Citation: Dong Liu, Shengtao Chen, Renjie Li, Tianyou Peng. Review of Z-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Energy Conversion[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(6): 201001. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202010017 shu

Review of Z-Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Energy Conversion

College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Author Bio:

Dr. Renjie Li received his BS in applied chemistry in 2003 and his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry in 2008 from Shandong University. He joined the faculty of Wuhan University in 2008 and is now an associate professor. He currently works on solar cells and photocatalysis using the functional materials, such as the phthalocyanines and porphyrins.
Prof. Tianyou Peng received his Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Wuhan University, China in 1998. He did a post-doc at Kyoto University, Japan with Prof. K. Hirano. He has been a full Professor at College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences of Wuhan University since 2004. Right now, he is the Director of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry in Wuhan University. His scientific interests are in inorganic chemistry, material chemistry, and nanomaterials including dye-sensitized solar cell and clean energy production including photocatalytic H₂ production, CO₂ conversion and N₂ fixation.
Corresponding author: Renjie Li, lirj@whu.edu.cn Tianyou Peng, typeng@whu.edu.cn
Received Date: 11 October 2020
Revised Date: 13 November 2020
Accepted Date: 16 November 2020
Available Online: 26 November 2020
Fund Project: the Natural Science Foundation of China 21975190the Natural Science Foundation of China 21871215the Natural Science Foundation of China 21631003the Natural Science Foundation of China 21573166the Science & Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality, China JCYJ20180302153921190Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China BK20151247the Funds for Creative Research Groups of Hubei Province, China 2014CFA007

Inspired by the photosynthesis of green plants, various artificial photosynthetic systems have been proposed to solve the energy shortage and environmental problems. Water photosplitting, carbon dioxide photoreduction, and nitrogen photofixation are the main systems that are used to produce solar fuels such as hydrogen, methane, or ammonia. Although conducting artificial photosynthesis using man-made semiconducting materials is an ideal and potential approach to obtain solar energy, constructing an efficient photosynthetic system capable of producing solar fuels at a scale and cost that can compete with fossil fuels remains challenging. Therefore, exploiting the efficient and low-cost photocatalysts is crucial for boosting the three main photocatalytic processes (light-harvesting, surface/interface catalytic reactions, and charge generation and separation) of artificial photosynthetic systems. Among the various photocatalysts developed, the Z-scheme heterojunction composite system can increase the light-harvesting ability and remarkably suppress charge carrier recombination; it can also promote surface/interface catalytic reactions by preserving the strong reductive/oxidative capacity of the photoexcited electrons/holes, and therefore, it has attracted considerable attention. The continuing progress of Z-scheme nanostructured heterojunctions, which convert solar energy into chemical energy through photocatalytic processes, has witnessed the importance of these heterojunctions in further improving the overall efficiency of photocatalytic reaction systems for producing solar fuels. This review summarizes the progress of Z-scheme heterojunctions as photocatalysts and the advantages of using the direct Z-scheme heterojunctions over the traditional type Ⅱ, all-solid-state Z-schemel, and liquid-phase Z-scheme ones. The basic principle and corresponding mechanism of the two-step excitation are illustrated. In particular, applications of various types of Z-scheme nanostructured materials (inorganic, organic, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials) in photocatalytic energy conversion and different controlling/engineering strategies (such as extending the spectral absorption region, promoting charge transfer/separation and surface chemical modification) for enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency in the last five years are highlighted. Additionally, characterization methods (such as sacrificial reagent experiment, metal loading, radical trapping testing, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photocatalytic reduction experiments, Kelvin probe force microscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation) of the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism, and the assessment criteria and methods of the photocatalytic performance are discussed. Finally, the challenges associated with Z-scheme heterojunctions and the possible growing trend are presented. We believe that this review will provide a new understanding of the breakthrough direction of photocatalytic performance and provide guidance for designing and constructing novel Z-scheme photocatalysts.
- Semiconductor,
- Photocatalysis,
- Z-scheme heterojunction,
- Energy conversion,
- Reaction mechanism
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