Citation: Xiaoting Liu, Jincan Zhang, Heng Chen, Zhongfan Liu. Synthesis of Superclean Graphene[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(1): 201204. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202012047 shu

Synthesis of Superclean Graphene

Xiaoting Liu ^{1, 2, 3} ,
Jincan Zhang ^{1, 2, 3} ,
Heng Chen ^{1, 3} ,
Zhongfan Liu ^{1, 3,,}

1.
Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3.
Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China

Corresponding author: Zhongfan Liu, zfliu@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 17 December 2020
Revised Date: 4 January 2021
Accepted Date: 5 January 2021
Available Online: 12 January 2021
Fund Project: the National Key Basic Research Program of China 2016YFA0200103the National Key Basic Research Program of China 2018YFA0703502the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51520105003the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52072042Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences BNLMS-CXTD-202001Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project Z18110300480001Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project Z18110300480002

Graphene has attracted enormous interest in both academic and industrial fields, owing to its unique, extraordinary properties and significant potential applications. Various methods have been developed to synthesize high-quality graphene, among which chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the most encouraging for scalable graphene film production with promising quality, controllability, and uniformity. However, a gap still exists between ideal graphene, having remarkable properties, and the currently available CVD-derived graphene films. To close this gap, numerous studies in the past decade have been devoted to decreasing defect density, grain boundaries, and wrinkles, and increasing the controllability of layer thickness and doping of graphene. Significant recent advances in this regard were the discovery of the inevitable contamination of graphene surface during high-temperature CVD growth and the synthesis of superclean graphene, representing a new growth frontier in CVD graphene research. Surface contamination of graphene is a major hurdle in probing its intrinsic properties, and strongly hinders its applications, for instance, in electrical and photonic devices. In this review, we aim to provide comprehensive knowledge on the inevitable contamination of CVD graphene and current synthesis strategies for preparing superclean graphene films, and an outlook for the future mass production of high-quality superclean graphene films. First, we focus on surface contamination formation, e.g. amorphous carbon, during the high-temperature CVD growth process of graphene. After introducing evidence to confirm the origin of surface contamination, the formation mechanism of the amorphous carbon is thoroughly discussed. Meanwhile, the influence of the intrinsic cleanness of graphene on the peeling and transfer quality is also revealed. Second, we summarize the state-of-the-art superclean growth strategies and classify them into direct-growth approaches and post-growth treatment approaches. For the former, modification of the CVD gas-phase reactions, for example, using metal-vapor-assisted methods or cold-wall CVD, is effective in inhibiting the formation of amorphous carbon. For the latter, both chemical and physical cleaning methods are employed to eliminate amorphous carbon without damaging the graphene, e.g. selective etching of as-formed amorphous carbon using CO₂, and removal of amorphous carbon from the graphene surface using a lint roller based on interfacial force control. Third, we summarize the outstanding electrical, optical, and thermal properties of superclean graphene. Superclean graphene exhibits high carrier mobility, low contact resistance, high transparency, and high thermal conductivity, further highlighting the significance of superclean graphene growth. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the industrial production of high-quality superclean graphene are discussed.
