Covalent organic frameworks enhancing CO2 mass transfer for high-rate CO2 electroreduction
- Corresponding author: Wenjun YANG, wjyang@suda.edu.cn Yang PENG, ypeng@suda.edu.cn
Citation:
Chong GAO, Tianyun LIU, Zhiyuan XING, Wenjun YANG, Yang PENG. Covalent organic frameworks enhancing CO2 mass transfer for high-rate CO2 electroreduction[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,
;2026, 42(9): 1997-2007.
doi:
10.11862/CJIC.20260109
CHEN Q, WANG X Q, ZHOU Y J, TAN Y, LI H M, FU J M, LIU M. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products in flow cells[J]. Adv. Mater., 2024, 36(5): e2303902
doi: 10.1002/adma.202303902
SHE X J, WANG Y F, XU H, TSANG S C E, LAU S P. Challenges and opportunities in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to chemicals and fuels[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2022, 61(49): e202211396
doi: 10.1002/anie.202211396
OZDEN A, DE ARQUER F P G, HUANG J E, WICKS J, SISLER J, MIAO R K, O′BRIEN C P, LEE G, WANG X, IP A H, SARGENT E H, SINTON D. Carbon-efficient carbon dioxide electrolysers[J]. Nat. Sustain., 2022, 5(7): 563-573
doi: 10.1038/s41893-022-00879-8
SHIN H, HANSEN K U, JIAO F. Techno-economic assessment of low-temperature carbon dioxide electrolysis[J]. Nat. Sustain., 2021, 4(10): 911-919
doi: 10.1038/s41893-021-00739-x
BIRDJA Y Y, PÉREZ-GALLENT E, FIGUEIREDO M C, GÖTTLE A J, CALLE-VALLEJO F, KOPER M T M. Advances and challenges in understanding the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels[J]. Nat. Energy, 2019, 4(9): 732-745
doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0450-y
WEI B, ZHANG J F, CHEN Z. Research progress in fine tuning of bimetallic nanocatalystsfor electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2025, 41(3): 425-439
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240201
SONG D Q, LIAN Y B, WANG M, SU Y H, LYU F L, DENG Z, PENG Y. Electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by organic/inorganic hybrids[J]. eScience, 2023, 3(2): 100097
doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2023.100097
CHEN C J, JIN H Y, WANG P T, SUN X G, JARONIEC M, ZHENG Y, QIAO S Z. Local reaction environment in electrocatalysis[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2024, 53(4): 2022-2055
doi: 10.1039/D3CS00669G
KIM C, BUI J C, LUO X, COOPER J K, KUSOGLU A, WEBER A Z, BELL A T. Tailored catalyst microenvironments for CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products on copper using bilayer ionomer coatings[J]. Nat. Energy, 2021, 6(11): 1026-1034
doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00920-8
YANG P P, GAO M R. Enrichment of reactants and intermediates for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52(13): 4343-4380
doi: 10.1039/D2CS00849A
WANG J, TAN H Y, QI M Y, LI J Y, TANG Z R, SUEN N T, XU Y J, CHEN H M. Spatially and temporally understanding dynamic solid-electrolyte interfaces in carbon dioxide electroreduction[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52(15): 5013-5050
doi: 10.1039/D2CS00441K
LI J, CHEN G X, ZHU Y Y, LIANG Z, PEI A, WU C L, WANG H X, LEE H R, LIU K, CHU S, CUI Y. Efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on a three-phase interface[J]. Nat. Catal., 2018, 1(8): 592-600
doi: 10.1038/s41929-018-0108-3
DE ARQUER F P G, DINH C T, OZDEN A, WICKS J, MCCALLUM C, KIRMANI A R, NAM D H, GABARDO C, SEIFITOKALDANI A, WANG X, LI Y G C, LI F W, EDWARDS J, RICHTER L J, THORPE S J, SINTON D, SARGENT E H. CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A·cm-2[J]. Science, 2020, 367(6478): 661-666
doi: 10.1126/science.aay4217
TAN Y C, LEE K B, SONG H, OH J. Modulating local CO2 concentration as a general strategy for enhancing C—C coupling in CO2 electroreduction[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(5): 1104-1120
doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.03.013
SU Z F, GUAN Z J, FANG Y. Process of electrocatalytic synthesis of small molecule substancesby porous framework materials[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2024, 40(12): 2373-2395
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240290
