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2026 Volume 42 Issue 5
2026, 42(5): 897-905
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250358
Abstract:
The antibacterial and anti-tumor activities of transition metal complexes bearing pyridyl salicylaldehyde Schiff base were studied. Three complexes [Co(L)2]Cl (1), [Ni(L)2(CH3OH)2] (2), and [Cu(L)2] (3) incorporating a pyridyl salicylaldehyde Schiff base (HL=5-(diethylamino)-2-({[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]imino}methyl)phenol), was synthesized. The structure of HL and complexes 1-3 were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the in vitro antitumor activities of the ligand HL and complex 1-3 were evaluated by MTT assay. The results revealed that both ligand HL and complex 1 exhibited superior inhibitory effects against human ovarian cancer A2780, non-small cell lung cancer A549, and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells compared to cisplatin. Notably, complex 1 showed the strongest activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of (7.8±0.3) μmol·L-1. Subsequent cell scratch assay indicated that the cytotoxicity of complex 1 against MDA-MB-231 cell lines increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing its concentration. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of HL and complexes 1-3 against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) were explored. Results demonstrated that both HL and complexes 1-3 had moderate antibacterial sensitivity to S. aureus and C. albicans. Among them, complex 1 exhibited the best antibacterial effect against S. aureus (extremely sensitive), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.64 mg·mL-1.
The antibacterial and anti-tumor activities of transition metal complexes bearing pyridyl salicylaldehyde Schiff base were studied. Three complexes [Co(L)2]Cl (1), [Ni(L)2(CH3OH)2] (2), and [Cu(L)2] (3) incorporating a pyridyl salicylaldehyde Schiff base (HL=5-(diethylamino)-2-({[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]imino}methyl)phenol), was synthesized. The structure of HL and complexes 1-3 were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the in vitro antitumor activities of the ligand HL and complex 1-3 were evaluated by MTT assay. The results revealed that both ligand HL and complex 1 exhibited superior inhibitory effects against human ovarian cancer A2780, non-small cell lung cancer A549, and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells compared to cisplatin. Notably, complex 1 showed the strongest activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of (7.8±0.3) μmol·L-1. Subsequent cell scratch assay indicated that the cytotoxicity of complex 1 against MDA-MB-231 cell lines increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing its concentration. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of HL and complexes 1-3 against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) were explored. Results demonstrated that both HL and complexes 1-3 had moderate antibacterial sensitivity to S. aureus and C. albicans. Among them, complex 1 exhibited the best antibacterial effect against S. aureus (extremely sensitive), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.64 mg·mL-1.
2026, 42(5): 906-916
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250348
Abstract:
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds with varied structures was used as precursors to synthesize N-doped carbon-encapsulated Mo2N nanoparticles via a solvent-free method, systematically evaluating their electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The crystalline structure, the elemental composition, the pore structure, and the microstructure of the materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the choice of nitrogen precursor dictates the crystal structure of the product, thereby exerting a significant influence on HER catalytic performance. Among the samples, MoNC-G, synthesized using guanidine hydrochloride as the precursor, exhibited the best performance: under acidic conditions, it achieved an overpotential of 123 mV and a Tafel slope of 62.8 mV·dec-1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2. Under alkaline conditions, a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 corresponded to an overpotential as low as 76 mV and a Tafel slope of 70.5 mV·dec-1. Stability test results revealed no significant current decay after 10 h of chronoamperometry. Additionally, the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves before and after 1 000 cycles basically overlapped, demonstrating exceptional long-term stability and cycling durability.
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds with varied structures was used as precursors to synthesize N-doped carbon-encapsulated Mo2N nanoparticles via a solvent-free method, systematically evaluating their electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The crystalline structure, the elemental composition, the pore structure, and the microstructure of the materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the choice of nitrogen precursor dictates the crystal structure of the product, thereby exerting a significant influence on HER catalytic performance. Among the samples, MoNC-G, synthesized using guanidine hydrochloride as the precursor, exhibited the best performance: under acidic conditions, it achieved an overpotential of 123 mV and a Tafel slope of 62.8 mV·dec-1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2. Under alkaline conditions, a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 corresponded to an overpotential as low as 76 mV and a Tafel slope of 70.5 mV·dec-1. Stability test results revealed no significant current decay after 10 h of chronoamperometry. Additionally, the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves before and after 1 000 cycles basically overlapped, demonstrating exceptional long-term stability and cycling durability.
