Citation: FAN Zhe, ZHANG Shengsheng, TANG Jiahao, FAN Ping. Structure, Preparation and Application of Graded Nanomaterials[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, ;2020, 37(5): 489-501. doi: 10.11944/j.issn.1000-0518.2020.05.190248 shu

Structure, Preparation and Application of Graded Nanomaterials

School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China

Corresponding author: FAN Ping, fanping@zjut.edu.cn
Received Date: 17 September 2019
Revised Date: 9 December 2019
Accepted Date: 10 February 2020

Fund Project: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY17E030006)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province LY17E030006

Figures(19)

Due to its unique surface effects, volume effects and quantum effects, nanomaterials have broad applications in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering, medicine, and energy. A number of studies have been carried out using simple low-dimensional nanostructures as the main building blocks to assemble into a regular ordered three-dimensional structure, i.e., hierarchical nanostructures, in a specific arrangement. In this paper, the research progress of hierarchical nanostructures is reviewed. The microstructure of graded nanomaterials and the preparation of graded nanostructures are introduced respectively. The applications of graded nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, supercapacitors, solar cells and photocatalysis are also prospected.
- nanomaterials,
- controllable preparation,
- graded nanostructures,
- photocatalysis,
- supercapacitors
1. [1]
  May S J, Zheng J Y, Wessels B W. Dendritic Nanowire Growth Mediated by a Self-assembled Catalyst[J]. Adv Mater, 2005,17(5):598-602. doi: 10.1002/adma.200401332
2. [2]
  Wang D, Qian F, Yang C. Rational Growth of Branched and Hyperbranched Nanowire Structure[J]. Nano Lett, 2004,4(5):871-874. doi: 10.1021/nl049728u
3. [3]
  Suyatin D B, Hallstram W, Samuelson L. Gallium Phosphide Nanowire Arrays and Their Possible Application in Cellular Force Investigations[J]. J Vacuum SciTechnol B, 2009,27(6):3092-3094. doi: 10.1116/1.3264665
4. [4]
  Wan Q, Dattolie N, Fung W Y. High-performance Transparent Conducting Oxide Nanowires[J]. Nano Lett, 2006,6(12):2909-2915. doi: 10.1021/nl062213d
5. [5]
  Gao H J, Chen Y J, Li H L. Hierarchical Cu₇S₄-Cu₉S₈ Heterostructure Hollow Cubes for Photothermal Aerobic Oxidation of Amines[J]. Chem Eng J, 2019,363:247-258. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.137
6. [6]
  Wang J G, Xiao Q, Zhou H J. Budded, Mesoporous Silica Hollow Spheres:Hierarchical Structure Controlled by Kinetic Self-assembly[J]. Adv Mater, 2006,18(24)3284. doi: 10.1002/adma.200601321
7. [7]
  Arora H, Du P, Tan K W. Block Copolymer Self-assembly-directed Single-crystal Homo and Heteroepitaxial Nanostructures[J]. Science, 2010,330(6001):214-219. doi: 10.1126/science.1193369
8. [8]
  Yu J G, Su Y R, Cheng B. Template-free Fabrication and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hierarchical Macro-/Mesoporous Titania[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2007,17(12):1984-1990. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200600933
9. [9]
  Wang F, Zhao D X, Guo Z. Artificial Leaf Structures as a UV Detector Formed by the Self-assembly of ZnO Nanoparticles[J]. Nanoscale, 2013,5(7):2864-2869. doi: 10.1039/c3nr33748k
10. [10]
  Liao J H, Bernard L, Langer M. Reversible Formation of Molecular Junctions in 2D Nanoparticle Arrays[J]. Adv Mater, 2006,18(18)2444. doi: 10.1002/adma.200601001
11. [11]
  Cheng C W, Liu B, Yang H Y. Hierarchical Assembly of ZnO Nanostructures on SnO₂ Backbone Nanowires:Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Preparation and Optical Properties[J]. ACS Nano, 2009,3(10):3069-3076. doi: 10.1021/nn900848x
12. [12]
  Liu L J, Guan J G, Shi W D. Secondary Nucleation and Growth of ZnO[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2007,129(51):15786-15793. doi: 10.1021/ja071209g
13. [13]
  Peng B, Tan L F, Chen D. Programming Surface Morphology of TiO₂ Hollow Spheres and Their Superhydrophilic Films[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2012,4(1):96-101. doi: 10.1021/am2009986
14. [14]
  Li Y, Wang L L, Liang J. Hierarchical Heterostructure of ZnO@TiO₂ Hollow Spheres for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution[J]. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2017,12531. doi: 10.1186/s11671-017-2304-5
15. [15]
