Citation: Ma Hui, Ma Wei, Yang Zheyao, Ding Zhifeng, Long Yi-Tao. Characterization of Steady-State Current at Nanoelectrodes[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, ;2017, 75(11): 1082-1086. doi: 10.6023/A17090402 shu

Characterization of Steady-State Current at Nanoelectrodes

Ma Hui ^a ,
Ma Wei ^a ,
Yang Zheyao ^a ,
Ding Zhifeng ^b ,
Long Yi-Tao ^a,,

a.
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237
b.
Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada, ON N6A 5B7

Corresponding author: Long Yi-Tao, ytlong@ecust.edu.cn
Received Date: 1 September 2017
Available Online: 8 November 2017
Fund Project: the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities B16017the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21775043Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21327807, 21775043), the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No. B16017) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (No. RGPIN-2013-201697)Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada RGPIN-2013-201697the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21327807

Figures(5)

Steady-state cyclic voltammetry has several advantages that make it extremely useful for characterization of ultramicroelectrodes, such as rapid electrode performance assessment and size determination. However, due to the nanoscale size effect, the slight variations in geometry of the nanoelectrodes can lead to significant perturbations in its performance. In this study, electrochemical experiments and finite-element simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics software were conducted to characterize the steady-state current dependence on electrode radii, geometries and recesses. To study the above characterics, the Pt nanodisk electrodes with different sizes were fabricated using a laser-assisted wire pulling method on a P-2000 laser puller. Sluggish current responses were obtained for electrodes with a radius smaller than 80 nm in a 5 mmol/L ferrocene (Fc) CH₃CN electrolyte solution containing 0.2 mol/L Tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF₆). The experimental results agree very well with the simulations. It was discovered that the sluggish responses are due to the kinetically limited electron transfer resulting from the slow reaction rate relative to diffusion. Moreover, a minimum, constant steady state current value was measured once the RG value (i.e., the ratio of overall electrode radius to active electrode radius) was greater than 3. However, the current increased obviously with the RG value decreased below this value due to the enhanced mass transport. In addition, the steady-state voltammetric responses of recessed nanoelectrodes were investigated. It was found that the steady-state current decreased rapidly as the recess depth increased and a classical sigmoidal shape current response was obtained recovering from a sluggish current response. The unique current responses resulted from the restriction of the diffusion of redox molecules in a deep channel to the electrode. To verify the correlation of recess depth to current response, a model was built based on two-dimensional axial symmetry and the obtained simulation results were consistent well with the experimental data. Our findings offer an understanding on the relationship between the nanoelectrode geometry and steady-state cyclic voltammetry, which can provide insight into their electrochemical behaviors.
- nanoelectrode,
- steady-state cyclic voltammetry,
- finite-element simulations,
- size and geometry
1. [1]
  Mirkin, M. V; Fan, F. R. F.; Bard, A. J. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1992, 328, 47. doi: 10.1016/0022-0728(92)80169-5
2. [2]
  Sun, P.; Shao, Y. H. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2006, 23, 427(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1175.2006.03.023
3. [3]
  Ma, W.; Ma, H.; Chen, J. F.; Peng, Y. Y.; Yang, Z. Y.; Wang, H. F.; Ying, Y. L.; Tian, H.; Long, Y. T. Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 1854. doi: 10.1039/C6SC04582K
4. [4]
  Yang, Z. Y.; Ma, W.; Ying, Y. L.; Long, Y. T. Acta Chim. Sinica 2017, 75, 671(in Chinese).
5. [5]
  Pan, R.; Xu, M.; Jiang, D.; Burgess, J. D.; Chen, H. Y. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2016, 113, 11436. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1609618113
6. [6]
  Peng, Y. Y.; Qian, R. C.; Hafez, M. E.; Long, Y. T. ChemElectroChem 2017, 4, 977. doi: 10.1002/celc.201600673
7. [7]
  Zhao, L. J.; Qian, R. C.; Ma, W.; Tian, H.; Long, Y. T. Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 8375. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02365
8. [8]
  Li, Y.; Bergman, D.; Zhang, B. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 5496. doi: 10.1021/ac900777n
9. [9]
  Nioradze, N.; Chen, R.; Kim, J.; Shen, M.; Santhosh, P.; Amemiya, S. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 6198. doi: 10.1021/ac401316n
10. [10]
  Sun, T.; Blanchard, P. Y.; Mirkin, M. V. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, 4092. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00488
11. [11]
  Ying, Y.; Ding, Z.; Zhan, D.; Long, Y. Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 3338. doi: 10.1039/C7SC00433H
12. [12]
  Zoski, C. G.; Mirkin, M. V. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1986. doi: 10.1021/ac015669i
13. [13]
  Liu, Y.; He, R.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, S. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 10812. doi: 10.1021/jp9102806
14. [14]
  Kim, J.; Bard, A. J. Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 1742. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03965
15. [15]
  Ellison, J.; Eloul, S.; Batchelor-McAuley, C.; Tschulik, K.; Salter, C.; Compton, R. G. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2015, 745, 66. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.02.027
16. [16]
  Oja, S. M.; Fan, Y.; Armstrong, C. M.; Defnet, P.; Zhang, B. Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 414. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04542
17. [17]
  Shoup, D.; Szabo, A. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1984, 160, 27. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0728(84)80112-6
18. [18]
  Sun, P.; Mirkin, M. V. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 5809. doi: 10.1021/ac070771m
19. [19]