2026, 42(5): 917-924
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20260357
Abstract:
Using 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid as the main ligand (H2L) and incorporating neutral nitrogen-containing ancillary ligands, namely 1, 3-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (1, 3-bib), 1, 4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (1, 4-bix), and 1, 4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane (bbi), three new coordination polymers (1-3) were obtained by solvothermal reactions with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O. Coordination polymer {[Zn2(L)2(1, 3-bib)2]·H2O}n (1) exhibits a 1D double-stranded chain framework structure. Coordination polymer [Zn(L)(1, 4-bix)]n (2) displays a two-fold interpenetrating 2D framework structure. The zinc ions are bridged by L2- ligands to form 1D wavy chains, which are further connected via 1, 4-bix ligands to construct a 2D wavy network structure. Due to the flexibility of the 1, 4-bix ligand, two similar 2D layer structures interpenetrate each other, resulting in a two-fold interpenetrating 2D framework. Coordination polymer {[Zn2(L)2(bbi)2]·0.3DMF}n (3) exhibits a four-fold interpenetrating 3D framework structure. The zinc ions are linked by L2- and bbi ligands to form 1D chains, which are further connected via L2- ligands to form 2D layers. These layers are then bridged by bbi ligands to construct a 3D framework structure. Owing to the presence of channels in the framework, four identical 3D frameworks interpenetrate, forming a more complex four-fold interpenetrating 3D structure. Coordination polymers 1-3 all demonstrate good thermal stability and tunable fluorescence emission properties.
Using 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid as the main ligand (H2L) and incorporating neutral nitrogen-containing ancillary ligands, namely 1, 3-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (1, 3-bib), 1, 4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (1, 4-bix), and 1, 4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane (bbi), three new coordination polymers (1-3) were obtained by solvothermal reactions with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O. Coordination polymer {[Zn2(L)2(1, 3-bib)2]·H2O}n (1) exhibits a 1D double-stranded chain framework structure. Coordination polymer [Zn(L)(1, 4-bix)]n (2) displays a two-fold interpenetrating 2D framework structure. The zinc ions are bridged by L2- ligands to form 1D wavy chains, which are further connected via 1, 4-bix ligands to construct a 2D wavy network structure. Due to the flexibility of the 1, 4-bix ligand, two similar 2D layer structures interpenetrate each other, resulting in a two-fold interpenetrating 2D framework. Coordination polymer {[Zn2(L)2(bbi)2]·0.3DMF}n (3) exhibits a four-fold interpenetrating 3D framework structure. The zinc ions are linked by L2- and bbi ligands to form 1D chains, which are further connected via L2- ligands to form 2D layers. These layers are then bridged by bbi ligands to construct a 3D framework structure. Owing to the presence of channels in the framework, four identical 3D frameworks interpenetrate, forming a more complex four-fold interpenetrating 3D structure. Coordination polymers 1-3 all demonstrate good thermal stability and tunable fluorescence emission properties.
2026, 42(5): 925-932
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250352
Abstract:
A 3D flower-like δ-MnO2 structure, self-assembled from nanosheets was constructed via a simple hydrothermal method. This 3D porous structure effectively captures abundant electrolyte ions and increases the Zn2+ concentration on the electrode surface, thereby optimizing Zn2+ transport pathways and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the interconnected flower-like framework significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of the δ-MnO2 electrode, alleviating volume expansion during cycling and maintaining structural stability. The assembled aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) based δ-MnO2 electrode demonstrated a high discharge specific capacity of 358.2 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 A·g-1 and excellent cycling stability, retaining a discharge specific capacity of 94.9 mAh·g-1 after 1 000 cycles.
A 3D flower-like δ-MnO2 structure, self-assembled from nanosheets was constructed via a simple hydrothermal method. This 3D porous structure effectively captures abundant electrolyte ions and increases the Zn2+ concentration on the electrode surface, thereby optimizing Zn2+ transport pathways and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the interconnected flower-like framework significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of the δ-MnO2 electrode, alleviating volume expansion during cycling and maintaining structural stability. The assembled aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) based δ-MnO2 electrode demonstrated a high discharge specific capacity of 358.2 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 A·g-1 and excellent cycling stability, retaining a discharge specific capacity of 94.9 mAh·g-1 after 1 000 cycles.
2026, 42(5): 933-943
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250334
Abstract:
a Ni2P/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite modified polypropylene (PP) separator was designed to construct an integrated "catalytic-barrier" interface, aiming to facilitate the conversion of lithium polysulfide (Li2Sn) and suppress the shuttle effect. The excellent catalytic properties of Ni2P/CNT effectively accelerate the transformation of Li2Sn and improve the redox kinetics, thereby increasing the utilization of active materials and significantly mitigating the shuttle effect. Batteries employing the Ni2P/CNT/PP separator exhibited superior performance, achieving a high initial discharge specific capacity of 1 281.8 mAh·g-1 at 0.1C (1C=1 675 mAh·g-1). Achieving a high initial discharge specific capacity of 907 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 1C, after 800 cycles, the average capacity decay rate was only 0.047% per cycle, demonstrating excellent cycling stability. Even under the high sulfur loading condition of 4.2 mg·cm-2, the battery with Ni2P/CNT/PP separator could still achieve a high discharge specific capacity of 870.83 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 0.5C, indicating that it has good practical application potential.
