Citation: Hanyan DAI, Shuwei ZHANG, Han ZENG, Jianfei NIU. Electro-chemiluminescence performance of glucose sensor based on graphene quantum dot nano-complex[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2026, 42(11): 2475-2492. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20260044 shu

Electro-chemiluminescence performance of glucose sensor based on graphene quantum dot nano-complex

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Academy, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China

Corresponding author: Han ZENG, zenghan1289@163.com
Received Date: 7 February 2026
Revised Date: 14 September 2026

Figures(16)

Using a core-shell structured nanocomposite (AuNP@SiO₂@GQD/mSiO₂) containing gold nanoparticles (AuNP), silica (SiO₂), graphene quantum dots (GQD), and mesoporous silica (mSiO₂) as the carrier, a photoelectrochemical sensor was constructed with chitosan (CTS) as the film-forming agent, coated onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx), yielding the final assembly of AuNP@SiO₂@GQD/mSiO₂/GOx/CTS/GCE. Analysis of the experimental results indicates that the relatively weak interactions between the immobilized enzyme molecules and the mSiO₂ shell of the core-shell nanocomposite, including electrostatic interactions, weak bonding forces, and hydrogen bonding, help maintain the intrinsic chemical microenvironment of GOx molecules. On the GOx-incorporated electrode, the reversible reaction of the electroactive group on the GQD surface and a typical quasi-reversible, surface-controlled electrochemical reaction involving two electrons and two protons were observed, demonstrating excellent heterogeneous charge-transfer efficiency with a normalized rate of 255.5 s^-1. A distinct electrochemical luminescence peak appeared at approximately -2.1 V for the GQD-based electrode when a co-reactant was present in the solution. After optimizing the working parameters of the electro-chemiluminescence sensor, including co-reactant concentration, buffer pH, and scanning rate, we evaluated its glucose-sensing performance. The sensor exhibited strong and stable electro-chemiluminescence signals, a wide linear response range for the substrate (10^-10-10^-4 mol·L^-1), and a low detection limit (8.55×10^-11 mol·L^-1).
- graphene quantum dot,
- gold nanoparticle,
- SiO₂,
- glucose oxidase,
- electro-chemiluminescence performance
1. [1]
  LEI Y M. Research on electrochemiluminescence biosensors based on novel nano-emitters and multiple signal amplification strategies[D]. Chongqing: Xinan University, 2020: 1-22
2. [2]
  DONG X, ZHAO G H, LI X, MIAO J C, FANG J L, WEI Q, CAO W. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide based on resonance energy transfer between a self-enhanced luminophore composed of silver nanocubes on gold nanoparticles and a metal-organic framework of type MIL-125[J]. Microchim. Acta., 2019, 186(12): 811 doi: 10.1007/s00604-019-3969-5
3. [3]
  SHEN J H, ZHU Y H, YANG X L, LI C Z. Graphene quantum dots: Emergent nanolights for bioimaging, sensors, catalysis and photovoltaic devices[J]. Chem. Commun., 2012, 48(31): 3686-3699 doi: 10.1039/c2cc00110a
4. [4]
  BABAMIRI B, BAHARI D, SALIMI A. Highly sensitive bioaffinity electrochemiluminescence sensors: Recent advances and future directions[J]. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2019, 142: 111530 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111530
5. [5]
  FACURE M H M, SCHNEIDER R, MERCANTE L A, CORREA D S. A review on graphene quantum dots and their nanocomposites: From laboratory synthesis towards agricultural and environmental applications[J]. Environ. Sci‒Nano., 2020, 7(12): 3710-3734
6. [6]
  SCHNEIDER L, TON K T, IOANNIDIS I, NEUHAUS-STEINMETZ J, POSSKE T, WIESENDANGE R, WIEBE J. Proximity superconductivity in atom-by-atom crafted quantum dots[J]. Nature, 2023, 621(7977): 60-65 doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06312-0
7. [7]
  REED M A, RANDALL J N, AGGARWAL R J, MATYI R J, MOORE T M, WETSEL A E. Observation of discrete electronic states in a zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructure[J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1988, 60(6): 535 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.535
8. [8]
  ZHANG Q, LIU Y, NIE Y X, MA Q, ZHAO B. Surface plasmon coupling electrochemiluminescence assay based on the use of AuNP@ C₃N₄QD@mSiO₂ for the determination of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) gene[J]. Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186(9): 656 doi: 10.1007/s00604-019-3758-1
9. [9]
