Citation: Wan JIANG, Shiman ZHAO, Wenting ZHANG, Duihai TANG. Mo2N nanoparticles encapsulated with N-doped carbon materials: Synthesis by solvent-free method and hydrogen evolution electrocatalytic performance[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2026, 42(5): 906-916. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250348 shu

Mo2N nanoparticles encapsulated with N-doped carbon materials: Synthesis by solvent-free method and hydrogen evolution electrocatalytic performance

  • Corresponding author: Wenting ZHANG,  Duihai TANG, tangduihai@163.com
  • Received Date: 23 November 2025
    Revised Date: 24 March 2026

Figures(9)

  • Nitrogen-containing organic compounds with varied structures was used as precursors to synthesize N-doped carbon-encapsulated Mo2N nanoparticles via a solvent-free method, systematically evaluating their electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The crystalline structure, the elemental composition, the pore structure, and the microstructure of the materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the choice of nitrogen precursor dictates the crystal structure of the product, thereby exerting a significant influence on HER catalytic performance. Among the samples, MoNC-G, synthesized using guanidine hydrochloride as the precursor, exhibited the best performance: under acidic conditions, it achieved an overpotential of 123 mV and a Tafel slope of 62.8 mV·dec-1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2. Under alkaline conditions, a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 corresponded to an overpotential as low as 76 mV and a Tafel slope of 70.5 mV·dec-1. Stability test results revealed no significant current decay after 10 h of chronoamperometry. Additionally, the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves before and after 1 000 cycles basically overlapped, demonstrating exceptional long-term stability and cycling durability.
  • 加载中
    1. [1]

      WANG C X, GUO W X, CHEN T, LU W Y, SONG Z Y, YAN C C, FENG Y, GAO F M, ZHANG X N, RAO Y P, QIAN L T, XU S M, HUANG G Y, ZHENG Y, YAN W, ZHANG J J. Advanced noble-metal/transition-metal/metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction in water-electrolysis for hydrogen production[J]. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2024, 514: 215899  doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215899

    2. [2]

      YU Y D, LIU R X, SUN Y Y, LIU Z Y, SHI X R, LAI J P, WANG L. Sub-nanometric materials for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Mater. Chem. Front., 2024, 8: 159-178  doi: 10.1039/D3QM00586K

    3. [3]

      ZHOU F, ZHOU Y, LIU G G, WANG C T, WANG J. Recent advances in nanostructured electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Rare Met., 2021, 40: 3375-3405  doi: 10.1007/s12598-021-01735-y

    4. [4]

      PU Z H, AMIINU I S, CHENG R L, WANG P Y, ZHANG C T, MU S C, ZHAO W Y, SU F M, ZHANG G X, LIAO S J, SUN S H. Single-atom catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction: Recent advances and future perspectives[J]. Nano-Micro Lett., 2020, 12: 21  doi: 10.1007/s40820-019-0349-y

    5. [5]

      ZHU S H, PANG H J, SUN Z, ULLAH KHAN S, MUSTAFA G, MA H Y, WANG X M, YANG G X. Polyoxometalate-derived electrocatalysts enabling progress in hydrogen evolution reactions[J]. Dalton Trans., 2024, 53(32): 13248-13279  doi: 10.1039/D4DT01261E

    6. [6]

      XIE S, DONG H, PENG X, CHU P K. Non-precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Innovation Discovery, 2024, 1(2): 11  doi: 10.53964/id.2024011

    7. [7]

      ARSHAD U, TANG J Y, SHAO Z P. Replace platinum for hydrogen evolution reaction in the cathode of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers[J]. SusMat, 2025, 5(2): e70013  doi: 10.1002/sus2.70013

    8. [8]

      THEERTHAGIRI J, LEE S J, MURTHY A P, MADHAVAN J, CHOI M Y. Fundamental aspects and recent advances in transition metal nitrides as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction: A review[J]. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2020, 24(1): 100805  doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100805

    9. [9]

      SHI L, ZHU H Y. Transition-metal nitrides: Pioneering a new era in the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Chem. Catal., 2024, 4(2): 100919

    10. [10]

      ZHANG B L, XU H, CHEN Q, CHEN H Q, HE G Y. ZIF-67 derived Mo2N/Mo2C heterostructure as high-efficiency electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2022, 922: 166216  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166216

    11. [11]

      ZHAO S M, ZHANG W T, TANG D H, XIN S G, ZHAO Z. A molten salt approach for synthesizing Mo2N nanoparticles embedded in N-doped mesoporous carbon as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts[J]. J. Porous Mater., 2025, 32: 1497-1503  doi: 10.1007/s10934-025-01784-z

