以去离子水为绿色溶剂，Ni (NO₃)₂·6H₂O为镍源，NH₄VO₃为钒源，通过碳酸钠溶液调节沉淀pH值，正丁醇干燥提高比表面积及颗粒分散度，采用改进的共沉淀法制备了相对廉价的钒酸镍负极材料(NVO-NBA)。通过对其微观形貌、比表面积、孔径大小及表面元素分布进行测试，探究了改进共沉淀法对钒酸镍电极材料织构性质的影响。结果表明，沉淀过程中溶液pH值的精准调节及后续加入表面张力较小的醇类溶剂的干燥方式对材料的比表面积、孔径大小、微观结构及颗粒分散度有显著的影响，其中在pH=8的条件下沉淀、后续加入正丁醇辅助干燥得到的样品NVO-8-NBA具有最大的比表面积(86 m²·g^-1)，同时材料形貌为分散度较高、直径较小的球形纳米颗粒。加入乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇等醇类溶剂进行后续干燥得到的钒酸盐材料比表面积均比未加醇处理的样品显著提高，而正丁醇处理的样品效果最好，表明表面张力较小的醇类溶剂可以有效保护共沉淀过程生成的孔道体系，并可使颗粒分散更均匀，同时醇类的碳链长度对其性质也具有显著的影响。未加醇处理的样品NVO-8比表面积仅为20 m²·g^-1，形貌为聚集的大块状。将制备的钒酸镍材料作为锂离子电池的负极材料，其在0.3 A·g^-1的电流密度下，NVO-8-NBA的首圈放电容量可以达到1 519 mAh·g^-1，而NVO-8仅为536 mAh·g^-1。NVO-8-NBA在0.3 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环100次后容量保持在223 mAh·g^-1，而NVO-8仅为70 mAh·g^-1且仍有继续下降的趋势。

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Herein, an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS₄ onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth (CC) substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC composite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites, thereby accelerating the reduction of I₃^-. More importantly, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance (R_s). Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ca. 9.51% (surpassing the ca. 8.15% efficiency of the Pt counter electrode), open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of ca. 0.79 V, short-circuit current density (J_sc) of ca. 18.31 mA·cm^-2, and fill factor (FF) of ca. 0.65. Moreover, after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the CV curve remainedunchanged, indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I^3-/I^-.

自供电光电探测器可在无外部供能时将入射光信号转换为电信号，实现光探测功能。结合低维材料可将自供电光电探测器尺寸缩小至微纳量级，从而进一步实现器件的微型化和集成化。本文介绍了基于自供电技术的低维材料光电探测器的架构及工作原理，总结了当前自供电光电探测器应用进展，讨论了自供电光电探测器未来的发展方向与存在的问题，希望能为新型自供电光电探测器的材料选择和开发提供参考。

储量丰富的甲烷不仅是优质化石燃料，而且是合成高附加值化工产品的核心原料。太阳能推动的甲烷转化过程，为温和环境下直接制取甲醇(CH₃OH)、甲醛(HCHO)等高价值化学品提供了前景十分广阔的途径。然而，该转化过程的核心挑战在于目标产物很容易发生过氧化反应，使得目标产物的选择性处于较低水平，这成为该领域迫切需要突破的关键瓶颈。在此，我们构建了Ir修饰的CdS (Ir_x/CdS)光催化体系，提出通过金属Ir调控关键核心反应中间体的生成种类，是提高目标产物选择性并遏制过氧化的有效策略。通过原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)证实，在甲烷活化过程里，关键中间体的生成种类存在差异，这对产物分布发挥决定性影响。在纯CdS表面CH₄活化生成*CH₃O关键中间体倾向于通过其O原子参与到后续深度氧化反应中，最终生成CO₂等过氧化产物；而负载Ir后，关键反应中间体转变为*CH₃，Ir位点通过局域电子转移促进*CH₃向‧CH₃自由基的转化，生成的‧CH₃自由基与‧OH自由基快速结合定向生成CH₃OH。光催化CH₄转化性能评价结果显示，在60 ℃、0.1 MPa及分子氧为氧化剂作用下，0.50 wt% Ir负载的Ir_0.50/CdS时表现出最佳性能：其含氧液相产物(CH₃OH和HCHO)产率达509.2 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹，总选择性提升至88%。结合X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征技术用于催化材料的表征测试，发现Ir在催化剂表面有两种价态共存(金属态Ir⁰和氧化态Ir⁴⁺)，且以金属态为主导。本工作提出的金属修饰调控中间体生成类型以抑制过氧化的策略，为高效转化甲烷制备高值含氧化学品提供了新思路。

Ni₂CoS₄ was prepared by the liquid-phase method and applied to the benzyl alcohol electro-oxidation reaction (BAOR), demonstrating excellent catalytic activity [with a current density of 271 mA·cm^-2 at 1.40 V (vs RHE)] and long-term stability. The S-anion effect can regulate the charge distribution on the catalyst surface, thereby enhancing the additional adsorption capacity of OH^- at the Co sites. By combining material characterization and theoretical calculations, it can be observed that this process can increase the concentration of the OH* intermediate, accelerate the activation process of the Ni site, and ultimately achieve an improvement in overall activity and stability.