- Chemical vapor deposition,
- Superclean graphene,
- Origin of surface contamination,
- Growth strategies,
- Extraordinary property
1. [1]
  Neto, A. C.; Guinea, F.; Peres, N. M.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2009, 81, 109. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109 doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109
2. [2]
  Du, X.; Skachko, I.; Barker, A.; Andrei, E. Y. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 491. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.199 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.199
3. [3]
  Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; Bao, W.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D.; Miao, F.; Lau, C. N. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 902. doi: 10.1021/nl0731872 doi: 10.1021/nl0731872
4. [4]
  Nair, R. R.; Blake, P.; Grigorenko, A. N.; Novoselov, K. S.; Booth, T. J.; Stauber, T.; Peres, N. M.; Geim, A. K. Science 2008, 320, 1308. doi: 10.1126/science.1156965 doi: 10.1126/science.1156965
5. [5]
  Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar, J. W.; Hone, J. Science 2008, 321, 385. doi: 10.1126/science.1157996 doi: 10.1126/science.1157996
6. [6]
  Novoselov, K. S.; Fal'ko, V. I.; Colombo, L.; Gellert, P. R.; Schwab, M. G.; Kim, K. Nature 2012, 490, 192. doi: 10.1038/nature11458 doi: 10.1038/nature11458
7. [7]
  Ferrari, A. C.; Bonaccorso, F.; Fal'ko, V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Roche, S.; Boggild, P.; Borini, S.; Koppens, F. H. L.; Palermo, V.; Pugno, N.; et al. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 4598. doi: 10.1039/c4nr01600a doi: 10.1039/c4nr01600a
8. [8]
  Bonaccorso, F.; Colombo, L.; Yu, G.; Stoller, M.; Tozzini, V.; Ferrari, A. C.; Ruoff, R. S.; Pellegrini, V. Science 2015, 347, 1246501. doi: 10.1126/science.1246501 doi: 10.1126/science.1246501
9. [9]
  Neumaier, D.; Pindl, S.; Lemme, M. C. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 525. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0359-7 doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0359-7
10. [10]
  Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. Science 2004, 306, 666. doi: 10.1126/science.1102896 doi: 10.1126/science.1102896
11. [11]
  Voiry, D.; Yang, J.; Kupferberg, J.; Fullon, R.; Lee, C.; Jeong, H. Y.; Shin, H. S.; Chhowalla, M. Science 2016, 353, 1413. doi: 10.1126/science.aah3398 doi: 10.1126/science.aah3398
12. [12]
  Hernandez, Y.; Nicolosi, V.; Lotya, M.; Blighe, F. M.; Sun, Z.; De, S.; McGovern, I. T.; Holland, B.; Byrne, M.; Gun'ko, Y. K.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 563. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.215 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.215
13. [13]
  Huang, H.; Chen, W.; Chen, S.; Wee, A. T. S. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 2513. doi: 10.1021/nn800711v doi: 10.1021/nn800711v
14. [14]
  Berger, C.; Song, Z.; Li, X.; Wu, X.; Brown, N.; Naud, C.; Mayou, D.; Li, T.; Hass, J.; Marchenkov, A. N.; et al. Science 2006, 312, 1191. doi: 10.1126/science.1125925 doi: 10.1126/science.1125925
15. [15]
  Li, X.; Cai, W.; An, J.; Kim, S.; Nah, J.; Yang, D.; Piner, R.; Velamakanni, A.; Jung, I.; Tutuc, E.; et al. Science 2009, 324, 1312. doi: 10.1126/science.1171245 doi: 10.1126/science.1171245
16. [16]
  Kim, K. S.; Zhao, Y.; Jang, H.; Lee, S. Y.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. S.; Ahn, J. -H.; Kim, P.; Choi, J. -Y.; Hong, B. H. Nature 2009, 457, 706. doi: 10.1038/nature07719 doi: 10.1038/nature07719
17. [17]
  Lin, L.; Peng, H.; Liu, Z. F. Nat. Mater. 2019, 18, 520. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0341-4 doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0341-4
18. [18]
  Kong, W.; Kum, H.; Bae, S. -H.; Shim, J.; Kim, H.; Kong, L.; Meng, Y.; Wang, K.; Kim, C.; Kim, J. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019, 14, 927. doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0555-2 doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0555-2
19. [19]