    12. [12]

      TURACZYY K K, LIAO W J, MOU H, NICHOLS N N, LIU P, CHEN J G. Correlating experimentally determined hydrogen binding energy with hydrogen evolution activity over metal monolayers on molybdenum nitride[J]. ACS Catal., 2023, 13(21): 14268-14276  doi: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04063

    13. [13]

      WANG J G, ZHANG G Y, LIU H, WANG L K, LI Z F. Ru regulated electronic structure of PdxCuy nanosheets for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in wide pH range[J]. Small, 2024, 20(28): 2310277  doi: 10.1002/smll.202310277

    14. [14]

      XIA M, LI S C, ZHANG X F, XIE Z L. Guanosine-assisted synthesis of a core-shell Mo2N/Mo2C/C structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Inorg. Chem. Front., 2023, 10: 7018-7027  doi: 10.1039/D3QI01420G

    15. [15]

      BANG J, MOON I K, KIM Y K, OH J. Heterostructured Mo2N-Mo2C nanoparticles coupled with N-doped carbonized wood to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Small Struct., 2023, 4(8): 2370019  doi: 10.1002/sstr.202370019

    16. [16]

      SONG Y J, YUAN Z Y. One-pot synthesis of Mo2N/NC catalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2017, 246: 536-543  doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.086

    17. [17]

      CENCERRERO J, ROMERO A, DE LUCAS-CONSUEGRA A, DE LA OSA A R, SÁNCHEZ P. Towards metal-free nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels as efficient electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. FlatChem, 2023, 42: 100554  doi: 10.1016/j.flatc.2023.100554

    18. [18]

      SUN J X, GE Q Z, GUO L, YANG Z H. Nitrogen doped carbon fibers derived from carbonization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile as efficient metal-free HER electrocatalyst[J]. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2020, 45(7): 4035-4042  doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.204

    19. [19]

      LIU F, TANG Y, ZHAO J M, BAI Y, CHEN J C, TIAN L L, SHAH S S A, BAO S J. Carbon dots-induced carbon-coated Ni and Mo2N nanosheets for efficient hydrogen production[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2022, 424: 140671  doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140671

    20. [20]

      WANG J B, ZHANG P, FU Y L, ZHANG J, LIU Z T, LIU B L, ZHANG J B, CHEN L. Efficient hydrogen evolution enabled by in-situ synthesis of biphasic Mo2C/Mo16N7 nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods as catalysts[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2024, 972: 172877  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172877

    21. [21]

      ZHAI Z F, ZHANG C Y, CHEN B, LIU L S, SONG H Z, YANG B, ZHENG Z W, LI J Y, JIANG X, HUANG N. A highly active porous Mo2C-Mo2N heterostructure on carbon nanowalls/diamond for a high-current hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Nanomaterials, 2024, 14(3): 243  doi: 10.3390/nano14030243

    22. [22]

      LI S W, DONG B C, ZHANG Y Y, XU P. Synthesis of porous Mo2C/nitrogen-doped carbon nanocomposites for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. ChemistrySelect, 2020, 5(45): 14307-14311  doi: 10.1002/slct.202003639

    23. [23]

      ZHANG X T, JIANG Y W, WANG T Z, WANG C J, WANG D D, QIU Y, ZHANG Y T. Defect-enhanced interface polarization in Mo2N/MoO3 heterostructures for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and coupled power generation[J]. Mater. Futures, 2026, 5(1): 015103  doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ae137d

    24. [24]

      BAMPOKY N A, MEDEIROS S L S, MOURA T A, PASCHOAL A R, VASCONCELOS I F, SANTOS L P M. Synthesis of nanostructured Co3O4 by a surfactant-free hydrothermal method and its application to the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Appl. Phys. A, 2023, 129: 845  doi: 10.1007/s00339-023-07099-7

    25. [25]

      ZHU Y P, CHEN G, ZHONG Y J, ZHOU W, SHAO Z P. Rationally designed hierarchically structured tungsten nitride and nitrogen-rich graphene-like carbon nanocomposite as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst[J]. Adv. Sci., 2018, 5(2): 1700603  doi: 10.1002/advs.201700603

    26. [26]

      JIANG R, FAN J H, HU L Y, DOU Y P, MAO X H, WANG D H. Electrochemically synthesized N-doped molybdenum carbide nanoparticles for efficient catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 261: 578-587  doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.174

    27. [27]

      LU M, GE F, XU W L, JIANG J C, ZHOU M H. N, P-doped coconut shell activated carbon supported Mo2C catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen evolution[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2025, 1036: 181783  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.181783

