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Citation: Hongjing ZHU, Guanying LIU, Kuaibing WANG. Application of in-situ characterization in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of metal-organic frameworks[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2026, 42(9): 1893-1909. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20260144 shu

Application of in-situ characterization in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of metal-organic frameworks

  • 1.

    School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China

  • 2.

    School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma′anshan, Anhui 243002, China

  • Corresponding author: Kuaibing WANG, wangkb@njau.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 28 April 2026
    Revised Date: 25 July 2026

Figures(11)

  • Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) offers an important pathway toward carbon resource recycling and the realization of carbon neutrality. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring high structural tunability, adjustable porosity, and well-dispersed active sites, have demonstrated significant potential in eCO2RR applications. However, challenges remain in identifying the true active species and unraveling structural reconstruction under realistic reaction conditions. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the application of in-situ characterization techniques-including in-situ infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry of MOF-based catalysts for eCO2RR. Emphasis is placed on their roles and advantages in identifying reaction intermediates, tracking metal valence evolution, probing coordination environment changes, elucidating structural reconstruction behavior, and analyzing product formation kinetics. Unlike previous reviews that focus on the technical aspects of characterization methods, this review centers on the dynamic reconstruction of metal- organic frameworks (MOFs) and the identification of authentic active sites. It systematically summarizes how multi-scale in-situ characterization techniques unravel the correlation between the intrinsic structural evolution of MOFs and their catalytic performance. Future perspectives are also discussed, including multi-technique integration, improved spatiotemporal resolution, and the deep fusion of in-situ data with theoretical calculations and machine learning. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for understanding real active sites, clarifying reaction mechanisms, and designing efficient MOF-based electrocatalytic systems.
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