a Ni2P/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite modified polypropylene (PP) separator was designed to construct an integrated "catalytic-barrier" interface, aiming to facilitate the conversion of lithium polysulfide (Li2Sn) and suppress the shuttle effect. The excellent catalytic properties of Ni2P/CNT effectively accelerate the transformation of Li2Sn and improve the redox kinetics, thereby increasing the utilization of active materials and significantly mitigating the shuttle effect. Batteries employing the Ni2P/CNT/PP separator exhibited superior performance, achieving a high initial discharge specific capacity of 1 281.8 mAh·g-1 at 0.1C (1C=1 675 mAh·g-1). Achieving a high initial discharge specific capacity of 907 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 1C, after 800 cycles, the average capacity decay rate was only 0.047% per cycle, demonstrating excellent cycling stability. Even under the high sulfur loading condition of 4.2 mg·cm-2, the battery with Ni2P/CNT/PP separator could still achieve a high discharge specific capacity of 870.83 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 0.5C, indicating that it has good practical application potential.
2026, 42(5): 944-958
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250323
Abstract:
To address the limited utilization efficiency of reactive species in conventional single electrochemical systems, we developed an electrochemical activation platform (Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb+PMS) that coupling peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with a Ti/FeCo-Fe2O3-CoFe2O4/SnO2-Sb (named as Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb) composite anode. To overcome the inherent limitations of conventional SnO2-Sb anodes in interfacial reaction kinetics and long-term operational stability, we introduced FeCoO as a key interlayer to build a hierarchical composite electrode. This design leverages the synergistic Fe and Co dual-metal sites to tailor the interfacial microenvironment, thereby achieving simultaneous enhancement in PMS activation efficiency and system stability. Performance evaluation showed that, within the Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb+PMS system, the Ti/Fe-Co/SnO2-Sb anode delivered the best removal and mineralization of methyl orange (MO), with the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) markedly higher than that of the control system. In addition, acidic conditions favor PMS activation and further accelerate the degradation kinetics of MO. Compared with the Ti/SnO2-Sb/PMS system without FeCoO middle layer, the Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb composite exhibited a more pronounced overall performance advantage. Mechanistic studies combining electrochemical analyses, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the improved performance mainly arises from the composite interface effectively promoting direct electron transfer (DET) and strengthening electrochemical PMS activation. During degradation, superoxide radical (·O2-), hydroxyl radical (·OH), sulfate radical (SO4·-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation act synergistically, enabling efficient disruption of the conjugated structure of MO and sustained deep oxidation.
To address the limited utilization efficiency of reactive species in conventional single electrochemical systems, we developed an electrochemical activation platform (Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb+PMS) that coupling peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with a Ti/FeCo-Fe2O3-CoFe2O4/SnO2-Sb (named as Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb) composite anode. To overcome the inherent limitations of conventional SnO2-Sb anodes in interfacial reaction kinetics and long-term operational stability, we introduced FeCoO as a key interlayer to build a hierarchical composite electrode. This design leverages the synergistic Fe and Co dual-metal sites to tailor the interfacial microenvironment, thereby achieving simultaneous enhancement in PMS activation efficiency and system stability. Performance evaluation showed that, within the Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb+PMS system, the Ti/Fe-Co/SnO2-Sb anode delivered the best removal and mineralization of methyl orange (MO), with the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) markedly higher than that of the control system. In addition, acidic conditions favor PMS activation and further accelerate the degradation kinetics of MO. Compared with the Ti/SnO2-Sb/PMS system without FeCoO middle layer, the Ti/FeCoO/SnO2-Sb composite exhibited a more pronounced overall performance advantage. Mechanistic studies combining electrochemical analyses, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the improved performance mainly arises from the composite interface effectively promoting direct electron transfer (DET) and strengthening electrochemical PMS activation. During degradation, superoxide radical (·O2-), hydroxyl radical (·OH), sulfate radical (SO4·-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation act synergistically, enabling efficient disruption of the conjugated structure of MO and sustained deep oxidation.
2026, 42(5): 959-968
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250320
Abstract:
A SnS2 composite nanosheet photocatalyst (GQDs/SnS2) loaded with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was successfully synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The effects of different carbon sources (sodium citrate and citric acid) on the photocatalytic reduction performance of hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) were systematically investigated. The as-prepared materials were comprehensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results confirmed that GQDs were successfully anchored onto the surface of hexagonal-phase SnS2 nanosheets. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that the GQDs/SnS2 composite prepared using sodium citrate as the carbon source exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving a 100% reduction rate of Cr(Ⅵ) within 60 min, whereas pristine SnS2 showed a much lower reduction rate of only 56% under the same conditions. Further analysis indicated that the introduction of GQDs significantly increased the specific surface area of the catalyst, broadened the light absorption range, and effectively promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the photocatalytic reduction performance of Cr(Ⅵ) was markedly enhanced.
