采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

析氢、析氧的动力学过程迟缓，带来电解水制氢能效低、成本高的问题，给绿氢的大规模应用设置了严重障碍。开发具有低成本、高催化性能的催化材料，是突破这一瓶颈问题的关键环节。近年来，高熵材料因其优异的物理和化学性能在各领域受到广泛关注。高的混合熵可以赋予材料大的晶格畸变、显著的迟滞扩散效应和“鸡尾酒”效应，为催化剂的成分设计和性能提升提供了良好平台。高熵材料也因此开始在电解水制氢领域崭露头角，并迅速成为解决绿氢制备低能效问题的一种理想催化剂，是该领域当前的一个研究热点。鉴于此，本文综述了高熵合金和高熵陶瓷在电解水催化方面的研究现状。文章首先基于电解水反应机制，总结了高熵合金、高熵陶瓷催化剂的成分设计和结构调控策略，梳理了用于析氢和析氧催化的不同高熵合金、高熵陶瓷成分体系，介绍了高熵电解水催化剂的合成方法，并对其优缺点进行了评估，最后对该领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望，以期为低成本、高性能高熵电解水催化剂的开发提供新思路，促进绿氢相关技术的研究和发展。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

A photothermal agent (ECEI) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (85.78%) was synthesized based on coumarin fluorescent groups. In addition, the experimental results of hot and cold cycling show that ECEI has good photostability. Despite damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential, ECEI can effectively target mitochondria and induce cancer cell death under laser irradiation. This allows ECEI to maximize mitochondrial damage and thus inhibit tumor cell reproduction. Notable, after irradiating mouse tumors once, the mouse tumors gradually disappeared within 10 d. This indicates that ECEI has an excellent tumor inhibition effect.

水系锌离子电池以其安全可靠、成本低、容量大、环境友好等优点被认为是最有前途的储能体系之一。然而，锌金属负极在水系电解液中通常面临严重的副反应和枝晶生长问题。在锌负极表面构建具有高离子迁移动力学的保护层是构筑高稳定、长寿命锌负极的有效策略。本文中，我们在锌负极表面制备了ZnQ分子筛(BPH拓扑)取向保护层，实现了高离子迁移动力学的稳定锌负极(ZnQ@Zn)的构筑。具有三维有序孔道的ZnQ分子筛在锌箔表面定向排列，为锌离子提供了良好的传导通路，分子筛孔道中的水分子有助于调控锌离子的配位环境，从而提高锌离子的迁移动力学。因此，ZnQ@Zn对称电池在1 mA∙cm⁻²的电流密度下展现出27 mV的超低过电势以及超过1100 h的循环寿命。此外，ZnQ@Zn//NaV₃O₈·1.5H₂O全电池在8 A∙g⁻¹的电流密度下循环1800次后，容量保持率高达96%，展现出优异的循环性能。本研究为构筑高迁移动力学锌负极保护层提供了新思路，并拓展了分子筛材料在储能领域中的应用。

析氧反应(OER)催化剂在催化反应过程中不可避免地会发生表面重构，这一过程使得设计、构筑高性能和高稳定性的OER电催化剂充满挑战。在此，我们采用双金属浸出诱导表面重构的策略，构建了高活性和高稳定性的水氧化电催化剂。在该策略中，通过水热、离子交换和后续的退火工艺处理，将由α-CoMoO₄、K₂Co₂(MoO₄)₃、Co₃O₄和CoFe₂O₄四种氧化物晶相组成的材料阵列转换为OER预催化剂。原位电化学拉曼光谱和非原位X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明，其中的不稳定成分K₂Co₂(MoO₄)₃的快速溶解引发了Mo和K的适度浸出，从而在低电压下加速表面富集的α-Co(OH)₂向CoOOH活性相的转化。此外，CoFe₂O₄相耦合重构产生新相CoO与无定形层CoOOH，从而形成CoFe₂O₄@CoO@CoOOH紧密的多相结构，起到“纳米栅栏”的作用，可有效防止催化剂的过度重构，从而赋予重构后的催化剂优异的催化活性和稳定性。本工作为设计高电流密度下具有优异活性和稳定性的OER催化剂提供了新的思路。