  Pulizzi, F.; Bubnova, O.; Milana, S.; Schilter, D.; Abergel, D.; Moscatelli, A. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019, 14, 914. doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0552-5 doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0552-5
20. [20]
  Kim, H.; Song, I.; Park, C.; Son, M.; Hong, M.; Kim, Y.; Kim, J. S.; Shin, H. -J.; Baik, J.; Choi, H. C. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 6575. doi: 10.1021/nn402847w doi: 10.1021/nn402847w
21. [21]
  Huang, P.; Ruiz-Vargas, C.; Zande, A.; Whitney, W.; Levendorf, M.; Kevek, J.; Garg, S.; Alden, J.; Hustedt, C.; Zhu, Y.; et al. Nature 2011, 469, 389. doi: 10.1038/nature09718 doi: 10.1038/nature09718
22. [22]
  Yu, Q.; Jauregui, L.; Wu, W.; Colby, R.; Tian, J.; Su, Z.; Cao, H.; Liu, Z.; Pandey, D.; Wei, D.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 443. doi: 10.1038/nmat3010 doi: 10.1038/nmat3010
23. [23]
  Ni, G. -X.; Zheng, Y.; Bae, S.; Kim, H. R.; Pachoud, A.; Kim, Y. S.; Tan, C. -L.; Im, D.; Ahn, J. -H.; Hong, B. H.; et al. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 1158. doi: 10.1021/nn203775x doi: 10.1021/nn203775x
24. [24]
  Deng, B.; Hou, Y.; Liu, Y.; Khodkov, T.; Goossens, S.; Tang, J.; Wang, Y.; Yan, R.; Du, Y.; Koppens, F. H.; et al. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 6798. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02785 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02785
25. [25]
  Lin, L.; Deng, B.; Sun, J. Y.; Peng, H. L.; Liu, Z. F. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 9281. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00325 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00325
26. [26]
  Zhang, J.; Sun, L.; Jia, K.; Liu, X.; Cheng, T.; Peng, H.; Lin, L.; Liu, Z. F. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 10796. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06141 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06141
27. [27]
  Fang, W.; Hsu, A. L.; Song, Y.; Kong, J. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 20335. doi: 10.1039/c5nr04756k doi: 10.1039/c5nr04756k
28. [28]
  Huang, M.; Bakharev, P. V.; Wang, Z. -J.; Biswal, M.; Yang, Z.; Jin, S.; Wang, B.; Park, H. J.; Li, Y.; Qu, D.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2020, 15, 289. doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0622-8 doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0622-8
29. [29]
  Xue, Y.; Wu, B.; Jiang, L.; Guo, Y.; Huang, L.; Chen, J.; Tan, J.; Geng, D.; Luo, B.; Hu, W.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 11060. doi: 10.1021/ja302483t doi: 10.1021/ja302483t
30. [30]
  Lin, L.; Li, J.; Yuan, Q.; Li, Q.; Zhang, J.; Sun, L.; Rui, D.; Chen, Z.; Jia, K.; Wang, M.; et al. Sci. Adv. 2019, 5, eaaw8337. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8337 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8337
31. [31]
  Vlassiouk, I. V.; Stehle, Y.; Pudasaini, P. R.; Unocic, R. R.; Rack, P. D.; Baddorf, A. P.; Ivanov, I. N.; Lavrik, N. V.; List, F.; Gupta, N.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2018, 17, 318. doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0019-3 doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0019-3
32. [32]
  Xu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Dong, J.; Yi, D.; Niu, J.; Wu, M.; Lin, L.; Yin, R.; Li, M.; Zhou, J.; et al. Sci. Bull. 2017, 62, 1074. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.07.005 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.07.005
33. [33]
  Hao, Y.; Bharathi, M. S.; Wang, L.; Liu, Y.; Chen, H.; Nie, S.; Wang, X.; Chou, H.; Tan, C.; Fallahazad, B.; et al. Science 2013, 342, 720. doi: 10.1126/science.1243879 doi: 10.1126/science.1243879
34. [34]
  Zhou, H.; Yu, W. J.; Liu, L.; Cheng, R.; Chen, Y.; Huang, X.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2096. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3096 doi: 10.1038/ncomms3096
35. [35]
  Jiang, B.; Sun, J.; Liu, Z. F. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37, 2007068. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007068
36. [36]