LIU C, WANG Z X, WANG H L, JIANG J Z. Recent advances in porous organic cages for energy applications[J]. Chem. Sci., 2024, 15(46): 19188-19211
doi: 10.1039/D4SC05309E
CUI Y Q, LI J Y, SUN J K. Advances in porous organic cages for energy conversion and storage[J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2025, 83(6): 624-638
CHEN C J, YAN X P, WU Y H, LIU S J, ZHANG X D, SUN X F, ZHU Q G, WU H H, HAN B X. Boosting the productivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products by enhancing CO2 diffusion through a porous organic cage[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2022, 61(23): e202202607
doi: 10.1002/anie.202202607
HAN X C, WANG X H, LI X T, GAO M Y, WANG Q, FENG J T. CO2 capture and in situ conversion technologies: Prospects and perspectives for green and low-energy transformation[J]. Carbon and Hydrogen, 2025, 27(2): 142-163
doi: 10.1002/cbh2.70019
ZHANG Z, LUO Y, HU X L, LI Z Y, WU Y S, WEI W, WANG Y, GU X K, XU J C, DING M Y. Enhancing carbon enrichment by metal-organic cage to improve the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance of silver-based catalyst[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2025, 683: 468-476
doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.12.011
TAN Z H, ZHANG J L, YANG Y S, ZHONG J J, ZHAO Y Z, TENG Y A, HAN B X, CHEN Z J. Polymeric ionic liquid promotes acidic electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to multicarbon products with ampere level current on cu[J]. Nat. Commun., 2025, 16(1): 1843
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57095-z
OZDEN A, LI J, KANDAMBETH S, LI X Y, LIU S, SHEKHAH O, OU P, ZOU FINFROCK Y, WANG Y K, ALKAYYALI T, PELAYO GARCÍA DE ARQUER F, KALE V S, BHATT P M, IP A H, EDDAOUDI M, SARGENT E H, SINTON D. Energy- and carbon- efficient CO2/CO electrolysis to multicarbon products via asymmetric ion migration-adsorption[J]. Nat. Energy, 2023, 8(2): 179-190
doi: 10.1038/s41560-022-01188-2
ZHAO Y, HAO L, OZDEN A, LIU S J, MIAO R K, OU P F, ALKAYYALI T, ZHANG S Z, NING J, LIANG Y X, XU Y, FAN M Y, CHEN Y J, HUANG J E, XIE K, ZHANG J Q, O′BRIEN C P, LI F W, SARGENT E H, SINTON D. Conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products in strong acid by controlling the catalyst microenvironment[J]. Nat. Synth., 2023, 2: 403-412
TAHIR W, WEI Y Q, WANG M, KHALIL I E, DAS P, WANG T, CHENG C, LI S, THOMAS A. Covalent organic frameworks on Cu2O nanocubes as rapid proton/electron transfer gates for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis from nitrate in neutral media[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2026, 148(1): 743-755
doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c16080
REN B H, ZHANG X W, YANG L X, WEN G B, DONG S L, XIONG H Y, LIU Y Y, DUAN X M, TAN L C, WANG X, CHEN Z W. Localized mass transport channels for electro-upgrade of dilute CO2 toward high-yield C2+ products[J]. Nat. Commun., 2025, 16(1): 8383
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63178-8
QIAN Z Y, LIU Y X, LIN Z, YE N, TAN Y J, LIU F, GU Y, HUANG Q Z, GUO H Y, LUO M C, GUO S J. Hydrophobic cation-immobilized covalent organic frameworks enable selective and stable electrosynthesis of ethylene from CO2[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147(25): 21877-21884
doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c05120
ZHU Z J J, ZHU Y H, REN Z X, LIU D, YUE F Y, SHENG D F, SHAO P P, HUANG X Y, FENG X, YIN A X, XIE J, WANG B. Covalent organic framework ionomer steering the CO2 electroreduction pathway on Cu at industrial-grade current density[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146(2): 1572-1579
doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c11709
LI Y, LIU Z Q, FENG K, LI Y D, NING Y, SHEN L, LU J T, MENG Q G, WANG M, WANG H Y. Advances in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO2 conversion to value-addedchemicals using copper-based covalent organic frameworks[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2026, 42(1): 1-22
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250197
ZHANG M D, HUANG J R, SHI W, LIAO P Q, CHEN X M. Self- accelerating effect in a covalent-organic framework with imidazole groups boosts electroreduction of CO2 to CO[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2023, 62(42): e202308195