  DONG Y P, WANG J, PENG Y, ZHU J J. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of Si quantum dots in neutral aqueous solution and its biosensing application[J]. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2017, 89: 1053-1058 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.011
10. [10]
  ZHAO Y. Development of ultrasensitive DNA detection based on the optical nanomaterials[D]. Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2013: 18
11. [11]
  STÖBER W, FINK A, BOHN E. Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1968, 26(1): 62-69 doi: 10.1016/0021-9797(68)90272-5
12. [12]
  DONG Y Q, SHAO J W, CHEN C Q, LI H, WANG R X, CHI Y W, LIN X M, CHEN G N. Blue luminescent graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide prepared by tuning the carbonization degree of citric acid[J]. Carbon, 2012, 50(12): 4738-4743 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.002
13. [13]
  HU F, ZHANG Y, CHEN G C, LI C Y, WANG Q B. Double-walled Au nanocage/SiO₂ nanorattles: Integrating SERS imaging, drug delivery and photothermal therapy[J]. Small, 2015, 11(8): 985-993 doi: 10.1002/smll.201401360
14. [14]
  HAO E C, LIAN T Q. Buildup of polymer/Au nanoparticle multilayer thin films based on hydrogen bonding[J]. Chem. Mater., 2000, 12(11): 3392-3396 doi: 10.1021/cm000565u
15. [15]
  SAKTHISABARIMOORTHI A, DHAS S A M B, JOSE M. Study on optical nonlinearity of Au@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles towards photonic applications[J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2020, 240: 122154 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122154
16. [16]
  BAHADUR N M, WATANABE S, FURUSAWA T, SATO M, KURAYAMA F, SIDDIQUEY I A, SUZUKI N. Rapid one-step synthesis, characterization and functionalization of silica coated gold nanoparticles[J]. Colloid. Surface. A, 2011, 392(1): 137-144 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.09.046
17. [17]
  WEI C, XU M M, FANG C W, JIN Q, YUAN Y X, YAO J L. Improving the sensitivity of immunoassay based on MBA-embedded Au@SiO₂ nanoparticles and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy[J]. Spectroc. Acta Pt. A‒Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 2017, 175: 262-268 doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.12.036
18. [18]
  ZHU S J, SONG Y B, ZHAO X H, SHAO J R, ZHANG J H, YANG B. The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): Current state and future perspective[J]. Nano Res., 2015, 8(2): 355-381 doi: 10.1007/s12274-014-0644-3
19. [19]
  PAN D Y, ZHANG J C, LI Z, WU M H. Hydrothermal route for cutting graphene sheets into blue-luminescent graphene quantum dots[J]. Adv. Mater., 2010, 22(6): 734-738 doi: 10.1002/adma.200902825
20. [20]
  ZENG H, YANG Y, ZHAO S X, ZHANG Y H. Dependence of catalytic dynamics on structural and operational parameters of enzymatic electrodes based on nano-composite[J]. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 2017, 27(5): 1162-1176 doi: 10.1007/s10904-017-0563-3
21. [21]
  YANG Z J, CAO Y, LI J, JIAN Z Q, ZHANG Y C, HU X Y. Platinum nanoparticles functionalized nitrogen doped graphene platform for sensitive electrochemical glucose biosensing[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2015, 871: 35-42 doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.029
22. [22]
  MA T M, ZENG H, ZHAO S X, HUO W S. Spectroscopic and electrochemical features of glucose oxidase incorporation into polyaniline-cobaltous oxalate nano-complex[J]. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 2019, 29(1): 279-289 doi: 10.1007/s10904-018-0986-5
23. [23]
  SHLEEV S, TKAC J, CHRISTENSON A, RUZGAS T, YAROPOIOV A I, WHITTAKER J W, GORTON L. Direct electron transfer between copper-containing proteins and electrodes[J]. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2005, 20(12): 2517-2554 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.003
24. [24]
  WILLNER I, HELEG-SHABTAI V, BLONDER R, KATZ E, TAO G L, BÜCKMANN A F, HELLER A. Electrical wiring of glucose oxidase by reconstitution of FAD-modified monolayers assembled onto Au-electrodes[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118(42): 10321-10322 doi: 10.1021/ja9608611
25. [25]
  RAN P Y, SONG J Y, MO F J, WU J L, LIU P K, FU Y Z. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots coated with gold nanoparticles for electrochemiluminescent glucose detection using enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide as a quencher[J]. Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186(5): 276 doi: 10.1007/s00604-019-3397-6
26. [26]
  LI L L, JI J, FEI R, WANG C Z, LU Q, ZHANG J R, ZHU J J. A facile microwave avenue to electrochemiluminescent two-color graphene quantum dots[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2012, 22(14): 2971-2979 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201200166