  Deng, B.; Pang, Z.; Chen, S.; Li, X.; Meng, C.; Li, J.; Liu, M.; Wu, J.; Qi, Y.; Dang, W.; et al. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 12337. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06196 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06196
37. [37]
  Li, B. -W.; Luo, D.; Zhu, L.; Zhang, X.; Jin, S.; Huang, M.; Ding, F.; Ruoff, R. S. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1706504. doi: 10.1002/adma.201706504 doi: 10.1002/adma.201706504
38. [38]
  Yuan, G.; Lin, D.; Wang, Y.; Huang, X.; Chen, W.; Xie, X.; Zong, J.; Yuan, Q. -Q.; Zheng, H.; Wang, D.; et al. Nature 2020, 577, 204. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1870-3 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1870-3
39. [39]
  Jia, Y.; Gong, X.; Peng, P.; Wang, Z.; Tian, Z.; Ren, L.; Fu, Y.; Zhang, H. Nano-Micro Lett. 2016, 8, 336. doi: 10.1007/s40820-016-0093-5 doi: 10.1007/s40820-016-0093-5
40. [40]
  Zhang, Z.; Du, J.; Zhang, D.; Sun, H.; Yin, L.; Ma, L.; Chen, J.; Ma, D.; Cheng, H. -M.; Ren, W. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14560. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14560 doi: 10.1038/ncomms14560
41. [41]
  Pettes, M. T.; Jo, I.; Yao, Z.; Shi, L. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1195. doi: 10.1021/nl104156y doi: 10.1021/nl104156y
42. [42]
  Matković, A.; Ralević, U.; Chhikara, M.; Jakovljević, M. M.; Jovanović, D.; Bratina, G.; Gajić, R. J. Appl. Phys. 2013, 114, 093505. doi: 10.1063/1.4819967 doi: 10.1063/1.4819967
43. [43]
  Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Kozbial, A.; Shenoy, G.; Zhou, F.; McGinley, R.; Ireland, P.; Morganstein, B.; Kunkel, A.; Surwade, S. P.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 925. doi: 10.1038/nmat3709 doi: 10.1038/nmat3709
44. [44]
  Kim, Y.; Cruz, S. S.; Lee, K.; Alawode, B. O.; Choi, C.; Song, Y.; Johnson, J. M.; Heidelberger, C.; Kong, W.; Choi, S.; et al. Nature 2017, 544, 340. doi: 10.1038/nature22053 doi: 10.1038/nature22053
45. [45]
  Zheng, L.; Chen, Y.; Li, N.; Zhang, J.; Liu, N.; Liu, J.; Dang, W.; Deng, B.; Li, Y.; Gao, X.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 541. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14359-0 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14359-0
46. [46]
  Han, Y.; Fan, X.; Wang, H.; Zhao, F.; Tully, C. G.; Kong, J.; Yao, N.; Yan, N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2020, 117, 1009. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1919114117 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1919114117
47. [47]
  Hong, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J.; Qiao, R.; Yao, F.; Cheng, Y.; Wu, C.; Lin, L.; Jia, K.; Zhao, Y.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 14952. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b09353 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b09353
48. [48]
  Lin, Y. -C.; Lu, C. -C.; Yeh, C. -H.; Jin, C.; Suenaga, K.; Chiu, P. -W. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 414. doi: 10.1021/nl203733r doi: 10.1021/nl203733r
49. [49]
  Leong, W. S.; Wang, H.; Yeo, J.; Martin-Martinez, F. J.; Zubair, A.; Shen, P. -C.; Mao, Y.; Palacios, T.; Buehler, M. J.; Hong, J. -Y.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 867. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08813-x doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08813-x
50. [50]
  Lin, Y. -C.; Jin, C.; Lee, J. -C.; Jen, S. -F.; Suenaga, K.; Chiu, P. -W. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 2362. doi: 10.1021/nn200105j doi: 10.1021/nn200105j
51. [51]
  Wang, X.; Dolocan, A.; Chou, H.; Tao, L.; Dick, A.; Akinwande, D.; Wilison, C. G. Chem. Mat. 2017, 29, 2033. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03875 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03875
52. [52]
  Li, W.; Liang, Y.; Yu, D.; Peng, L.; Pernstich, K. P.; Shen, T.; Walker, A. R. H.; Cheng, G.; Hacker, C. A.; Richter, C. A.; et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 102, 183110. doi: 10.1063/1.4804643 doi: 10.1063/1.4804643
53. [53]
  Moser, J.; Barreiro, A.; Bachtold, A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 163513. doi: 10.1063/1.2789673 doi: 10.1063/1.2789673
54. [54]