A SnS2 composite nanosheet photocatalyst (GQDs/SnS2) loaded with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was successfully synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The effects of different carbon sources (sodium citrate and citric acid) on the photocatalytic reduction performance of hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) were systematically investigated. The as-prepared materials were comprehensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results confirmed that GQDs were successfully anchored onto the surface of hexagonal-phase SnS2 nanosheets. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that the GQDs/SnS2 composite prepared using sodium citrate as the carbon source exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving a 100% reduction rate of Cr(Ⅵ) within 60 min, whereas pristine SnS2 showed a much lower reduction rate of only 56% under the same conditions. Further analysis indicated that the introduction of GQDs significantly increased the specific surface area of the catalyst, broadened the light absorption range, and effectively promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the photocatalytic reduction performance of Cr(Ⅵ) was markedly enhanced.
2026, 42(5): 969-979
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250317
Abstract:
Two thiophene-containing ligands [5, 5′-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2, 2′-bipyridine (tp-by-tp) and 3, 8-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1, 10-phenanthroline (tp-phen-tp)] were designed and synthesized. These ligands were subsequently coordinated with Co(NO3)2·6H2O and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O to yield three discrete metal complexes: [Co(tp-bpy-tp)3](NO3)2, [Ni(tp-bpy-tp)3](NO3)2, and [Ni(tp-phen-tp)3](NO3)2. Subsequently, metal coordination polymers ([Co(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, [Ni(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, and [Ni(tp-phen-tp)3]n) were synthesized via anhydrous FeCl3-catalyzed chemical polymerization. Metal complexes exhibited strong absorption between 250 and 500 nm in dichloromethane, ethanol, and acetonitrile, demonstrating effective visible light responsiveness. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of phenol was systematically evaluated using three polymeric catalysts under simulated phenolic wastewater conditions. The photocatalytic degradation performance of phenol under xenon lamp irradiation for 2 h demonstrated significant efficiency variations among the polymeric catalysts, with degradation rates reaching 74.37% for [Co(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, 62.98% for [Ni(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, and 83.45% for [Ni(tp-phen-tp)3]n, respectively.
Two thiophene-containing ligands [5, 5′-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2, 2′-bipyridine (tp-by-tp) and 3, 8-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1, 10-phenanthroline (tp-phen-tp)] were designed and synthesized. These ligands were subsequently coordinated with Co(NO3)2·6H2O and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O to yield three discrete metal complexes: [Co(tp-bpy-tp)3](NO3)2, [Ni(tp-bpy-tp)3](NO3)2, and [Ni(tp-phen-tp)3](NO3)2. Subsequently, metal coordination polymers ([Co(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, [Ni(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, and [Ni(tp-phen-tp)3]n) were synthesized via anhydrous FeCl3-catalyzed chemical polymerization. Metal complexes exhibited strong absorption between 250 and 500 nm in dichloromethane, ethanol, and acetonitrile, demonstrating effective visible light responsiveness. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of phenol was systematically evaluated using three polymeric catalysts under simulated phenolic wastewater conditions. The photocatalytic degradation performance of phenol under xenon lamp irradiation for 2 h demonstrated significant efficiency variations among the polymeric catalysts, with degradation rates reaching 74.37% for [Co(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, 62.98% for [Ni(tp-bpy-tp)3]n, and 83.45% for [Ni(tp-phen-tp)3]n, respectively.
2026, 42(5): 980-990
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250304
Abstract:
A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) composite substrate was designed and prepared based on Ag nanoparticle-composited ZIF-8-coated perovskite nanocrystals (Ag@CsPbBr3@ZIF-8). This composite substrate exhibited excellent water stability and, compared to a pure Ag substrate, significantly enhanced the Raman signal of pyrene molecules in aqueous solution. Using spectral analysis, a fitting equation was derived, revealing that the composite substrate enabled highly sensitive detection of pyrene with a detection limit of 8.58 μg·L-1. In spiked recovery tests, the recovery rate of pyrene ranged from 97.6% to 109.2%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) between 1.12% and 7.91%. These results indicate that the substrate possesses good reproducibility and specificity for pyrene detection.
A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) composite substrate was designed and prepared based on Ag nanoparticle-composited ZIF-8-coated perovskite nanocrystals (Ag@CsPbBr3@ZIF-8). This composite substrate exhibited excellent water stability and, compared to a pure Ag substrate, significantly enhanced the Raman signal of pyrene molecules in aqueous solution. Using spectral analysis, a fitting equation was derived, revealing that the composite substrate enabled highly sensitive detection of pyrene with a detection limit of 8.58 μg·L-1. In spiked recovery tests, the recovery rate of pyrene ranged from 97.6% to 109.2%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) between 1.12% and 7.91%. These results indicate that the substrate possesses good reproducibility and specificity for pyrene detection.