27. [27]
  FIORANI A, IRKHAM, VALENTI G, PAOLUCCI F, EINAGA Y K. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence with peroxydisulfate as a coreactant using boron doped diamond electrodes[J]. Anal. Chem., 2018, 90(21): 12959-12963 doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03622
28. [28]
  CHENG C M, HUANG Y, TIAN X Q, ZHENG B Z, LI Y, YUAN H Y, XIAO D, XIE S P, CHOI M M F. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence behavior of graphite-like carbon nitride and its application in selective sensing Cu²⁺[J]. Anal. Chem., 2012, 84(11): 4754-4759 doi: 10.1021/ac300205w
29. [29]
  ZHANG J, GRYCZYNSKI Z, LAKOWICZ J R. First observation of surface plasmon-coupled electrochemiluminescence[J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2004, 393(4/5/6): 483-487
30. [30]
  YUK J S, O′REILLY E, FORSTER R J, MACCRAITH B D, MCDONAGH C. Demonstration of surface plasmon-coupled emission using solid-state electrochemiluminescence[J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2011, 513(1/2/3): 112-117
31. [31]
  XIE K X, XU L T, ZHAI Y Y, WANG Z C, CHEN M, PAN X H, CAO S H, LI Y Q. The synergistic enhancement of silver nanocubes and graphene oxide on surface plasmon-coupled emission[J]. Talanta, 2019, 195: 752-756 doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.112
32. [32]
  LI R, LIANG H R, ZHU M F, LAI M S, WANG S M, ZHANG H W, YE H Q, ZHU R K ZHANG W H. Electrochemical dual signal sensing platform for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid and glucose based on copper and cerium bimetallic carbon nanocomposites[J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2021, 139: 107745 doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107745
33. [33]
  LIU C J, WANG X, XU J Y, CHEN Y. Chemical strategy to stepwise amplification of signals in surface plasmon resonance imaging detection of saccharides and glycoconjugates[J]. Anal. Chem., 2016, 88(20): 10011-10018 doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02184
34. [34]
  RAKHI R B, NAYAK P, XIA C, ALSHAREEF H N. Novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on MXene nanocomposite[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6(1): 36422 doi: 10.1038/srep36422
35. [35]
  WANG L, KANG X J, PAN D C. Gram-scale synthesis of hydrophilic PEI-coated AgInS₂ quantum dots and its application in hydrogen peroxide/glucose detection and cell imaging[J]. Inorg. Chem., 2017, 56(11): 6122-6130 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00053
36. [36]
  YANG Q M, LU S Y, SHEN B L, BAO S J, LIU Y S. An iron hydroxyl phosphate microoctahedron catalyst as an efficient peroxidase mimic for sensitive and colorimetric quantification of H₂O₂ and glucose[J]. New J. Chem., 2018, 42(9): 6803-6809 doi: 10.1039/C8NJ00324F
37. [37]
  MAO H, CAI B F, ZHAO B, WANG Z W. Molecule simulation and spectroscopic studies of interaction between Sudan Ⅱ and myoglobin[J]. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2009, 26(11): 1332-1335
1. [1]
  Zifeng LIN , Shanshan GONG , Yang SHA , Zhenmin ZHANG , Changlin YU . Graphene quantum dots/SnS₂ composite nanosheets: Preparation and photocatalytic performance in reducing Cr(Ⅵ). Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(5): 959-968. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250320
2. [2]
  Yu Dai , Xueting Sun , Haoyu Wu , Naizhu Li , Guoe Cheng , Xiaojin Zhang , Fan Xia . Determination of the Michaelis Constant for Gold Nanozyme-Catalyzed Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 351-356. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407052
3. [3]
  Yunping Wei , Xingcen Liu , Meng Lin , Yongqing Huang . 半胱氨酸修饰的金纳米溶胶的光学性质研究. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(10): 268-276. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202509134
4. [4]
  Zhihuan XU , Qing KANG , Yuzhen LONG , Qian YUAN , Cidong LIU , Xin LI , Genghuai TANG , Yuqing LIAO . Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide/ZnS. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1329-1336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230447
5. [5]
  Jiangting Li , Feng Ouyang , Qiang Wang , Shang Zhou , Xixu Bao , Yaqi Cheng , Yifei Yang , Pei Chen , Yipeng Chen , Jiye Zhang , Liang Wang , Haijian Zhong . Schottky junction phototherapy mediated by graphene quantum dots for superior antibacterial performance and rapid wound healing. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(7): 100223-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100223
6. [6]