  Cheng, H. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1909042. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201909042
55. [55]
  Schuenemann, C.; Schaeffel, F.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Queitsch, U.; Sparing, M.; Rellinghaus, B.; Lafdi, K.; Schultz, L.; Buechner, B.; Ruemmeli, M. H. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 8928. doi: 10.1021/nn2031066 doi: 10.1021/nn2031066
56. [56]
  Lin, L.; Zhang, J.; Su, H.; Li, J.; Sun, L.; Wang, Z.; Xu, F.; Liu, C.; Lopatin, S.; Zhu, Y.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 1912. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09565-4 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09565-4
57. [57]
  Zhang, J.; Lin, L.; Sun, L.; Huang, Y.; Koh, A. L.; Dang, W.; Yin, J.; Wang, M.; Tan, C.; Li, T.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1700639. doi: 10.1002/adma.201700639 doi: 10.1002/adma.201700639
58. [58]
  Zhang, J.; Jia, K.; Lin, L.; Zhao, W.; Quang, H. T.; Sun, L.; Li, T.; Li, Z.; Liu, X.; Zheng, L.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 14446. doi: 10.1002/anie.201905672 doi: 10.1002/anie.201905672
59. [59]
  Su, W.; Kumar, N.; Dai, N.; Roy, D. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 8227. doi: 10.1039/C6CC01990K doi: 10.1039/C6CC01990K
60. [60]
  Li, X.; Cai, W.; Colombo, L.; Ruoff, R. S. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 4268. doi: 10.1021/nl902515k doi: 10.1021/nl902515k
61. [61]
  Zhang, X.; Li, H.; Ding, F. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 5488. doi: 10.1002/adma.201305922 doi: 10.1002/adma.201305922
62. [62]
  Gao, J.; Yuan, Q.; Hu, H.; Zhao, J.; Ding, F. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 17695. doi: 10.1021/jp2051454 doi: 10.1021/jp2051454
63. [63]
  Zhong, L.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Lu, H.; Du, H.; Gan, L.; Xu, C.; Chiang, S. W.; Kang, F. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 23239. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06750 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06750
64. [64]
  Zhang, W.; Wu, P.; Li, Z.; Yang, J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 17782. doi: 10.1021/jp2006827 doi: 10.1021/jp2006827
65. [65]
  Li, Z.; Zhang, W.; Fan, X.; Wu, P.; Zeng, C.; Li, Z.; Zhai, X.; Yang, J.; Hou, J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 10557. doi: 10.1021/jp210814j doi: 10.1021/jp210814j
66. [66]
  Kim, H.; Mattevi, C.; Calvo, M. R.; Oberg, J. C.; Artiglia, L.; Agnoli, S.; Hirjibehedin, C. F.; Chhowalla, M.; Saiz, E. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 3614. doi: 10.1021/nn3008965 doi: 10.1021/nn3008965
67. [67]
  Muñoz, R.; Gómez-Aleixandre, C. Chem. Vapor Depos. 2013, 19, 297. doi: 10.1002/cvde.201300051 doi: 10.1002/cvde.201300051
68. [68]
  Qing, F.; Jia, R.; Li, B. -W.; Liu, C.; Li, C.; Peng, B.; Deng, L.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Ruoff, R. S.; et al. 2D Mater. 2017, 4, 025089. doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/aa6da5 doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/aa6da5
69. [69]
  Hu, C.; Li, H.; Zhang, S.; Li, W. J. Mater. Sci. 2016, 51, 3897. doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9709-2 doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9709-2
70. [70]
  Qiu, Z.; Li, P.; Li, Z.; Yang, J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2018, 51, 728. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00592 doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00592
71. [71]
  Shivayogimath, A.; Mackenzie, D.; Luo, B.; Hansen, O.; Bøggild, P.; Booth, T. J. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 6183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06276-y doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06276-y
72. [72]
  Lewis, A. M.; Derby, B.; Kinloch, I. A. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 3104. doi: 10.1021/nn305223y doi: 10.1021/nn305223y
73. [73]
  Wang, X.; Yuan, Q.; Li, J.; Ding, F. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 11584. doi: 10.1039/c7nr02743e doi: 10.1039/c7nr02743e
74. [74]
