Citation: Xiaojing Tian, Zhichun Huang, Qingsong Zhang, Xu Wang, Ning Yang, Nanping Deng. PNIPAm Thermo-Responsive Nanofibers Mats: Morphological Stability and Response Behavior under Cross-Linking[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2024, 40(4): 230403. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304037 shu

PNIPAm Thermo-Responsive Nanofibers Mats: Morphological Stability and Response Behavior under Cross-Linking

Xiaojing Tian ^1,2 ,
Zhichun Huang ³ ,
Qingsong Zhang ^1,4,, ,
Xu Wang ⁵ ,
Ning Yang ^1,2 ,
Nanping Deng ³

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
2.
State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin 300387, China;
3.
School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
4.
Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai 265706, Shandong Province, China;
5.
Lining(China) Sports Goods, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China

Corresponding author: Qingsong Zhang, zqs8011@163.com
Received Date: 20 April 2023
Revised Date: 19 June 2023
Accepted Date: 23 June 2023

Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173060), Science and Technology Guidance Projects of China National Textile and Apparel Council (2018034), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022ME095), Fiber Research Foundation of Tiangong University (TGF-21-B5), and Research Plan of Combining Medicine with Engineering of Tiangong University (2021YGJHLX03).

Since 2004, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) cross-linked thermo-responsive nanofibers mats have emerged as a responsive material with a phase transition temperature that can be easily controlled. These mats overcome the limitations, such as a high production cost and slow response rate, of huge traditional PNIPAm hydrogels. They also overcome the poor water resistance of PNIPAm non-cross-linked thermo-responsive nanofibers and, thus, have been widely studied. In 2017, continuous PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers in pure aqueous solvents without beads were fabricated, which began the ecological and water-based era of uniform PNIPAm nanofiber production. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the effects of physical and chemical cross-linking reaction types, cross-linking degree, cross-linking time, and cross-linking molecular weight on the morphological stability and response behavior of PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers mats, providing theoretical support for their future cross-linking treatment. Because of their high specific surface area and porosity, PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers mats are vulnerable to solvent erosion before cross-linking, which damage their morphology and reduce response rates and usage times. Increased water resistance and can be utilized repeatedly, by introducing cross-linking groups to these mats, such as in drug release, cell culture, drivers, and smart switches. Chemical cross-linking are more stable than physical cross-linking and can be divided into crosslinkers, chemical reactive cross-linking, and other cross-linking. The cross-linking networks produced by a cross-linking agent are more robust; however, the resulting nanofibers mats are not applicable to the human body owing to the small, non-degradable harmful molecules, such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (GA). Random 3D networks generated by physical cross-linking are easier to break but relatively safe and pollution-free. The morphological stability and response behavior of PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers mats are affected by the cross-linking. The cross-linking agent content and the cross-linking time are positively correlated with the morphological stability of PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers mats. This is conducive to multiple recycling but has little effect on the response rate. Greener and more reliable cross-linking methods should be investigated to realize and expand the practical applications of PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers mats, with increasing focus on the effect of cross-linking on the mechanical properties of the mats. We hope this review will result in ideas for improving the development and application of PNIPAm thermo-responsive nanofibers mats.
- PNIPAm,
- Nanofibers mat,
- Morphological stability,
- Responsiveness,
- Water resistance
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