  Wang H K, Kalytchuk S, Yang H H. Hierarchical Growth of SnO₂ Nanostructured Films on FTO Substrates:Structural Defects Induced by Sn(II) Self-doping and Their Effects on Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties[J]. Nanoscale, 2014,6(11):6084-6091. doi: 10.1039/c4nr00672k
16. [16]
  Liu X X, Xiong Y J, Li Z Q. Large-scale Fabrication of TiO₂ Hierarchical Hollow Spheres[J]. Inorg Chem, 2006,45(9):3493-3495. doi: 10.1021/ic0602502
17. [17]
  Yan W W, Fang M, Tan X L. Template-free Fabrication of SnO₂ Hollow Spheres with Photoluminescence from Sn_i[J]. Mater Lett, 2010,64(19):2033-2035. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.06.070
18. [18]
  DU Guofeng, ZHAO Kang, QIN Guohui. Research Progress on SnO₂ Hierarchical Nanostructures[J]. Electron Compon Mater, 2014,33(11):29-35.
19. [19]
  Yin J Z, Wang X F, Li R Q. Synthesis and Characterization of Hierarchical SnO₂ Hollow Octahedra[J]. Mater Lett, 2013,113:118-121. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.09.058
20. [20]
  Li X B, Wang X W, Shen Q. Controllable Low-Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth and Morphology Dependent Field Emission Property of SnO₂ Nanocone Arrays with Different Morphologies[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2013,5(8):3033-3041. doi: 10.1021/am303012u
21. [21]
  Chen B, Lu K. Hierarchically Branched Titania Nanotubes with Tailored Diameters and Branch Numbers[J]. Langmuir, 2012,28(5):2937-2943. doi: 10.1021/la204154h
22. [22]
  Jiang Q P, Li Y H, Du G F. A Novel Structure of SnO₂ Nanorod Arrays Synthesized via a Hydrothermal Method[J]. Mater Lett, 2013,105:95-97. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.04.033
23. [23]
  Kuang Q, Jiang Z Y, Xie Z X. Tailoring the Optical Property by a Three-Dimensional Epitaxial Heterostructure:A Case of ZnO/SnO₂[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2005,127(33):11777-11784. doi: 10.1021/ja052259t
24. [24]
  Zhou W, Cheng C, Liu J P. Lithium-Ion Batteries:Epitaxial Growth of Branched α-Fe₂O₃/SnO₂ Nano-heterostructures with Improved Lithium-Ion Battery Performance[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2011,21(13):2439-2445. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201100088
25. [25]
  Liu J P, Jiang J, Chen C W. Co₃O₄ Nanowire@MnO₂ Ultrathin Nanosheet Core/shell Arrays:A New Class of High-performance Pseudocapacitive Materials[J]. Adv Mater, 2011,23(18):2076-2081. doi: 10.1002/adma.201100058
26. [26]
  Xia X H, Tu J P, Zhang Y Q. High-quality Metal Oxide Core/shell Nanowire Arrays on Conductive Substrates for Electrochemical Energy Storage[J]. ACS Nano, 2012,6(6):5531-5538. doi: 10.1021/nn301454q
27. [27]
  Dey S, Podder S, Roychowdhury A. Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Nickel(III) Oxide Nanostructure:A Synergistic Remediating Action Towards Water Contaminants[J]. J Environ Manage, 2018,211:356-366. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.009
28. [28]
  MOU Fangzhi. New Preparation Technology and Properties of Complex Micro-nanostructures of Metal Oxides[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2012(in Chinese).
29. [29]
  Mai L Q, Fan Y, Zhao Y L. Hierarchical MnMoO₄/CoMoO₄Heterostructured Nanowires with Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance[J]. Nat Commun, 2011,2381. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1387
30. [30]
  Wang X X, Xu M, Fu Y L. A Highly Conductive and Hierarchical PANI Micro/Nanostructure and Its Supercapacitor Application[J]. Electrochim Acta, 2016,222:701-708. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.026
31. [31]
  Bao L, Zang J, Li X. Flexible Zn₂SnO₄/MnO₂ Core/Shell Nanocable-Carbon Microfiber Hybrid Composites for High-performance Supercapacitor Electrodes[J]. Nano Lett, 2011,11(3):1215-1220. doi: 10.1021/nl104205s
32. [32]
  Hou Y, Cheng Y, Hobson T. Design and Synthesis of Hierarchical MnO₂ Nanospheres/Carbon Nanotubes/Conducting Polymer Ternary Composite for High Performance Electrochemical Electrodes[J]. Nano Lett, 2010,10(7):2727-2733. doi: 10.1021/nl101723g
33. [33]
  Fan P, Fan Z, Huang F L. GO@PolyanilineNanorod Array Hierarchical Structure:A Photothermal Agent with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Fast Near-infrared Responsive Hydrogels[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res, 2019,58(9):3893-3901. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05346
34. [34]