  Seah, C. -M.; Chai, S. -P.; Mohamed, A. R. Carbon 2014, 70, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.073 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.073
75. [75]
  Sun, J.; Gao, T.; Song, X.; Zhao, Y.; Lin, Y.; Wang, H.; Ma, D.; Chen, Y.; Xiang, W.; Wing, J.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 6574. doi: 10.1021/ja5022602 doi: 10.1021/ja5022602
76. [76]
  Zheng, S.; Zhong, G.; Wu, X.; D'Arsie, L.; Robertson, J. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 33185. doi: 10.1039/c7ra04162d doi: 10.1039/c7ra04162d
77. [77]
  Teng, P. -Y.; Lu, C. -C.; Akiyama-Hasegawa, K.; Lin, Y. -C.; Yeh, C. -H.; Suenaga, K.; Chiu, P. -W. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1379. doi: 10.1021/nl204024k doi: 10.1021/nl204024k
78. [78]
  Jia, K.; Zhang, J.; Lin, L.; Li, Z.; Gao, J.; Sun, L.; Xue, R.; Li, J.; Kang, N.; Luo, Z.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 58, 14446. doi: 10.1002/anie.201905672 doi: 10.1002/anie.201905672
79. [79]
  Jia, K.; Ci, H.; Zhang, J.; Sun, Z.; Ma, Z.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, S.; Liu, J.; Sun, L.; Liu, X.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 17214. doi: 10.1002/anie.202005406 doi: 10.1002/anie.202005406
80. [80]
  Sun, L.; Lin, L.; Wang, Z.; Rui, D.; Yu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.; Liu, X.; Jia, K.; Wang, K.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1902978. doi: 10.1002/adma.201902978 doi: 10.1002/adma.201902978
81. [81]
  Cai, W.; Moore, A. L.; Zhu, Y.; Li, X.; Chen, S.; Shi, L.; Ruoff, R. S. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1645. doi: 10.1021/nl9041966 doi: 10.1021/nl9041966
1. [1]
  Mengfei He , Chao Chen , Yue Tang , Si Meng , Zunfa Wang , Liyu Wang , Jiabao Xing , Xinyu Zhang , Jiahui Huang , Jiangbo Lu , Hongmei Jing , Xiangyu Liu , Hua Xu . Epitaxial Growth of Nonlayered 2D MnTe Nanosheets with Thickness-Tunable Conduction for p-Type Field Effect Transistor and Superior Contact Electrode. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(2): 2310029-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310029
2. [2]
  Yuting Bai , Cenqi Yan , Zhen Li , Jiaqiang Qin , Pei Cheng . Preparation of High-Strength Polyimide Porous Films with Thermally Closed Pore Property by In Situ Pore Formation Method. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2306010-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306010
3. [3]
  Jiao CHEN , Yi LI , Yi XIE , Dandan DIAO , Qiang XIAO . Vapor-phase transport of MFI nanosheets for the fabrication of ultrathin b-axis oriented zeolite membranes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 507-514. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230403
4. [4]
  Yan LIU , Jiaxin GUO , Song YANG , Shixian XU , Yanyan YANG , Zhongliang YU , Xiaogang HAO . Exclusionary recovery of phosphate anions with low concentration from wastewater using a CoNi-layered double hydroxide/graphene electronically controlled separation film. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1775-1783. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240043
5. [5]
  Hongbo Zhang , Yihong Tang , Suxia Zhang , Yuanting Li . Electrochemical Monitoring of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Pollutants: A Recommended Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 326-333. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310013
6. [6]
  Chaolin Mi , Yuying Qin , Xinli Huang , Yijie Luo , Zhiwei Zhang , Chengxiang Wang , Yuanchang Shi , Longwei Yin , Rutao Wang . Galvanic Replacement Synthesis of Graphene Coupled Amorphous Antimony Nanoparticles for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Capacitor. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(5): 2306011-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306011
7. [7]
  Zhihuan XU , Qing KANG , Yuzhen LONG , Qian YUAN , Cidong LIU , Xin LI , Genghuai TANG , Yuqing LIAO . Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide/ZnS. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1329-1336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230447
8. [8]