2026, 42(5): 991-1002
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250302
Abstract:
NaYF4∶Yb, Er up-conversion fluorescent micron-materials (UC MMs) were synthesized via a typical chemical approach by using rare earth stearate as the precursor and ethanol-water-oleic acid mixture as the solvent. Then, using NaYF4∶Yb, Er as the matrix material, 1, 4-phthalic acid (PTA), Eu3+, and 1, 10-phenanthroline (Phen) were sequentially bonded onto its surface to prepare NaYF4∶Yb, Er-(PTA)Eu(Phen) micron-composites (NCs) with dual fluorescence properties. The morphology of the NCs was characterized as micro-rods with nano-spheres attached onto the surface. The NCs exhibited strong ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) absorptions in the ranges of 200-310 nm and 976 nm, respectively. Excited by 254 nm UV and 980 nm NIR light, they could emit 616 nm red down-conversion (DC) and 540 nm green UC fluorescence, respectively. Finally, the micro-suspensions, which were prepared by mixing NCs with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water, were used for latent fingerprint development and dual-mode fluorescent enhancement. After optimization, the mass fraction of NCs was 1.67%, the mass fraction of SDS was 0.50‰, and the development time was 30 s. Experimental results showed that the fingerprint development combined with fluorescent enhancement possessed high contrast, sensitivity, and selectivity. In addition, the type of fluorescent enhancement mode had a significant impact on comparison but little effect on sensitivity or selectivity.
NaYF4∶Yb, Er up-conversion fluorescent micron-materials (UC MMs) were synthesized via a typical chemical approach by using rare earth stearate as the precursor and ethanol-water-oleic acid mixture as the solvent. Then, using NaYF4∶Yb, Er as the matrix material, 1, 4-phthalic acid (PTA), Eu3+, and 1, 10-phenanthroline (Phen) were sequentially bonded onto its surface to prepare NaYF4∶Yb, Er-(PTA)Eu(Phen) micron-composites (NCs) with dual fluorescence properties. The morphology of the NCs was characterized as micro-rods with nano-spheres attached onto the surface. The NCs exhibited strong ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) absorptions in the ranges of 200-310 nm and 976 nm, respectively. Excited by 254 nm UV and 980 nm NIR light, they could emit 616 nm red down-conversion (DC) and 540 nm green UC fluorescence, respectively. Finally, the micro-suspensions, which were prepared by mixing NCs with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water, were used for latent fingerprint development and dual-mode fluorescent enhancement. After optimization, the mass fraction of NCs was 1.67%, the mass fraction of SDS was 0.50‰, and the development time was 30 s. Experimental results showed that the fingerprint development combined with fluorescent enhancement possessed high contrast, sensitivity, and selectivity. In addition, the type of fluorescent enhancement mode had a significant impact on comparison but little effect on sensitivity or selectivity.
PtRu/N-doped carbon nanofiber: Preparation and hydrogen evolution performance for water electrolysis
2026, 42(5): 1003-1014
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250238
Abstract:
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (PNCNFs) were fabricated via electrospinning. Subsequently, a series of PNCNFs-anchored PtRu alloy materials (PtRu/PNCNFs) was prepared via high-temperature carbonization and reduction. Nitrogen doping in carbon nanofibers introduces numerous hydrophilic groups, which can significantly enhance wettability between the material and the electrolyte and further improve ion transport and overall electrochemical performance. At the same time, PNCNF has a relatively large specific surface area by itself. The presence of a PtRu alloy increases the number of active sites to some extent. In addition, the porous structure formed at high temperatures enables uniform dispersion of the PtRu alloy on the material surface, thereby regulating the material's electronic structure, promoting electron transfer, and enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. The results showed that PNCNFs treated at 500 ℃ (PtRu/PNCNFS-500) exhibited excellent HER performance in 1 mol·L-1 KOH and in seawater solutions containing 1 mol·L-1 KOH. At a current density of 10 mA·cm-1, the hydrogen-evolution overpotentials of PtRu/PNCNFs-500 were 15.8 and 18.3 mV, respectively, and the Tafel slopes were 20.58 and 20.65 mV·dec-1, which were much lower than the PNCNFs treated at 300, 400, 600 ℃, and indicated good HER stability.
Porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (PNCNFs) were fabricated via electrospinning. Subsequently, a series of PNCNFs-anchored PtRu alloy materials (PtRu/PNCNFs) was prepared via high-temperature carbonization and reduction. Nitrogen doping in carbon nanofibers introduces numerous hydrophilic groups, which can significantly enhance wettability between the material and the electrolyte and further improve ion transport and overall electrochemical performance. At the same time, PNCNF has a relatively large specific surface area by itself. The presence of a PtRu alloy increases the number of active sites to some extent. In addition, the porous structure formed at high temperatures enables uniform dispersion of the PtRu alloy on the material surface, thereby regulating the material's electronic structure, promoting electron transfer, and enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. The results showed that PNCNFs treated at 500 ℃ (PtRu/PNCNFS-500) exhibited excellent HER performance in 1 mol·L-1 KOH and in seawater solutions containing 1 mol·L-1 KOH. At a current density of 10 mA·cm-1, the hydrogen-evolution overpotentials of PtRu/PNCNFs-500 were 15.8 and 18.3 mV, respectively, and the Tafel slopes were 20.58 and 20.65 mV·dec-1, which were much lower than the PNCNFs treated at 300, 400, 600 ℃, and indicated good HER stability.
