Citation: Zhang Yunbo, Lin Qiaowei, Han Junwei, Han Zhiyuan, Li Tong, Kang Feiyu, Yang Quan-Hong, Lü Wei. Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Three-Dimensional Carbon Current Collectors for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(2): 200808. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202008088 shu

Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Three-Dimensional Carbon Current Collectors for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Zhang Yunbo ¹ ,
Lin Qiaowei ² ,
Han Junwei ² ,
Han Zhiyuan ² ,
Li Tong ² ,
Kang Feiyu ^1,2 ,
Yang Quan-Hong ³ ,
Lü Wei ^2,,

1.
Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
2.
Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Corresponding author: Lü Wei, lv.wei@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
Received Date: 31 August 2020
Revised Date: 29 September 2020
Accepted Date: 30 September 2020
Available Online: 19 October 2020
Fund Project: the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars 2017B030306006the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFE0124500Shenzhen Basic Research Project JCYJ20180508152037520the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51972190The project was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFE0124500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51972190), the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (2017B030306006), Shenzhen Basic Research Project (JCYJ20180508152037520)

Lithium (Li) metal anodes are critical components for next-generation high-energy density batteries, owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (3800 mAh·g^-1) and low voltage (-3.040 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode). However, their applications are hindered by dendrite growth, which potentially induces inner short circuit and leads to safety issues. Employing three-dimensional (3D) current collectors is an effective strategy to suppress dendrite growth by decreasing the local current density. However, many of the reported 3D current collectors have a lithiophobic surface, which leads to non-uniform Li⁺ ion deposition. Thus, a complicated modification process is required to increase the lithiophilic property of the current collectors. In addition, they have a large weight or volume, which greatly lowers the energy density of the entire anode. In this work, we report a lightweight 3D carbon current collector with a lithiophilic surface by employing the direct carbonization of low-cost bacterial cellulose (BC) biomass. The current collector is composed of electrically conductive, robust, and interconnected carbon nanofiber networks, which provide sufficient void space to accommodate a large amount of Li and buffer the volume changes during Li plating and stripping. More importantly, homogeneously distributed oxygen-containing functional groups on the nanofiber surface are retained by controlling the carbonization temperature. These functional groups serve as uniform nucleation sites and help realize uniform and dendrite-free Li deposition. Notably, the areal mass density of the 3D carbon current collector was only 0.32 mg·cm^-2 and its mass ratio in the whole anode was 28.8%, with a capacity of 3 mAh·cm^-2. This 3D carbon current collector facilitates the stable working of the half cells for 150 cycles under a high current density of 3 mA·cm^-2 or a high capacity of 4 mAh·cm^-2. Symmetric cells exhibit a steady cycling life as long as 600 h under a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2 and a capacity of 1 mAh·cm^-2. Moreover, appreciable cycling performance was realized in the full cells when the anodes were paired with LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05 cathodes. Furthermore, the low-cost raw materials and the simple preparation method promise significant potential for the future applications of the proposed 3D current collectors.
- Lithium metal anode,
- Bacterial cellulose,
- Three-dimensional current collector,
- Lithium dendrite,
- Oxygen-containing functional group
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