  Zhuo WANG , Junshan ZHANG , Shaoyan YANG , Lingyan ZHOU , Yedi LI , Yuanpei LAN . Preparation and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂-reduced graphene oxide by thermal decomposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1708-1718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240067
9. [9]
  Shunü Peng , Huamin Li , Zhaobin Chen , Yiru Wang . Simultaneous Application of Multiple Quantitative Analysis Methods in Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Active Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(10): 243-249. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412043
10. [10]
  Huirong BAO , Jun YANG , Xiaomiao FENG . Preparation and electrochemical properties of NiCoP/polypyrrole/carbon cloth by electrodeposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1083-1093. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250008
11. [11]
  Chunai Dai , Yongsheng Han , Luting Yan , Zhen Li , Yingze Cao . Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Their Application in Oily Wastewater Treatment: Design of a Comprehensive Physical Chemistry Innovation Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 34-40. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307081
12. [12]
  Hao BAI , Weizhi JI , Jinyan CHEN , Hongji LI , Mingji LI . Preparation of Cu₂O/Cu-vertical graphene microelectrode and detection of uric acid/electroencephalogram. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1309-1319. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240001
13. [13]
  Yue Zhang , Bao Li , Lixin Wu . GO-Assisted Supramolecular Framework Membrane for High-Performance Separation of Nanosized Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(5): 2305038-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305038
14. [14]
  Ke Qiu , Fengmei Wang , Mochou Liao , Kerun Zhu , Jiawei Chen , Wei Zhang , Yongyao Xia , Xiaoli Dong , Fei Wang . A Fumed SiO₂-based Composite Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte for Near-Neutral Zinc-Air Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2304036-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304036
15. [15]
  Jiayao Wang , Guixu Pan , Ning Wang , Shihan Wang , Yaolin Zhu , Yunfeng Li . Preparation of donor-π-acceptor type graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic systems via molecular level regulation for high-efficient H₂O₂ production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(12): 100168-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100168
16. [16]
  Xinxin YU , Yongxing LIU , Xiaohong YI , Miao CHANG , Fei WANG , Peng WANG , Chongchen WANG . Photocatalytic peroxydisulfate activation for degrading organic pollutants over the zero-valent iron recovered from subway tunnels. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 864-876. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240438
17. [17]
  Xiao SANG , Qi LIU , Jianping LANG . Synthesis, structure, and fluorescence properties of Zn(Ⅱ) coordination polymers containing tetra-alkenylpyridine ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2124-2132. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240158
18. [18]
  Wen Shi , Jiuxing Jiang . 化学中的数学方法课程建设探索. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(6): 48-53. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408088
19. [19]
  Zhentong Zhu , Peiyao Du , Chaoqin Zeng , Rui Zhou , Xiaoyan He , Bingzhang Lu , Xiaoquan Lu . Discussion on Teaching Methods for Bilingual Courses in Instrumental Analysis for Chemistry Majors. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(10): 39-45. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411014
20. [20]
  Lan Ma , Cailu He , Ziqi Liu , Yaohan Yang , Qingxia Ming , Xue Luo , Tianfeng He , Liyun Zhang . Magical Surface Chemistry: Fabrication and Application of Oil-Water Separation Membranes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 218-227. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311046

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(32)
Abstract views(1344)
HTML views(380)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142