  Jakšić, M. M. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1988, 249, 35. doi: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)80348-6
1. [1]
  Qi Li , Pingan Li , Zetong Liu , Jiahui Zhang , Hao Zhang , Weilai Yu , Xianluo Hu . Fabricating Micro/Nanostructured Separators and Electrode Materials by Coaxial Electrospinning for Lithium-Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2311030-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311030
2. [2]
  Peng ZHOU , Xiao CAI , Qingxiang MA , Xu LIU . Effects of Cu doping on the structure and optical properties of Au₁₁(dppf)₄Cl₂ nanocluster. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1254-1260. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240047
3. [3]
  Juan WANG , Zhongqiu WANG , Qin SHANG , Guohong WANG , Jinmao LI . NiS and Pt as dual co-catalysts for the enhanced photocatalytic H₂ production activity of BaTiO₃ nanofibers. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1719-1730. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240102
4. [4]
  Liang MA , Honghua ZHANG , Weilu ZHENG , Aoqi YOU , Zhiyong OUYANG , Junjiang CAO . Construction of highly ordered ZIF-8/Au nanocomposite structure arrays and application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1743-1754. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240075
5. [5]
  Yuanpei ZHANG , Jiahong WANG , Jinming HUANG , Zhi HU . Preparation of magnetic mesoporous carbon loaded nano zero-valent iron for removal of Cr(Ⅲ) organic complexes from high-salt wastewater. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1731-1742. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240077
6. [6]
  Hao BAI , Weizhi JI , Jinyan CHEN , Hongji LI , Mingji LI . Preparation of Cu₂O/Cu-vertical graphene microelectrode and detection of uric acid/electroencephalogram. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1309-1319. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240001
7. [7]
  Huan LI , Shengyan WANG , Long Zhang , Yue CAO , Xiaohan YANG , Ziliang WANG , Wenjuan ZHU , Wenlei ZHU , Yang ZHOU . Growth mechanisms and application potentials of magic-size clusters of groups Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1425-1441. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240088
8. [8]
  Qin ZHU , Jiao MA , Zhihui QIAN , Yuxu LUO , Yujiao GUO , Mingwu XIANG , Xiaofang LIU , Ping NING , Junming GUO . Morphological evolution and electrochemical properties of cathode material LiAl_0.08Mn_1.92O₄ single crystal particles. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1549-1562. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240022
9. [9]
  Jiao CHEN , Yi LI , Yi XIE , Dandan DIAO , Qiang XIAO . Vapor-phase transport of MFI nanosheets for the fabrication of ultrathin b-axis oriented zeolite membranes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 507-514. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230403
10. [10]
  Hong LI , Xiaoying DING , Cihang LIU , Jinghan ZHANG , Yanying RAO . Detection of iron and copper ions based on gold nanorod etching colorimetry. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 953-962. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230370
11. [11]
  Guimin ZHANG , Wenjuan MA , Wenqiang DING , Zhengyi FU . Synthesis and catalytic properties of hollow AgPd bimetallic nanospheres. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 963-971. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230293
12. [12]
  Yuhao SUN , Qingzhe DONG , Lei ZHAO , Xiaodan JIANG , Hailing GUO , Xianglong MENG , Yongmei GUO . Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver-loaded sod-based zeolite. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 761-770. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230169
13. [13]
  Jingke LIU , Jia CHEN , Yingchao HAN . Nano hydroxyapatite stable suspension system: Preparation and cobalt adsorption performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1763-1774. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240060
14. [14]
  Yonghui ZHOU , Rujun HUANG , Dongchao YAO , Aiwei ZHANG , Yuhang SUN , Zhujun CHEN , Baisong ZHU , Youxuan ZHENG . Synthesis and photoelectric properties of fluorescence materials with electron donor-acceptor structures based on quinoxaline and pyridinopyrazine, carbazole, and diphenylamine derivatives. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 701-712. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230373
15. [15]
  Yingchun ZHANG , Yiwei SHI , Ruijie YANG , Xin WANG , Zhiguo SONG , Min WANG . Dual ligands manganese complexes based on benzene sulfonic acid and 2, 2′-bipyridine: Structure and catalytic properties and mechanism in Mannich reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1501-1510. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240078
16. [16]
  Xin XIONG , Qian CHEN , Quan XIE . First principles study of the photoelectric properties and magnetism of La and Yb doped AlN. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1519-1527. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240064
17. [17]
  Wenjiang LI , Pingli GUAN , Rui YU , Yuansheng CHENG , Xianwen WEI . C₆₀-MoP-C nanoflowers van der Waals heterojunctions and its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 771-781. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230289
18. [18]
  Siyu HOU , Weiyao LI , Jiadong LIU , Fei WANG , Wensi LIU , Jing YANG , Ying ZHANG . Preparation and catalytic performance of magnetic nano iron oxide by oxidation co-precipitation method. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1577-1582. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230469
19. [19]
  Guangming YIN , Huaiyao WANG , Jianhua ZHENG , Xinyue DONG , Jian LI , Yi'nan SUN , Yiming GAO , Bingbing WANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanorod materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1491-1500. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240086
20. [20]
  Di WU , Ruimeng SHI , Zhaoyang WANG , Yuehua SHI , Fan YANG , Leyong ZENG . Construction of pH/photothermal dual-responsive delivery nanosystem for combination therapy of drug-resistant bladder cancer cell. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1679-1688. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240135

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(15)
Abstract views(1786)
HTML views(202)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142