doi: 10.1002/anie.202308195
CHEN D, LIU J, YUAN Y, HAN X, ZHANG K, HU Q, HAN S, XI S, YANG Q H, LOH K P. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene in an acid-fed membrane electrode assembly at 10 A[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 10783
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65831-8
XIE T, CHEN S, YUE Y, SHENG T, HUANG N, XIONG Y J. Biomimetic phthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks with tunable pendant groups for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2024, 63: e202411188
XU M H, HUANG L, ZHANG F W, LI J J, KOU J F, ZHOU P, ZHANG P F, DONG Z P, ZHANG Z H. Copper-silver bimetallic metal-covalent organic frameworks with unique intermediate interlayer transfer effects for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 to ethylene conversion[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2026, 65(3): e20496
doi: 10.1002/anie.202520496
LIU M Y, HUANG Q, WANG S L, LI Z Y, LI B Y, JIN S B, TAN B. Crystalline covalent triazine frameworks by in situ oxidation of alcohols to aldehyde monomers[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2018, 57(37): 11968-11972
doi: 10.1002/anie.201806664
LAN Z A, FANG Y, ZHANG Y, WANG X. Photocatalytic oxygen evolution from functional triazine-based polymers with tunable band structures[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 57(2): 470-474
WANG H Z, YANG C, CHEN F S, ZHENG G F, HAN Q. A crystalline partially fluorinated triazine covalent organic framework for efficient photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2022, 61(19): e202202328
doi: 10.1002/anie.202202328
JIANG J, PARK S, PIAO L. One-pot synthesis of monodisperse Cu2O nanoparticle aggregates through an in situ seed generation process[J]. CrystEngComm, 2020, 22(1): 18-23
doi: 10.1039/C9CE01279F
SUO X, ZHANG F T, YANG Z Z, CHEN H, WANG T, WANG Z Y, KOBAYASHI T, DO-THANH C L, MALTSEV D, LIU Z M, DAI S. Highly perfluorinated covalent triazine frameworks derived from a low-temperature ionothermal approach towards enhanced CO2 electroreduction[J]. Angew. Chem. ‒Int. Edit., 2021, 60(49): 25688-25694
doi: 10.1002/anie.202109342
Fangfang WANG , Jiaqi CHEN , Weiyin SUN . CuBi@Cu-MOF composite catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(1): 97-104. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240350
Wenjuan SHI , Yuke LU , Xiuyuan LI , Lei HOU , Yaoyu WANG . Mg(Ⅱ) metal-organic frameworks based on biphenyltetracarboxylic acid: Synthesis and CO2 adsorption and catalytic conversion performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(12): 2455-2463. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250220
Anqun LAI , Qiaoyu WU , Qingqing LIANG , Qiyong LI , Guowen DONG , Yongjie DING , Jia′nan CHEN , Qing YAN , Zhonghua PAN , Wangchuan XIAO . Electrocatalytic water oxidation properties of Nd-Co polynuclear complexes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(12): 2527-2535. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250151
Xiting Zhou , Zhipeng Han , Xinlei Zhang , Shixuan Zhu , Cheng Che , Liang Xu , Zhenyu Sun , Leiduan Hao , Zhiyu Yang . Dual Modulation via Ag-Doped CuO Catalyst and Iodide-Containing Electrolyte for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products: A Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 336-344. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412070
Jinyi Sun , Lin Ma , Yanjie Xi , Jing Wang . Preparation and Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Performance Study of Vanadium Nitride@Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composite Nanomaterials: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 184-191. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310094
Xinlong XU , Chunxue JING , Yuzhen CHEN . Bimetallic MOF-74 and derivatives: Fabrication and efficient electrocatalytic biomass conversion. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(8): 1545-1554. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250046