  Sudhagar P, Song T, Dong H L. High Open Circuit Voltage Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Manufactured with ZnO Nanowire Arrays and Si/ZnO Branched Hierarchical Structures[J]. J Phys Chem Lett, 2011,2(16):1984-1990. doi: 10.1021/jz200848v
35. [35]
  Salant A, Shalom M, Tachan Z. Quantum Rod-Sensitized Solar Cell:Nanocrystal Shape Effect on the Photovoltaic Properties[J]. Nano Lett, 2012,12(4)2095. doi: 10.1021/nl300356e
36. [36]
  Li P, Lim X, Zhu Y. Tailoring Wettability Change on Aligned and Patterned Carbon Nanotube Films for Selective Assembly[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2007,111(7):1672-1678. doi: 10.1021/jp066781t
37. [37]
  Luo C, Zuo X, Wang L. Flexible Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composite Films with High Conductivity and Superhydrophobicity Made by Solution Process[J]. Nano Lett, 2008,8(12):4454-4458. doi: 10.1021/nl802411d
38. [38]
  Dhindsa M S, Smith N R, Heikenfeld J. Reversible Electrowetting of Vertically Aligned Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanofibers[J]. Langmuir, 2006,22(21):9030-9034. doi: 10.1021/la061139b
39. [39]
  Gao N, Yan Y, Gao N. Modeling Superhydrophobic Contact Angles and Wetting Transition[J]. J Bionic Eng, 2009,6(4):335-340. doi: 10.1016/S1672-6529(08)60135-3
40. [40]
  Zhi C, Feng L, Hao L. One-step Electrodeposition Process to Fabricate CathodicSuperhydrophobic Surface[J]. Appl Surf Sci, 2011,258(4):1395-1398. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.09.086
41. [41]
  GONG Maogang, XU Xixoliang, YANG Zhou. Preparation of Superhydrophobic ZnO Nanorod Film by Hydrothermal Method[J]. Funct Mater, 2008,11:1906-1908. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9731.2008.11.040
42. [42]
  Wang D, Guo Z, Chen Y. In Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanolamellate CaTiO₃ with Controllable Structures and Wettability[J]. Inorg Chem, 2007,46(19):7707-7709. doi: 10.1021/ic700777f
43. [43]
  Feng X J, Zhai J, Jiang L. The Fabrication and Switchable Superhydrophobicity of TiO₂ Nanorod Films[J]. Angew Chem Int Edit, 2005,44(32):5115-5518. doi: 10.1002/anie.200501337
44. [44]
  Shi F, Chen X X, Wang L Y. Roselike Microstructures Formed by Direct In Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis:From Superhydrophilicity to Superhydrophobicity[J]. Chem Mat, 2005,17(24):6177-6180. doi: 10.1021/cm051453b
45. [45]
  Fan P, Chen J Y, Yang J T. GO@Cu Silicate Nano-needle Arrays Hierarchical Structure:A New Route to Prepare High Optical Transparent, Excellent Self-cleaning and Anticorrosion Superhydrophobic Surface[J]. J Nanopart Res, 2017,19(2)36. doi: 10.1007/s11051-016-3676-7
1. [1]
  Zunyuan Xie , Lijin Yang , Zixiao Wan , Xiaoyu Liu , Yushan He . Exploration of the Preparation and Characterization of Nano Barium Titanate and Its Application in Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Teaching. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 62-69. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310137
2. [2]
  Juan Yuan , Bin Zhang , Jinping Wu , Mengfan Wang . Design of a Comprehensive Experiment on Preparation and Characterization of Cu₂(Salen)₂ Nanomaterials with Two Distinct Morphologies. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 420-425. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202402014
3. [3]
  Bing WEI , Jianfan ZHANG , Zhe CHEN . Research progress in fine tuning of bimetallic nanocatalysts for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 425-439. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240201
4. [4]
  Simin Fang , Wei Huang , Guanghua Yu , Cong Wei , Mingli Gao , Guangshui Li , Hongjun Tian , Wan Li . Integrating Science and Education in a Comprehensive Chemistry Design Experiment: The Preparation of Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Application in Dye Water Remediation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 282-289. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401023
5. [5]
  Zhaomei LIU , Wenshi ZHONG , Jiaxin LI , Gengshen HU . Preparation of nitrogen-doped porous carbons with ultra-high surface areas for high-performance supercapacitors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 677-685. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230404
6. [6]
  Huayan Liu , Yifei Chen , Mengzhao Yang , Jiajun Gu . Strategies for enhancing capacity and rate performance of two-dimensional material-based supercapacitors. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100063-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100063
