源起于发霉甜苜蓿，脱胎于生化实验室，华法林先生起初作为一种强力灭鼠毒药大杀四方。然而，在进入医药领域的道路上，他却因毒药的身份标签和种种流言而饱受质疑和反对。科学家们揭示了华法林抗凝血的机制，并证明了华法林抗凝治疗对患者的益处。从此，华法林先生以及他的衍生物们成为了抗凝治疗和防治鼠害的前线战士。

作为我国高等化学教育发展的见证者与推动者，《大学化学》自创刊之日起，便肩负起引领教学改革、服务一线教师的重任。四十年风雨兼程，期刊在摸索中成长，离不开几代编委、作者和读者的共同努力。展望未来，我们初心不改，将继续脚踏实地，努力提高质量，让《大学化学》更好地成为化学教师们的良师益友，为建设教育强国贡献一份力量。在此，深切缅怀创刊先驱，并向所有支持者致以最诚挚的谢意！

皮克林乳液——一种由胶体尺寸固体颗粒稳定水油界面所形成的乳液——是科学研究和生活生产的热点话题。本文对“皮克林乳液”这一概念进行科普，介绍了传统乳液和皮克林乳液的基本概念、形成原理、制备方法、实验室表征结果及在光催化等领域的应用等，让大学生、青少年、幼小学生乃至社会大众通过皮克林乳液体会化学之美和化学之趣。

尿素氧化反应(UOR)是一种很有前途的可再生能源生产技术，为电解水制氢提供了有效的替代方案，因此开发高效稳定的UOR催化剂至关重要。本文通过NaBH₄还原和硒化策略合成了富含Co、Mn和Mo的硒化镍催化剂(NiCoMnMo-Se)，该催化剂具有球形纳米颗粒与纳米片共存结构。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见分光光度法(UV-vis)和原位bode相图表明，Mn和Mo的协同效应调节了Ni/Co的电子结构，提高了硒化物的电导率并加速加速电荷转移动力学，从而促进Ni²⁺/Co²⁺快速转变为活性Ni³⁺/Co³⁺，并显著降低了NiCoMnMo-Se的起始电位。在UOR过程中，大部分Mo和Se被氧化成钼酸盐和硒酸盐溶解在电解质中，暴露出更多的Ni(Co)OOH活性位点，从而加快UOR反应。另外，Mn的引入稳固了活性位点，极大地增强催化剂的整体稳定性。正如预期的那样，NiCoMnMo-Se催化剂在UOR过程中表现出优异的电催化和稳定性性能，在仅1.38 V vs. RHE (相对于可逆氢电极)的电位下实现了50 mA·cm⁻²的电流密度，并在50 mA·cm⁻²电流密度下运行50 h后电压仅上升3.0%。当NiCoMnMo-Se和商业Pt/C组装成用于碱性尿素电解的双电极体系时，它只需要1.59 V vs. RHE便达到50 mA·cm⁻²。

The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene (Py) molecules and {[Co₂(BINDI)(DMA)₂]·DMA}_n (Co-MOF, H₄BINDI=N,N′-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide, DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide) was synthesized via a one-pot method, leveraging π-π interactions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity. Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes, achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^-2 along with excellent stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the formation of O^* in the second step is the rate-determining step (RDS) during the OER process on Co-MOF, with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH^* intermediate for Co sites.

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is essential for advancing alkaline hydrogen fuel cells. Here, we report the synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) catalysts with tuned crystallinity and oxidation degree. By combining template-assisted synthesis with controlled thermal treatment, amorphous, partially crystalline, highly crystalline, and partially oxidized Ru products were successfully obtained. Catalysts with moderate crystallinity and partial oxidation exhibit enhanced catalytic activity toward the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. The optimized Ru-RuO₂ catalyst achieved a mass activity of 81.66 mA·mg_Ru^-1, which was 2.27 times that of commercial Pt/C under identical conditions. The improved activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of moderate crystallinity and partial oxidation, which favors a favorable Tafel-Volmer reaction pathway.

本文介绍了诺贝尔化学奖得主、德国化学家卡尔∙齐格勒(Karl Ziegler)的科研历程及贡献以纪念他逝世50周年。Ziegler对科学的热情、独特的思维和卓越的实验能力奠定了他的科学基础。他专注于自由基化合物、多元环化合物和有机金属化合物的研究，他与朱利奥∙纳塔共同发明命名的Ziegler-Natta催化剂对全球聚烯烃工业产生深远影响，造就了上千亿美元的市场。