Citation: Mengdi Zhang, Bei Chen, Mingbo Wu. Research Progress in Graphene as Sulfur Hosts in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(2): 210100. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202101001 shu

Research Progress in Graphene as Sulfur Hosts in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong Province, China

Corresponding author: Mingbo Wu, wumb@upc.edu.cn
Received Date: 4 January 2021
Revised Date: 26 January 2021
Accepted Date: 27 January 2021
Available Online: 8 February 2021
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22005341the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation ZR2018ZC1458the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation ZR2020QB128the YanKuang Group Co., Ltd. Technology Project YKKJ2019AJ08JG-R63the Taishan Scholar Project ts201712020the Technological Leading Scholar of 10000 Talent Project W03020508

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered to be one of the most promising new-generation energy storage devices, owing to their ultra-high theoretical energy density and the merits of sulfur cathodes, which include natural abundance, low cost, and no toxicity. However, the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries is still subject to various intractable challenges. First, the insulation of sulfur and its solid discharge products (Li₂S₂/Li₂S) leads to low utilization of the active materials. Second, the cathode suffers from an 80% volume expansion after the discharge process, which adversely affects its structural stability. Finally, intermediary lithium polysulfides can easily dissolve into the electrolyte, which can trigger the "shuttle effect." This results in the loss of active materials, fast capacity fading, and low Coulombic efficiency. Graphene has garnered significant interest as a host material to accommodate sulfur for high-performance lithium-sulfur battery. A graphene host featuring a high specific surface area, excellent conductivity, and excellent mechanical stability can ensure a good electrical contact between the sulfur species and the current collector and withstand the volumetric strain of the electrode during cycling. Unfortunately, lithium polysulfides are still prone to escape from cathodes owing to the open two-dimensional (2D) plane structure of graphene sheets. To address this issue, various graphene-based materials with unique structures and chemical compositions have been trialed as sulfur hosts. In this review, we summarize research progress regarding three-dimensional (3D) graphene, graphene with modified surface chemistry, graphene-based composites, and graphene-based flexible materials as sulfur hosts for lithium-sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we analyze the challenges of applying graphene host materials in high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. This review is mainly divided into four parts: (1) 3D graphene materials as sulfur hosts: the interconnected 3D porous network structure assembled from 2D graphene sheets provides a half-enclosed cavity to accommodate sulfur and its discharge products, which can inhibit the diffusion of lithium polysulfides to a certain extent. (2) Graphene materials with modified surface chemistry as sulfur hosts: hydrophilic surface functional groups and doped non-metal or metal heteroatoms on graphene can chemically adsorb polar lithium polysulfides. (3) Graphene-based composites as sulfur hosts: in various graphene-based composites, graphene usually functions as a conductive and flexible substrate. Other components, such as other types of carbon or metal compounds, can play an important role in restricting lithium polysulfides and propelling their reaction kinetics. (4) Flexible graphene-sulfur electrodes: the excellent flexibility and conductivity of graphene endowed it and its composites with a broad range of prospective applications regarding flexible lithium-sulfur batteries.
- Lithium-sulfur battery,
- Sulfur host,
- Graphene,
- Graphene-based composite,
- Flexible cathode
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142