2026, 42(5): 1015-1025
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250366
Abstract:
Herein, ratiometric fluorescence-based carbon dots (N-CDs) with blue emission were prepared by using simple one-step hydrothermal methods from benzimidazole and L-tryptophan as precursors. Dual emission peaks were observed at 356 and 442 nm under the excitation wavelength of 303 nm. Upon addition of sulfide ions (S2-), the fluorescence intensity at 442 nm decreased significantly, while that at 356 nm increased. The F442/F356 intensity ratio (where F356 and F442 refer to the fluorescence intensity at 356 and 442 nm, respectively) exhibited a linear relationship with the concentration of S2- (0-60.0 μmol·L-1), and the detection limit was determined to be 0.076 μmol·L-1. The fluorescence detection mechanism was ascribed to the static quenching effect. Furthermore, this fluorescence probe was successfully used for the determination of S2- in real samples with satisfactory recoveries. Finally, the analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) and blue applicability grade index (BAGI) tools indicated the high sustainability of this platform.
Herein, ratiometric fluorescence-based carbon dots (N-CDs) with blue emission were prepared by using simple one-step hydrothermal methods from benzimidazole and L-tryptophan as precursors. Dual emission peaks were observed at 356 and 442 nm under the excitation wavelength of 303 nm. Upon addition of sulfide ions (S2-), the fluorescence intensity at 442 nm decreased significantly, while that at 356 nm increased. The F442/F356 intensity ratio (where F356 and F442 refer to the fluorescence intensity at 356 and 442 nm, respectively) exhibited a linear relationship with the concentration of S2- (0-60.0 μmol·L-1), and the detection limit was determined to be 0.076 μmol·L-1. The fluorescence detection mechanism was ascribed to the static quenching effect. Furthermore, this fluorescence probe was successfully used for the determination of S2- in real samples with satisfactory recoveries. Finally, the analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) and blue applicability grade index (BAGI) tools indicated the high sustainability of this platform.
2026, 42(5): 1026-1038
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250364
Abstract:
To enhance the low-temperature activity and anti-sintering performance of Ni-based catalysts for CO methanation, mesoporous CeO2 supports with a confined structure were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The effects of three Ni loading methods—incipient wetness impregnation, co-precipitation, and bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation—on catalytic performance were systematically compared. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption test, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed the critical influence of the loading method on Ni species dispersion, particle size, and metal-support interaction. The results indicated that all three mesoporous Ni/CeO2 catalysts exhibited excellent anti-sintering properties due to the confinement effect of the support. However, their low-temperature activities differed significantly, primarily determined by the specific state of Ni. In the NC-B catalyst prepared by bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation, the interaction between Ni species and the support was relatively weak. After reduction, this method yielded highly dispersed metallic Ni nanoparticles, increasing the number of low-temperature active sites. Consequently, the NC-B catalyst achieved 98% CO conversion rate and 100% CH4 selectivity at 300 ℃, demonstrating the optimal low-temperature methanation performance.
To enhance the low-temperature activity and anti-sintering performance of Ni-based catalysts for CO methanation, mesoporous CeO2 supports with a confined structure were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The effects of three Ni loading methods—incipient wetness impregnation, co-precipitation, and bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation—on catalytic performance were systematically compared. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption test, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed the critical influence of the loading method on Ni species dispersion, particle size, and metal-support interaction. The results indicated that all three mesoporous Ni/CeO2 catalysts exhibited excellent anti-sintering properties due to the confinement effect of the support. However, their low-temperature activities differed significantly, primarily determined by the specific state of Ni. In the NC-B catalyst prepared by bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel sublimation, the interaction between Ni species and the support was relatively weak. After reduction, this method yielded highly dispersed metallic Ni nanoparticles, increasing the number of low-temperature active sites. Consequently, the NC-B catalyst achieved 98% CO conversion rate and 100% CH4 selectivity at 300 ℃, demonstrating the optimal low-temperature methanation performance.
Syntheses and photocatalytic CO2 reduction properties of heterometallic Ni/Sn and Co/Sn oxo clusters
2026, 42(5): 1039-1047
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250353
Abstract:
In this work, by using diphenylphosphonic acid as ligand and butyltin hydroxide oxide as tin source, reacting with nickel acetate and cobalt acetate respectively, two hexanuclear tin oxo clusters formulated as [(n-BuSn)4 Ni2(μ3-O)2(μ3-OH)2(CH3COO)4(Ph2PO2)6] (1) and [(n-BuSn)4Co2(μ3-O)2(μ3-OH)2(CH3COO)4(Ph2PO2)6] (2) were solvothermally synthesized. Both 1 and 2 were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Spectral experiments revealed that the two complexes have absorptions in the visible region. The optical band gaps for complexes 1 and 2 are 1.90 and 1.79 eV, respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibited photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, and only CO was generated, with rates of 10.01 and 26.89 μmol·g-1·h-1, respectively. CCDC: 2505024, 1; 2505025, 2.
