2 Synthesis of complex 1
Ligand HL (0.1 mmol) was dissolved in mixed solvent of 10 mL CH3OH and 5 mL CH3CN followed by addition of GdCl3·6H2O (0.1 mmol) and sodium methoxide (0.2 mmol), which gave a clear solution after stirring for 2.5 h. Diethyl ether was diffused slowly into the solution at room temperature, and light-yellow single crystals were obtained in 5 days. Yield: 42.5% based on rare-earth. Elemental analysis calculated for C40H54Br4Gd2N4O22(%): C 30.47; H 3.45; N 3.55. Found(%): C 30.61; H 3.52; N 3.61. FT-IR (KBr, cm-1): 1 689(w), 1 612(m), 1 568(m), 1 473(s), 1 312(w), 1 174(w), 1 072(m), 1 010(w), 952(w), 842(s), 753(m), 587(m).
1.3 Synthesis of complex 2
Ligand HL (0.1 mmol) was dissolved in mixed solvent of 10 mL CH3OH and 5 mL CH3CN followed by the addition of Dy(CH3COO)3·4H2O (0.1 mmol) and triethylamine (0.2 mmol). A clear solution was obtained after stirring for 3 h. Diethyl ether was used to diffuse slowly into this solution at room temperature, and light-yellow single crystals were obtained in 5 days. Yield: 44.5% based on rare-earth. Elemental analysis calculated for C40H50Br4Dy2N4O20(%): C 30.97; H 3.25; N 3.61. Found(%): C 30.81; H 3.21; N 3.51. FTIR (KBr, cm-1): 1 860(w), 1 601(m), 1 478(m), 1 380(s), 1 221(m), 1 110(s), 1 005(w), 941(w), 840(m), 734(s), 558(w).
1.4 X-ray crystallographic study
The suitable single crystals of complexes 1 and 2, with crystal size of 0.34 mm×0.34 mm×0.29 mm and 0.32 mm×0.31 mm×0.28 mm respectively, were used for X-ray diffraction data collection with a BRUKER SMART 1000 CCD, all using graphite-monochromated Mo Kα radiation (λ=0.071 073 nm). The structures were solved primarily by direct methods and refined by the full-matrix least squares method. The computations were performed with the SHELX-97 program[30]. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic thermal parameters. The hydrogen atoms were set in calculated positions and refined as riding atoms with a common fixed isotropic thermal parameter. The crystal data and refinement parameters of complexes 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.
表 1
表 1 Crystal data and structure refinement for complexes 1 and 2Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for complexes 1 and 2Complex 1 2 Empirical formula C40H54Br4Gd2N4O22 C40H50Br4Dy2N4O20 Formula weight 1 577.01 1 551.44 T/K 173(2) 173(2) Crystal system Triclinic Monoclinic Space group P1 P21/c a/nm 1.093 9(8) 1.188 5(6) b/nm 1.128 8(9) 2.513 6(12) c/nm 1.310 5(9) 0.835 8(5) α/(°) 103.689(13) β/(°) 100.567(15) 95.923(7) γ/(°) 116.970(12) V/nm3 1.319 9(16) 2.484(2) Z 1 2 Dc/(g·cm-3) 1.984 2.075 μ/mm-1 5.598 6.283 Rint 0.033 2 0.056 1 F(000) 766 1 500 Reflection collected 9 747 17 798 GOF on F2 1.016 1.015 R1a[I > 2σ(I)] 0.038 7 0.042 7 wR2b[I > 2σ(I)] 0.100 7 0.097 8 aR1=∑(‖Fo|-|Fc‖)/∑|Fo|; bwR2={∑w(Fo2-Fc2)2/∑w(Fo)2}1/2. CCDC: 1570377, 1; 1570378, 2.
2. Results and discussion
2.1 Crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2
The crystal structure of complex 1 is depicted in Fig. 1. Complex 1 crystallizes in the space group of P1 in triclinic structure. Two symmetric nine-coordinated Gd(Ⅲ) ions are bridged by two phenoxide groups from two Schiff base ligands and two molecules of formate ion with Gd-Ophenoxide bond length of 0.241 7(5) and 0.237 4(3) nm, respectively. Then, each Gd(Ⅲ) ion is further coordinated with two N ions, one Ohydroxyl ion and one Omethoxyl ion. The intramolecular Gd…Gd distance is 0.376 6(2) nm, as well as Gd-O-Gd angle of 103.65(3)°.
