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Citation: TANG Shuang-Ling, LIU Zu-Liang, ZHOU Xin-Li, LÜ Chun-Xu. Detonation Safety of Modified Ammonium Nitrate Ⅰ.The Influences of Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Sulfate[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, ;2004, 21(1): 64-69. shu

Detonation Safety of Modified Ammonium Nitrate Ⅰ.The Influences of Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Sulfate

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094

Corresponding author: LÜ Chun-Xu,
Received Date: 30 April 2003
Available Online: 29 September 2003

Ammonium nitrate(AN) is modified by calcium carbonate and magnesium sulfate, and then mixed with fuel oil and sawdust to make ANFO explosives. The explosives are initiated by No.8 detonator. The thermal decomposition of the modified AN and ANFO explosives have been studied by isothermal and DSC method. Specific surface area of the modified AN is determined to explain the detonation result. It is concluded that ANFO explosives can not be detonated with addition of 40% calcium carbonate or a mixture of 5% magnesium sulfate and 25% calcium carbonate. The double decomposition reaction between calcium carbonate and ammonium nitrate produces volatile gases such as NH₃, H₂O and CO₂ and the decomposition rate is proportional to the calcium carbonate content, temperature and time. Although the thermal stability of ANFO explosives could be improved by calcium carbonate, requirement of detonation safety is not met by adding low amount of calcium carbonate into ammonium nitrate because the specific surface area of the modified AN is increased greatly by the volatilization from mentioned gases. The double salt formed from magnesium sulfate and ammonium nitrate could decrease the double decomposition reaction rate and reduce the detonation sensitivity of the modified AN.
- ammonium nitrate,
- calcium carbonate,
- magnesium sulfate,
- thermal decomposition,
- detonation safety
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