In this work, by using diphenylphosphonic acid as ligand and butyltin hydroxide oxide as tin source, reacting with nickel acetate and cobalt acetate respectively, two hexanuclear tin oxo clusters formulated as [(n-BuSn)4 Ni2(μ3-O)2(μ3-OH)2(CH3COO)4(Ph2PO2)6] (1) and [(n-BuSn)4Co2(μ3-O)2(μ3-OH)2(CH3COO)4(Ph2PO2)6] (2) were solvothermally synthesized. Both 1 and 2 were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Spectral experiments revealed that the two complexes have absorptions in the visible region. The optical band gaps for complexes 1 and 2 are 1.90 and 1.79 eV, respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibited photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity, and only CO was generated, with rates of 10.01 and 26.89 μmol·g-1·h-1, respectively. CCDC: 2505024, 1; 2505025, 2.
2026, 42(5): 1048-1062
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250330
Abstract:
Two complexes [Cd(L)(CH3O)(CH3COO)]·CH3OH·(CH3)2NH (C1) and [Mn(L)Cl2(CH3OH)] (C2) were synthesized by reacting a new imidazole-bearing ligand 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (L) with cadmium and manganese salts, respectively. The ligand was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, while the complexes were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Complex C1 features a 1D zigzag chain structure formed by alternating connections of one ligand and one metal ion. In contrast, complex C2 exhibits a mononuclear molecular structure, where each unit consists of one ligand connected to one manganese ion. Both complexes further form a 3D structure through π-π interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Cell proliferation assays conducted on four tumor cell lines and one normal cell line revealed that both C1 and C2 exhibited significantly stronger inhibition of tumor cell growth compared to the ligand L. Notably, C1 demonstrated superior anti-proliferative activity against A549 and A2780 cells relative to cisplatin, while showing comparable cytotoxicity toward SMMC-7721 cells. Further mechanistic studies indicated that C1 induces apoptosis in both SMMC-7721 and A549 tumor cells, suppresses the invasion and migration of SMMC-7721 cells, and arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.
Two complexes [Cd(L)(CH3O)(CH3COO)]·CH3OH·(CH3)2NH (C1) and [Mn(L)Cl2(CH3OH)] (C2) were synthesized by reacting a new imidazole-bearing ligand 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (L) with cadmium and manganese salts, respectively. The ligand was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, while the complexes were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Complex C1 features a 1D zigzag chain structure formed by alternating connections of one ligand and one metal ion. In contrast, complex C2 exhibits a mononuclear molecular structure, where each unit consists of one ligand connected to one manganese ion. Both complexes further form a 3D structure through π-π interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Cell proliferation assays conducted on four tumor cell lines and one normal cell line revealed that both C1 and C2 exhibited significantly stronger inhibition of tumor cell growth compared to the ligand L. Notably, C1 demonstrated superior anti-proliferative activity against A549 and A2780 cells relative to cisplatin, while showing comparable cytotoxicity toward SMMC-7721 cells. Further mechanistic studies indicated that C1 induces apoptosis in both SMMC-7721 and A549 tumor cells, suppresses the invasion and migration of SMMC-7721 cells, and arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.
2026, 42(5): 1063-1072
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250345
Abstract:
Three zinc(Ⅱ) and cadmium(Ⅱ) coordination polymers, namely [Zn(μ-cada)(bipy)(H2O)]n (1), [Zn(μ3-cada)(phen)·H2O]n (2), and [Cd(μ3-cada)(phen)]n (3), have been constructed hydrothermally at 160 ℃ using bis(4-carboxyphenyl)urea (H2cada), 2, 2′-bipyridine (bipy)/1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), and zinc and cadmium chlorides. The three complexes were fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, element analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that complexes 1-3 form crystals in the monoclinic P21/n, monoclinic I2/a, and orthorhombic Pbcn space groups. These complexes all possess different 1D chain structures. Complexes 1 and 2 demonstrate substantial catalytic efficiency in the Knoevenagel condensation under ambient temperature conditions.
Three zinc(Ⅱ) and cadmium(Ⅱ) coordination polymers, namely [Zn(μ-cada)(bipy)(H2O)]n (1), [Zn(μ3-cada)(phen)·H2O]n (2), and [Cd(μ3-cada)(phen)]n (3), have been constructed hydrothermally at 160 ℃ using bis(4-carboxyphenyl)urea (H2cada), 2, 2′-bipyridine (bipy)/1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), and zinc and cadmium chlorides. The three complexes were fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, element analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that complexes 1-3 form crystals in the monoclinic P21/n, monoclinic I2/a, and orthorhombic Pbcn space groups. These complexes all possess different 1D chain structures. Complexes 1 and 2 demonstrate substantial catalytic efficiency in the Knoevenagel condensation under ambient temperature conditions.
