采用高温固相法在1 050℃下烧结，制备了LiCoO₂低浓度梯度改性样品，分别为LiF掺杂包覆（LCOLF、LCO@LF）和MgF₂掺杂包覆（LCOMF、LCO@MF）。通过光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜和电化学技术等表征方法，对比分析材料形貌及电化学性能。结果表明，体相掺杂复合电极中，LCOLF热重测试显示出最优热稳定性，LCOMF晶体中（003）和（104）晶面间距收缩；45℃下1C倍率循环70圈后，LCOLF和LCOMF比容量分别为141.45和166.98 mAh·g^-1，循环性能优于LiCoO₂。表面包覆复合电极中，LCO@LF和LCO@MF晶粒表面光洁且晶格氧键价都向更高结合能方向增强；LCO@MF构建了坚实且紧密的包覆层，循环70圈后，放电比容量和容量保持率分别为183 mAh·g^-1和91.26%（LCO@LF分别为154.38 mAh·g^-1和77.54%），循环性能显著优于体相掺杂。

由溶剂热法合成了2个锰的超分子配合物[Mn₂(2，2′-bipy)₄(H₂O)Cl₃](L₁)·6H₂O (1)和[Mn(2，2′-bipy)₂(H₂O)Cl](L₂)·3H₂O (2) (L₁^-=对甲基苯磺酸根，L₂^-=间硝基苯磺酸根，2，2′-bipy=2，2′-联吡啶)，并用单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析和氮气吸附-脱附测试对其进行了表征。以Mannich反应为探针，研究了2种配合物的催化性能，并通过对比2种配合物的扫描电镜和粉末X射线衍射表征结果，分析了配合物结构对其催化性能的影响。最后通过密度泛函理论预测了配合物的活性位点，利用X射线光电子能谱证明了活性位点的活化作用，进而阐述了配合物催化Mannich反应的机理。

研究生教育在社会主义现代化建设的进程中发挥了不可替代的重要作用。本文围绕化学学科的特点，探讨化学类学术型硕士研究生教育的现状，提出学术型硕士研究生教育中存在对专业基础知识的教学重视不够、对研究生科研素养的培养不足和对研究生缺乏职业规划教育等问题。针对这些问题，本文提出若干应对策略。

To develop proton-conducting materials with high hydrothermal and acid-base stability and to elucidate the proton-transport mechanism through visualized structural analysis, two new lanthanum phosphite-oxalates with 3D frameworks, designated as [La(HPO₃)(C₂O₄)_0.5(H₂O)₂] (La-1) and (C₆H₁₆N₂)(H₃O)[La₂(H₂PO₃)₃(C₂O₄)₃(H₂O)] (La-2) (C₆H₁₄N₂=cis-, 6-dimethylpiperazine), were prepared by hydrothermal and solvothermal conduction, respectively. La-1 was constructed with lanthanum phosphite 2D layers and C₂O₄^2- groups, whereas La-2 was constructed with lanthanum oxalate 2D layers and H₂PO₃^- groups. Alternating current (AC) impedance spectra indicate that the proton conductivities of both compounds could reach 10^-4 S•cm^-1 and remain highly durable at 75 ℃ and 98% of relative humidity (RH). Due to the abundance of H-bonds in La-2, the σ of La-2 was higher than that of La-1. La-1 exhibited excellent water and pH stability.

Three new 3-pyridazinyl-substituted triaryltriazoles, 4-(4-R-phenyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridazinyl)-1,2,4-triazole (L¹: R=OCH₃; L²: R=H; L³: R=F) and their Cu(Ⅱ) complexes, trans-[Cu(L¹)₂(NO₃)₂]·H₂O (1), trans-[Cu(L²)₂(NO₃)₂] (2) and trans-[Cu(L³)₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂ (3), have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Crystal structure analyses reveal that the supramolecular trimer (L¹)₃ and complex 3 crystallize in the triclinic P1 space group, the ligand L² and complexes 1 and 2 belong to the monoclinic P2₁/c space group, while the ligand L³ crystallizes in the monoclinic P2₁/n space group. There is a hydrogen-bonded trimer (L¹)₃ in the asymmetric unit of the ligand L¹. In the complexes 1-3, there is a distorted [CuN₄O₂] octahedron with two NO₃^- ions located in the axial positions in 1 and 2, whereas the two water molecules occupy the axial sites in 3. In the equatorial plane of 1-3, each L ligand adopts a chelating bidentate mode to bind the Cu(Ⅱ) ion through the pyridyl N atom and one triazole N atom, leaving the pyridazinyl group uncoordinated. The intermolecular interactions in the free ligands and the complexes have been explored by 3D Hirshfeld surface analyses and 2D fingerprint plots to reveal that the main intermolecular interactions are H…H and C…H/H…C contacts in (L¹)₃, H…H and N…H/H…N contacts in L², H…H, N…H/H…N and C…H/H…C in L³, H…H and O…H/H…O contacts in both 1 and 2, H…H, N…H/H…N and O…H/H…O contacts in 3.