图 1
Complex 2 crystallize in monoclinic with space group of P21/c (Fig. 2). The crystal structure of complex 2 is similar to complex 1 except that Dy(Ⅲ) ions are bridged by two acetate ions instead of formate ions. The Dy-O and Dy-N distances are in the range of 0.228 9(4)~0.265 0(4) nm and 0.257 7(3)~0.262 9(2) nm, respectively. The intramolecular Dy…Dy distance is 0.375 7(1) nm with Dy-O-Dy angle of 103.30(5)°. Selected bond lengths and angles for two complexes are shown in Table 2.
图 2
表 2
表 2 Selected bond lengths (nm) and angles (°) for complexes 1 and 2Table 2. Selected bond lengths (nm) and angles (°) for complexes 1 and 21 Gd(1)-O(2) 0.228 6(4) Gd(1)-O(7)a 0.244 0(4) Gd(1)-O(3) 0.263 7(4) Gd(1)-O(4)a 0.237 2(4) Gd(1)-O(6) 0.245 3(4) Gd(1)-Gd(1)a 0.376 7(3) Gd(1)-O(5) 0.240 7(4) Gd(1)-N(2) 0.259 2(6) O(3)-C(10) 0.138 0(7) Gd(1)-O(4) 0.241 8(4) Gd(1)-N(1)a 0.259 3(6) O(3)-C(9) 0.142 9(7) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(4)a 139.32(1) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(4) 135.76(1) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(7)a 130.99(2) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(5) 85.39(1) O(4)a-Gd(1)-O(4) 76.31(1) O(4)a-Gd(1)-O(7)a 76.04(2) O(4)a-Gd(1)-O(5) 77.67(1) O(5)-Gd(1)-O(4) 77.91(1) O(5)-Gd(1)-O(7)a 143.18(2) 2 Dy(1)-O(6) 0.229 0(4) Dy(1)-O(4) 0.242 3(4) Dy(1)-O(5) 0.265 0(4) Dy(1)-O(4)a 0.236 8(4) Dy(1)-O(7) 0.246 6(4) Dy(1)-Dy(1)a 0.375 7(4) Dy(1)-O(3) 0.237 9(4) Dy(1)-N(1)a 0.257 8(5) O(3)-C(10) 0.124 5(8) Dy(1)-O(2)a 0.241 2(4) Dy(1)-N(2) 0.262 9(6) O(7)-C(18) 0.141 8(8) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(4)a 140.38(1) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(2)a 130.53(1) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(4) 134.74(2) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(3) 86.24(1) O(4)a-Dy(1)-O(2)a 76.99(1) O(4)a-Dy(1)-O(4) 76.70(2) O(4)a-Dy(1)-O(3) 79.21(1) O(3)-Dy(1)-O(2)a 141.49(1) O(3)-Dy(1)-O(4) 75.67(2) Symmetry codes: a: -x, -y, -z for 1; a: -x+1, -y, -z+2 for 2. 2.2 Magnetic properties of complex 1
Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of complexes 1 and 2 were measured from 300 to 2.0 K in an applied field of 1 kOe. As showed in Fig. 3, the χMT value for complex 1 at 300 K is 15.67 cm3·K·mol-1, which is in agreement with the expected value of 15.76 cm3·K·mol-1 for two uncoupled Gd(Ⅲ) ions (8S7/2, S=7/2). The χMT value is almost constant until the temperature cooling to 30 K, after that, this value decreases rapidly, reaching a minimum value of 11.04 cm3·K·mol-1 at 2.0 K. This phenomenon indicates the presence of a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Gd(Ⅲ) ions.
图 3
To evaluate the coupling parameters, the magnetic data were analyzed by a theoretical expression[31]. The best fit from equation below gives g=1.99, J=-0.1348 which confirms the weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Gd ions.
$ \begin{array}{l} {\chi _{\rm{M}}} = \frac{{2N_g^2{\beta ^2}}}{{kT}} \cdot \frac{{\exp \left( y \right) + 5\exp \left( {3y} \right) + 14\exp \left( {6y} \right) + 30\exp \left( {10y} \right) + 55\exp \left( {15y} \right) + 91\exp \left( {21y} \right) + 140\exp \left( {28y} \right)}}{{\exp \left( y \right) + 5\exp \left( {3y} \right) + 7\exp \left( {6y} \right) + 9\exp \left( {10y} \right) + 11\exp \left( {15y} \right) + 13\exp \left( {21y} \right) + 15\exp \left( {28y} \right)}}\\ y = J/\left( {kT} \right) \end{array} $
2.3 Magnetic properties of complex 2
For complex 2 (Fig. 4), at room temperature, the χMT value (28.61 cm3·K·mol-1) is close to the theoretical value of 28.34 cm3·K·mol-1 for two non-interacting Dy(Ⅲ) ions (6H15/2, g=4/3). Upon cooling, the χMT value decreases gradually in the temperature range of 300~50 K, then drops quickly and reaches 6.8 cm3·K·mol-1 at 2 K. This observed decrease of χMT value under high temperatures results from the depopulation of the excited Stark sublevels. However, the decrease behavior at low temperature mainly results from intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction between Dy(Ⅲ) ions[32].