Xue Dong , Xiaofu Sun , Shuaiqiang Jia , Shitao Han , Dawei Zhou , Ting Yao , Min Wang , Minghui Fang , Haihong Wu , Buxing Han . Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products with Ampere-Level Current on Carbon-Modified Copper Catalysts. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 100024-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404012
Ben Yang , Shukun Shen , Pujun Jin , Yujia Luo , Jianyong Hu . Covalent organic frameworks: emerging organic porous materials. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(4): 264-274. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502128
Qing Li , Guangxun Zhang , Yuxia Xu , Yangyang Sun , Huan Pang . P-Regulated Hierarchical Structure Ni2P Assemblies toward Efficient Electrochemical Urea Oxidation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2308045-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308045
Zhe Ji , Guangxu Lan , Jiangnan Li , Sihai Yang . A New Protocol to Construct Molecular Materials: A Brief Introduction on the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(12): 70-77. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511097
Tao Wang , Qin Dong , Cunpu Li , Zidong Wei . Sulfur Cathode Electrocatalysis in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: A Comprehensive Understanding. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(2): 2303061-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303061
Tongtong Zhao , Yan Wang , Shiyue Qin , Liang Xu , Zhenhua Li . New Experiment Development: Upgrading and Regeneration of Discarded PET Plastic through Electrocatalysis. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 308-315. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309003
Jiajie Li , Xiaocong Ma , Jufang Zheng , Qiang Wan , Xiaoshun Zhou , Yahao Wang . Recent Advances in In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy for Investigating Electrocatalytic Organic Reaction Mechanisms. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 261-276. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406117
Jianchun Wang , Ruyu Xie . The Fantastical Dance of Miss Electron: Contra-Thermodynamic Electrocatalytic Reactions. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 331-339. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406082
Xueting Cao , Shuangshuang Cha , Ming Gong . Interfacial Electrical Double Layer in Electrocatalytic Reactions: Fundamentals, Characterizations and Applications. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(5): 100041-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2024.100041
Xinyi Zhang , Kai Ren , Yanning Liu , Zhenyi Gu , Zhixiong Huang , Shuohang Zheng , Xiaotong Wang , Jinzhi Guo , Igor V. Zatovsky , Junming Cao , Xinglong Wu . Progress on Entropy Production Engineering for Electrochemical Catalysis. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(7): 2307057-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307057
Ye Wang , Ruixiang Ge , Xiang Liu , Jing Li , Haohong Duan . An Anion Leaching Strategy towards Metal Oxyhydroxides Synthesis for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(7): 2307019-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307019
Hailian Cheng , Shuaiqiang Jia , Chunjun Chen , Haihong Wu , Buxing Han . Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion: A Key to Unlocking a Low-Carbon Future. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(2): 1-13. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502023
Yan Kong , Wei Wei , Lekai Xu , Chen Chen . Electrochemical Synthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds from N-integrated CO2 Reduction Reaction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(8): 2307049-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307049
Dingwen CHEN , Siheng YANG , Haiyan FU , Hua CHEN , Xueli ZHENG , Weichao XUE , Jiaqi XU , Ruixiang LI . NiOOH-mediated synthesis of gold nanoaggregates for electrocatalytic performance for selective oxidation of glycerol to glycolate. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(11): 2317-2326. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250053
In b: the grid represents the porous COF material, and the spheres represent the Cu2O nanosphere catalysts.