  Huairou Zhu , Qiaoyi Cen , Dan Yan , Wei Yi , Guosheng Chen , Siming Huang , Gangfeng Ouyang . 基于仿生矿化酶固定纳米探针对血清葡萄糖定量检测的实验新探索. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(5): 330-339. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511041
7. [7]
  Dan LUO , Xingcheng LIU , Dong LI , Tong CHANG . Metal-support interaction effects on CO activation over Co_n/SiO₂ catalysts. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(11): 2337-2344. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250003
8. [8]
  Lina Liu , Xiaolan Wei , Jianqiang Hu . Exploration of Subject-Oriented Undergraduate Comprehensive Chemistry Experimental Teaching Based on the “STS Concept”: Taking the Experiment of Gold Nanoparticles as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 337-343. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405112
9. [9]
  Zeyu XU , Anlei DANG , Bihua DENG , Xiaoxin ZUO , Yu LU , Ping YANG , Wenzhu YIN . Evaluation of the efficacy of graphene oxide quantum dots as an ovalbumin delivery platform and adjuvant for immune enhancement. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1065-1078. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240099
10. [10]
  Qingtao CHEN , Xiangdong SHI , Xianghai RAO , Liying JIANG , Chunxiao JIA , Fenghua CHEN . Catalytic and in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection properties of graphene oxide/gold nanorod assembly. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(1): 120-128. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250091
11. [11]
  Chaolin Mi , Yuying Qin , Xinli Huang , Yijie Luo , Zhiwei Zhang , Chengxiang Wang , Yuanchang Shi , Longwei Yin , Rutao Wang . Galvanic Replacement Synthesis of Graphene Coupled Amorphous Antimony Nanoparticles for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Capacitor. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(5): 2306011-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306011
12. [12]
  Shixin SHI , Zhuohang LIU , Yuan SUN , Jingshen LI , Weixiang CHEN . Synthesis and electrochemical lithium storage performance of high-entropy NiCoSnZnFeS_x and reduced graphene oxide composite. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(9): 1984-1996. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250372
13. [13]
  Zhuo WANG , Junshan ZHANG , Shaoyan YANG , Lingyan ZHOU , Yedi LI , Yuanpei LAN . Preparation and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂-reduced graphene oxide by thermal decomposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1708-1718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240067
14. [14]
  Gaopeng Liu , Lina Li , Bin Wang , Ningjie Shan , Jintao Dong , Mengxia Ji , Wenshuai Zhu , Paul K. Chu , Jiexiang Xia , Huaming Li . Construction of Bi Nanoparticles Loaded BiOCl Nanosheets Ohmic Junction for Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(7): 2306041-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306041
15. [15]
  Yuzi HUANG , Ge FANG , Wei WANG , Yong LI , Minghui CHEN , Nengli ZHANG , Shuzhang XIAO , Qiancheng JIN , Wenquan HUANG , Peng GENG . Cu-IR808 nanoparticles for combined photothermal-photodynamic-chemodynamic therapy of tumor cells. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(11): 2438-2450. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20260226
16. [16]
  Qingtang ZHANG , Xiaoyu WU , Zheng WANG , Xiaomei WANG . Performance of nano Li₂FeSiO₄/C cathode material co-doped by potassium and chlorine ions. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1689-1696. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240115
17. [17]
  Jiahong ZHENG , Jingyun YANG . Preparation and electrochemical properties of hollow dodecahedral CoNi₂S₄ supported by MnO₂ nanowires. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1881-1891. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240170
18. [18]
  Zhuoyue Guo , Jinxin Guo . The Amazing Journey of Glucose. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(2): 279-285. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502082
19. [19]
  Minna Ma , Yujin Ouyang , Yuan Wu , Mingwei Yuan , Lijuan Yang . Green Synthesis of Medical Chemiluminescence Reagents by Photocatalytic Oxidation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 134-143. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310093
20. [20]
  Huihui LIU , Baichuan ZHAO , Chuanhui WANG , Zhi WANG , Congyun ZHANG . Green synthesis of MIL-101/Au composite particles and their sensitivity to Raman detection of thiram. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 2021-2030. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240059

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(94)
HTML views(10)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142