Citation: Yunshang YANG, Weiliang ZHAO, Zetai HU, Yingpeng ZHANG. Synthesis and application of a carbazole-pyrazole-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of hydrazine[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2026, 42(10): 2153-2161. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20260082 shu

Synthesis and application of a carbazole-pyrazole-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of hydrazine

School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

Corresponding author: Yingpeng ZHANG, yingpengzhang@126.com
Received Date: 11 March 2026
Revised Date: 26 May 2026

Figures(12)

A ratiometric fluorescent probe TCM was designed and synthesized based on carbazole and pyrazole fluorophores to detect trace hydrazine sensitively. Spectroscopic studies revealed that TCM exhibits an exceptionally large Stokes shift (241 nm) and a single-excitation, dual-emission characteristic. After reacting with hydrazine, TCM showed reduced orange-yellow fluorescence at 601 nm and enhanced blue fluorescence at 411 nm, with the fluorescence intensity ratio (F₆₀₁/F₄₁₁) decreasing by 97%. The fluorescence recognition mechanism and ratiometric response mode of the probe based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) were verified by mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, TCM exhibited excellent selectivity, strong anti-interference performance, short response time (20 min), and a low detection limit (0.15 μmol·L^-1). TCM has been successfully used to detect hydrazine in real water samples and soil, and has been fabricated into fluorescent filter paper strips for qualitative hydrazine analysis.
- hydrazine,
- carbazole,
- pyrazole,
- ratiometric response,
- intramolecular charge transfer,
- fluorescent probe
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142