7. [7]
  Zijian Jiang , Yuang Liu , Yijian Zong , Yong Fan , Wanchun Zhu , Yupeng Guo . Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide by Microemulsion Method and Study on Its Photocatalytic Activity. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 266-273. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311101
8. [8]
  Jiahong ZHENG , Jingyun YANG . Preparation and electrochemical properties of hollow dodecahedral CoNi₂S₄ supported by MnO₂ nanowires. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1881-1891. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240170
9. [9]
  Heng Chen , Longhui Nie , Kai Xu , Yiqiong Yang , Caihong Fang . Remarkable Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production Efficiency over Ultrathin g-C₃N₄ Nanosheet with Large Surface Area and Enhanced Crystallinity by Two-Step Calcination. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406019-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406019
10. [10]
  Chenye An , Sikandaier Abiduweili , Xue Guo , Yukun Zhu , Hua Tang , Dongjiang Yang . Hierarchical S-scheme Heterojunction of Red Phosphorus Nanoparticles Embedded Flower-like CeO₂ Triggering Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2405019-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405019
11. [11]
  Qiqi Li , Su Zhang , Yuting Jiang , Linna Zhu , Nannan Guo , Jing Zhang , Yutong Li , Tong Wei , Zhuangjun Fan . Preparation of High Density Activated Carbon by Mechanical Compression of Precursors for Compact Capacitive Energy Storage. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 2406009-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406009
12. [12]
  Guoqiang Chen , Zixuan Zheng , Wei Zhong , Guohong Wang , Xinhe Wu . Molten Intermediate Transportation-Oriented Synthesis of Amino-Rich g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406021-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406021
13. [13]
  Qin Li , Huihui Zhang , Huajun Gu , Yuanyuan Cui , Ruihua Gao , Wei-Lin Dai . In situ Growth of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S Nanorods on Ti₃C₂ MXene Nanosheet for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(4): 2402016-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202402016
14. [14]
  Jiahong ZHENG , Jiajun SHEN , Xin BAI . Preparation and electrochemical properties of nickel foam loaded NiMoO₄/NiMoS₄ composites. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 581-590. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230253
15. [15]
  Yanhui XUE , Shaofei CHAO , Man XU , Qiong WU , Fufa WU , Sufyan Javed Muhammad . Construction of high energy density hexagonal hole MXene aqueous supercapacitor by vacancy defect control strategy. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1640-1652. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240183
16. [16]
  Jin CHANG . Supercapacitor performance and first-principles calculation study of Co-doping Ni(OH)₂. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1697-1707. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240108
17. [17]
  Kun WANG , Wenrui LIU , Peng JIANG , Yuhang SONG , Lihua CHEN , Zhao DENG . Hierarchical hollow structured BiOBr-Pt catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1270-1278. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240037
18. [18]
  Zhuo WANG , Junshan ZHANG , Shaoyan YANG , Lingyan ZHOU , Yedi LI , Yuanpei LAN . Preparation and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂-reduced graphene oxide by thermal decomposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1708-1718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240067
19. [19]
  Xia ZHANG , Yushi BAI , Xi CHANG , Han ZHANG , Haoyu ZHANG , Liman PENG , Shushu HUANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of rhodamine B of BiOCl/polyaniline. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 913-922. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240255
20. [20]
  Yifan ZHAO , Qiyun MAO , Meijing GUO , Guoying ZHANG , Tongliang HU . Z-scheme bismuth-based multi-site heterojunction: Synthesis and hydrogen production from photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(7): 1318-1330. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250001

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(75)
Abstract views(3872)
HTML views(1414)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142