    28. [28]

      WANG L P, LI K, DING H L, XU L, HUANG C, ZHOU J J, WEN C T, ZHANG P L, WANG W W, CHEN L Y. Honeycomb-like MoCo alloy on 3D nitrogen-doped porous graphene for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. Rare Met., 2024, 43(3): 1072-1082  doi: 10.1007/s12598-023-02500-z

    29. [29]

      GONG S Q, JIANG Z J, SHI P H, FAN J C, XU Q J, MIN Y L. Noble-metal-free heterostructure for efficient hydrogen evolution in visible region: Molybdenum nitride/ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride[J]. Appl. Catal. B‒Environ., 2018, 238: 318-327  doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.040

    30. [30]

      WANG Q Y, ZHANG Y, NI W P, ZHANG Y, SUN T, ZHANG J H, DUAN J F, GAO Y, ZHANG S G. Free-standing phosphorous-doped molybdenum nitride in 3D carbon nanosheet towards hydrogen evolution at all pH values[J]. J. Energy Chem., 2020, 50: 44-51

    31. [31]

      LUO X E, SONG H, REN Y L, ZHANG X M, HUO K F, CHU P K. In-plane heterostructured MoN/Mo2N nanosheets as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. APL Mater., 2023, 11(6): 061118  doi: 10.1063/5.0150039

    32. [32]

      ZHANG X, JI X S, YANG P. MoSe2 nanosheets horizontally implanted on Co-N-doped carbon nanotubes via Mo—N bonding for overall water splitting[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2026, 723: 165666

    33. [33]

      JIN H Y, LIU X, CHEN S M, VASILEFF A, LI L Q, JIAO Y, SONG L, ZHENG Y, QIAO S Z. Heteroatom-doped transition metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. ACS Energy Lett., 2019, 4(4): 805-810  doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00348

    34. [34]

      YANG T T, SAIDI W A. The bell-evans-polanyi relation for hydrogen evolution reaction from first-principles[J]. npj Comput. Mater., 2024, 10: 98  doi: 10.1038/s41524-024-01244-3

    35. [35]

      LV Z, TAHIR M, LANG X W, YUAN G, PAN L, ZHANG X W, ZOU J J. Well-dispersed molybdenum nitrides on a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix for highly efficient hydrogen evolution in alkaline media[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5(39): 20932-20937

    36. [36]

      CAO B F, VEITH G M, NEUEFEIND J C, ADZIC R R, KHALIFAH P G. Mixed close-packed cobalt molybdenum nitrides as non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135(51): 19186-19192  doi: 10.1021/ja4081056

    37. [37]

      WANG W W, LIU C, ZHOU D L, YANG L, ZHOU J B, YANG D R. In-situ synthesis of coupled molybdenum carbide and molybdenum nitride as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2019, 792: 230-239

    38. [38]

      MIAO S J, XU J, ZHANG W T, TANG D H, HUANG Y, WANG J J, ZHAO Z. A solvent-free strategy to synthesize MoS2/Mo2C-embedded, N, S co-doped mesoporous carbon as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution[J]. ChemistrySelect, 2021, 6(22): 5628-5632

    39. [39]

      LIU F J, HUANG K, WU Q, DAI S. Solvent-free self-assembly to the synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous polymers for highly selective capture and conversion of CO2[J]. Adv. Mater., 2017, 29(27): 1700445

    40. [40]

      XU J, MIAO S J, TANG D H, ZHANG W T, ZHAO Z, QIAO Z A. Molten salts strategy for the synthesis of CoP nanoparticles entrapped, N, P co-doped mesoporous carbons as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution[J]. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ., 2022, 38: 237-242

    41. [41]

      WEI P, SUN X P, WANG M H, XU J H, HE Z M, LI X G, CHENG F Y, XU Y, LI Q, HAN J T, YANG H, HUANG Y H. Construction of an N-decorated carbon-encapsulated W2C/WP heterostructure as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in both alkaline and acidic media[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13(45): 53955-53964

    42. [42]

      MURTHY A P, GOVINDARAJAN D, THEERTHAGIRI J, MADHAVAN J, PARASURAMAN K. Metal-doped molybdenum nitride films for enhanced hydrogen evolution in near-neutral strongly buffered aerobic media[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 283: 1525-1533

  • 加载中
    1. [1]

      Hailang JIAYujie LUPengcheng JI . Preparation and properties of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped graphene carbon aerogel supported ruthenium electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(11): 2327-2336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250021

    2. [2]

