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Citation: Tingliang MAO, Zhong WANG, Wenquan JIANG, Hao WAN, Chaojian XING, Xu WU, Rong ZHANG, Zhimin REN, Yanping YIN, Ning LI, Guohua LI, Xiaohe LIU. Research progress on synthesis technology for lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2026, 42(4): 668-692. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250319 shu

Research progress on synthesis technology for lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials

  • 1.

    School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China

  • 2.

    GRINM New Energy Materials (Jiangxi) Co., Ltd., Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, China

  • 3.

    China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100055, China

  • 4.

    China Battery Industry Association, Beijing 100055, China

Figures(13)

  • With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and electronic products, energy storage devices are placing higher demands on the energy density of battery cathode materials. Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials (xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiTMO2, TM=Ni, Co, Mn) have attracted significant attention due to their unique anionic redox characteristics and the high specific capacity and low cost resulting from their high manganese content. They have become one of the preferred cathode materials for developing high-energy-density batteries. However, the phase transformation processes and valence changes of elements during their synthesis are not yet fully understood. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic research on how the synthesis process affects electrochemical performance, such as initial Coulombic efficiency, rate capability, and voltage decay. To achieve the controllable preparation of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials, this paper systematically reviews common synthesis methods—including solid-state synthesis, coprecipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal, and spray pyrolysis—along with their characteristics, based on the materials′ unique structures and reaction mechanisms. It systematically elaborates on the relationships between different reactants and reaction conditions, precursor types, and Li sources, the ratio of transition metals to Li sources, sintering oxygen partial pressure, and sintering processes (high-temperature sintering, pre-sintering combined with high-temperature sintering, annealing, and non-isothermal sintering) on material properties. It also comprehensively analyzes the lithium evolution mechanism during material formation (mechanism of interaction between Li source and precursor), phase transformations (Fd3m→R3m→C2/m), elemental oxidation state changes, and defects (oxygen vacancies) on their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. By controlling the reaction conditions during synthesis, the Li2MnO3 domains within the material can be dispersed to mitigate capacity loss caused by lattice oxygen release, reduce defects generated during synthesis, ensure structural stability, and widen lithium-ion diffusion channels. Finally, the research on the synthesis process of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials is summarized, and prospects are discussed.
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