2026, 42(5): 1073-1084
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250328
Abstract:
To investigate the antitumor properties of copper(Ⅱ) complexes, a series of Cu(Ⅱ) complexes (C1-C3) derived from 6, 7-dihydro-5H-quinoline-8-one thiosemicarbazone ligands was designed and synthesized. These complexes exhibited significantly higher potency in inhibiting tumor cell growth in vitro compared to cisplatin. Among them, C3 had the highest antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.42 μmol·L-1. Moreover, C3 effectively inhibited the growth of 3D multicellular spheres. Mechanistically, it induced significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, initiating a dual-pathway cytotoxic effect. On the one hand, it triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits the activity of the related protein, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). On the other hand, it induces mitochondrial dysfunction. These combined stresses ultimately lead to the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells.
To investigate the antitumor properties of copper(Ⅱ) complexes, a series of Cu(Ⅱ) complexes (C1-C3) derived from 6, 7-dihydro-5H-quinoline-8-one thiosemicarbazone ligands was designed and synthesized. These complexes exhibited significantly higher potency in inhibiting tumor cell growth in vitro compared to cisplatin. Among them, C3 had the highest antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.42 μmol·L-1. Moreover, C3 effectively inhibited the growth of 3D multicellular spheres. Mechanistically, it induced significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, initiating a dual-pathway cytotoxic effect. On the one hand, it triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits the activity of the related protein, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). On the other hand, it induces mitochondrial dysfunction. These combined stresses ultimately lead to the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells.
2026, 42(5): 1085-1095
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250321
Abstract:
To develop highly stable and active Ru complex catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, we synthesized Ru complexes bearing rigid pincer-type tridentate NNN (pyrazole-pyridine-pyrazole) ligands and weakly coordinated triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands. The NNN ligands can strongly chelate with the Ru metal center, contributing to the overall robustness of the catalytic system. Meanwhile, PPh3 can easily dissociate to form vacant coordination sites, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. As a result, the Ru(Ⅱ)-NNN complex [Ru(L-NNN)Cl(PPh3)2]Cl (1, L-NNN=2,6-bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) was not only quite stable, but also showed high activity for CO2 hydrogenation to formate, achieving a TON of up to 150 000. In the mechanism study, based on the results of in-situ NMR, in-situ HPLC-HRMS spectra, and density functional theory calculations, it is speculated that the active intermediates with empty coordination sites are highly active species in CO2 hydrogenation.
To develop highly stable and active Ru complex catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, we synthesized Ru complexes bearing rigid pincer-type tridentate NNN (pyrazole-pyridine-pyrazole) ligands and weakly coordinated triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands. The NNN ligands can strongly chelate with the Ru metal center, contributing to the overall robustness of the catalytic system. Meanwhile, PPh3 can easily dissociate to form vacant coordination sites, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. As a result, the Ru(Ⅱ)-NNN complex [Ru(L-NNN)Cl(PPh3)2]Cl (1, L-NNN=2,6-bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) was not only quite stable, but also showed high activity for CO2 hydrogenation to formate, achieving a TON of up to 150 000. In the mechanism study, based on the results of in-situ NMR, in-situ HPLC-HRMS spectra, and density functional theory calculations, it is speculated that the active intermediates with empty coordination sites are highly active species in CO2 hydrogenation.
2026, 42(5): 1096-1112
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250311
Abstract:
Bi2O3@BiVO4 composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi2O3 was grown on the surface of BiVO4 by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi2O3@BiVO4. The Bi2O3@BiVO4 composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m2·g-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.
Bi2O3@BiVO4 composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi2O3 was grown on the surface of BiVO4 by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi2O3@BiVO4. The Bi2O3@BiVO4 composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m2·g-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.
2026, 42(5): 1113-1120
doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250298
Abstract:
To address the challenges of poor solubility and difficult recyclability of powdered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a Eu-based MOF complex, [EuNa(L)(H2O)3]·2H2O (Eu/Na-MOF), was synthesized by the hydrothermal method using 3,5-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (H4L) as the ligand in this study. Systematic characterization and performance evaluation revealed that the complex exhibits a unique 3D structure, high phase purity, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding luminescent properties. Furthermore, the complex was encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to fabricate a flexible and water-washable composite fluorescent film (Eu/Na-MOF/PMMA). Based on static and dynamic quenching mechanisms, respectively, the film enables reversible detection of tryptamine and Cr2O72- ions in aqueous solutions, demonstrating high selectivity, stability, and portability.
To address the challenges of poor solubility and difficult recyclability of powdered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a Eu-based MOF complex, [EuNa(L)(H2O)3]·2H2O (Eu/Na-MOF), was synthesized by the hydrothermal method using 3,5-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (H4L) as the ligand in this study. Systematic characterization and performance evaluation revealed that the complex exhibits a unique 3D structure, high phase purity, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding luminescent properties. Furthermore, the complex was encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to fabricate a flexible and water-washable composite fluorescent film (Eu/Na-MOF/PMMA). Based on static and dynamic quenching mechanisms, respectively, the film enables reversible detection of tryptamine and Cr2O72- ions in aqueous solutions, demonstrating high selectivity, stability, and portability.