      Yanqiu LIFang ZHAOYang YANGJing YU . PtRu/N-doped carbon nanofiber: Preparation and hydrogen evolution performance for water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(5): 1003-1014. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250238

    3. [3]

      Kai CHENFengshun WUShun XIAOJinbao ZHANGLihua ZHU . PtRu/nitrogen-doped carbon for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution by water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1357-1367. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230350

    4. [4]

      Yongwei ZHANGChuang ZHUWenbin WUYongyong MAHeng YANG . Efficient hydrogen evolution reaction activity induced by ZnSe@nitrogen doped porous carbon heterojunction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 650-660. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240386

    5. [5]

      Xi YANGChunxiang CHANGYingpeng XIEYang LIYuhui CHENBorao WANGLudong YIZhonghao HAN . Co-catalyst Ni3N supported Al-doped SrTiO3: Synthesis and application to hydrogen evolution from photocatalytic water splitting. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 440-452. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240371

    6. [6]

      Zhaomei LIUWenshi ZHONGJiaxin LIGengshen HU . Preparation of nitrogen-doped porous carbons with ultra-high surface areas for high-performance supercapacitors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 677-685. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230404

    7. [7]

      Ronghui LI . Photocatalysis performance of nitrogen-doped CeO2 thin films via ion beam-assisted deposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1123-1130. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240440

    8. [8]

      Hailang JIAHongcheng LIPengcheng JIYang TENGMingyun GUAN . Preparation and performance of N-doped carbon nanotubes composite Co3O4 as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 693-700. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230402

    9. [9]

      Qiangqiang SUNPengcheng ZHAORuoyu WUBaoyue CAO . Multistage microporous bifunctional catalyst constructed by P-doped nickel-based sulfide ultra-thin nanosheets for energy-efficient hydrogen production from water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1151-1161. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230454

    10. [10]

      Wei SunYongjing WangKun XiangSaishuai BaiHaitao WangJing ZouArramelJizhou Jiang . CoP Decorated on Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposites as Robust Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(8): 2308015-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308015

    11. [11]

      Haodong JINQingqing LIUChaoyang SHIDanyang WEIJie YUXuhui XUMingli XU . NiCu/ZnO heterostructure photothermal electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1068-1082. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250048

    12. [12]

      Wenruo NIHongpeng LIYun ZHANGYiran TIANJiehui RUIYingcheng TONGXiaolin PIZhenyan TANG . Research progress of ruthenium alloy catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(1): 23-44. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250188

    13. [13]

      Zhengyu ZhouHuiqin YaoYoulin WuTeng LiNoritatsu TsubakiZhiliang Jin . Synergistic Effect of Cu-Graphdiyne/Transition Bimetallic Tungstate Formed S-Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312010-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312010

    14. [14]

      Ruyan LiuZhenrui NiOlim RuzimuradovKhayit TurayevTao LiuLuo YuPanyong Kuang . Ni-induced modulation of Pt 5d-H 1s antibonding orbitals for enhanced hydrogen evolution and urea oxidation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(12): 100159-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100159

    15. [15]

      Chengxiao ZhaoZhaolin LiDongfang WuXiaofei Yang . SBA-15 templated covalent triazine frameworks for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(1): 100149-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100149

    16. [16]

      Kai PENGXinyi ZHAOZixi CHENXuhai ZHANGYuqiao ZENGJianqing JIANG . Progress in the application of high-entropy alloys and high-entropy ceramics in water electrolysis. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(7): 1257-1275. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240454

    17. [17]

      Huasen LuShixu SongQisen JiaGuangbo LiuLuhua Jiang . Advances in Cu2O-based Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(2): 2304035-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304035

    18. [18]

      Chunling QinShuang ChenHassanien GomaaMohamed A. ShenashenSherif A. El-SaftyQian LiuCuihua AnXijun LiuQibo DengNing Hu . Regulating HER and OER Performances of 2D Materials by the External Physical Fields. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2307059-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307059

    19. [19]

      Kaihui HuangDejun ChenXin ZhangRongchen ShenPeng ZhangDifa XuXin Li . Constructing Covalent Triazine Frameworks/N-Doped Carbon-Coated Cu2O S-Scheme Heterojunctions for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407020-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407020

    20. [20]

      Zhuo WangXue BaiKexin ZhangHongzhi WangJiabao DongYuan GaoBin Zhao . MOF-Templated Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Enhanced Electrochemical Sodium Ion Storage and Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 100026-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405002

Metrics
  • PDF Downloads(1)
  • Abstract views(66)
  • HTML views(24)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索
Address:Zhongguancun North First Street 2,100190 Beijing, PR China Tel: +86-010-82449177-888
Powered By info@rhhz.net

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return