采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

通过水浴-逆共沉淀法制备磁性催化剂MnFe₂O₄@AC (MFA)，并对其结构和磁性进行了系统表征。结果显示，MnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒包覆在活性炭(AC)表面，构成了多级孔结构。MFA较AC基体材料的比表面积有所下降，但仍高达176 m²·g^-1，平均孔径为8.49 nm。MFA的比磁化强度高达38.92 emu·g^-1，可利用外磁场实现高效固液分离。以MFA为催化剂，在紫外光辅助下活化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)降解盐酸四环素(TC)。研究表明，在紫外光辐照下MFA/PMS体系对TC降解率能够达到97.70%，是无紫外光照射体系的1.2倍；共存阴离子、药剂制度、TC初始质量浓度等因素对系统的催化性能具有显著影响。循环5次之后，降解率仍可达到82.76%。自由基猝灭实验表明，超氧自由基(·O₂^-)和单线态氧(¹O₂)是紫外光辅助MFA/PMS高级氧化体系中的主要活性氧。机理分析表明，MFA的高吸附性为催化降解提供了良好的基础，紫外光辐照和MFA/PMS高级氧化体系的协同效应可显著提升活性基团的生成效率，从而促进了有机分子的降解。

采用一步溶剂热法结合多元表面修饰工艺，以四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)和还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)为核，表面接枝盐酸多巴胺(DA)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十六十八烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(HSB1618)制备双亲性磁性复合材料Fe₃O₄/rGO/PDA(聚多巴胺)/SDBS/HSB(FGPSH)。系统研究了该材料对水体中聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)微塑料(MPs)的吸附行为。结果表明，FGPSH呈纳米多孔球状结构，平均粒径为426.15 nm，平均孔径为33.02 nm。材料表现出优异的超顺磁性，饱和磁化强度高达44.15 emu·g^-1，可通过外加磁场实现快速固液分离。多层表面修饰使FGPSH兼具亲水性和疏水性，并使其在水体中保持高分散性的同时，为不同极性MPs匹配吸附位点，呈现出广谱且高效的选择性吸附行为。在优化条件下(PVC和PET的初始质量浓度均为25 mg·L^-1，溶液pH均为9.0，FGPSH用量分别优化为0.50和0.40 g·L^-1，吸附时间分别为30和80 min)，FGPSH对PVC和PET的吸附率分别达到97.58%和95.30%，对应吸附容量分别为48.75和60.33 mg·g^-1，且经过5次吸附-脱附循环后仍能保持85%以上的吸附率。吸附热力学与动力学研究表明，FGPSH对亲水性PVC的吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型，而对疏水性PET的吸附则遵循Langmuir模型，表明其对不同极性微塑料的吸附机制存在显著差异。