图 4
To investigate the dynamic magnetic properties of complex 2, the temperature frequency dependencies of magnetic susceptibility measurements under alternat-ing current were measured in the range of 200~1 400 Hz. As shown in Fig. 5, no maximum in-phase signal(χ') and out-of-phase signal (χ") values are observed until 2 K which might arise from the quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM). However, the values of in-phase signal (χ') and out-of-phase signal (χ") exhibit a frequency dependent character, indicating the slow relaxation of magnetization.
图 5
3. Conclusions
Two novel dinuclear Ln(Ⅲ) based complexes have been successfully synthesized. These two complexes have similar structures, in which two symmetric nine-coordinated Ln(Ⅲ) ions are bridged by two phenoxide groups from two Schiff base ligands, two molecules of formate ion for 1 and acetate ion for 2. The magnetic studies show that weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Gd ions existing in complex 1, while complex 2 shows slow relaxation of magnetization.
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Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for complexes 1 and 2
Complex 1 2 Empirical formula C40H54Br4Gd2N4O22 C40H50Br4Dy2N4O20 Formula weight 1 577.01 1 551.44 T/K 173(2) 173(2) Crystal system Triclinic Monoclinic Space group P1 P21/c a/nm 1.093 9(8) 1.188 5(6) b/nm 1.128 8(9) 2.513 6(12) c/nm 1.310 5(9) 0.835 8(5) α/(°) 103.689(13) β/(°) 100.567(15) 95.923(7) γ/(°) 116.970(12) V/nm3 1.319 9(16) 2.484(2) Z 1 2 Dc/(g·cm-3) 1.984 2.075 μ/mm-1 5.598 6.283 Rint 0.033 2 0.056 1 F(000) 766 1 500 Reflection collected 9 747 17 798 GOF on F2 1.016 1.015 R1a[I > 2σ(I)] 0.038 7 0.042 7 wR2b[I > 2σ(I)] 0.100 7 0.097 8 aR1=∑(‖Fo|-|Fc‖)/∑|Fo|; bwR2={∑w(Fo2-Fc2)2/∑w(Fo)2}1/2. Table 2. Selected bond lengths (nm) and angles (°) for complexes 1 and 2
1 Gd(1)-O(2) 0.228 6(4) Gd(1)-O(7)a 0.244 0(4) Gd(1)-O(3) 0.263 7(4) Gd(1)-O(4)a 0.237 2(4) Gd(1)-O(6) 0.245 3(4) Gd(1)-Gd(1)a 0.376 7(3) Gd(1)-O(5) 0.240 7(4) Gd(1)-N(2) 0.259 2(6) O(3)-C(10) 0.138 0(7) Gd(1)-O(4) 0.241 8(4) Gd(1)-N(1)a 0.259 3(6) O(3)-C(9) 0.142 9(7) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(4)a 139.32(1) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(4) 135.76(1) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(7)a 130.99(2) O(2)-Gd(1)-O(5) 85.39(1) O(4)a-Gd(1)-O(4) 76.31(1) O(4)a-Gd(1)-O(7)a 76.04(2) O(4)a-Gd(1)-O(5) 77.67(1) O(5)-Gd(1)-O(4) 77.91(1) O(5)-Gd(1)-O(7)a 143.18(2) 2 Dy(1)-O(6) 0.229 0(4) Dy(1)-O(4) 0.242 3(4) Dy(1)-O(5) 0.265 0(4) Dy(1)-O(4)a 0.236 8(4) Dy(1)-O(7) 0.246 6(4) Dy(1)-Dy(1)a 0.375 7(4) Dy(1)-O(3) 0.237 9(4) Dy(1)-N(1)a 0.257 8(5) O(3)-C(10) 0.124 5(8) Dy(1)-O(2)a 0.241 2(4) Dy(1)-N(2) 0.262 9(6) O(7)-C(18) 0.141 8(8) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(4)a 140.38(1) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(2)a 130.53(1) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(4) 134.74(2) O(6)-Dy(1)-O(3) 86.24(1) O(4)a-Dy(1)-O(2)a 76.99(1) O(4)a-Dy(1)-O(4) 76.70(2) O(4)a-Dy(1)-O(3) 79.21(1) O(3)-Dy(1)-O(2)a 141.49(1) O(3)-Dy(1)-O(4) 75.67(2) Symmetry codes: a: -x, -y, -z for 1; a: -x+1, -y, -z+2 for 2. -
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