Citation: Dautzenberg Frits Mathias, Lu Yong, Xu Bin. Controlling the Global Mean Temperature by Decarbonization[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(5): 200806. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202008066 shu

Controlling the Global Mean Temperature by Decarbonization

1.
Serenix Corporation, 5632 Coppervein Street, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
2.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
3.
ECO Zhuo Xin Energy-Saving Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai 201109, China

Corresponding author: Dautzenberg Frits Mathias, fritsd@serenixcorp.com
Received Date: 23 August 2020
Revised Date: 16 September 2020
Accepted Date: 18 September 2020
Available Online: 21 September 2020

Establishing a reliable method to predict the global mean temperature (T_e) is of great importance because CO₂ reduction activities require political and global cooperation and significant financial resources. The current climate models all seem to predict that the earth's temperature will continue to increase, mainly based on the assumption that CO₂ emissions cannot be lowered significantly in the foreseeable future. Given the earth's multifactor climate system, attributing atmospheric CO₂ as the only cause for the observed temperature anomaly is most likely an oversimplification; the presence of water (H₂O) in the atmosphere should at least be considered. As such, T_e is determined by atmospheric water content controlled by solar activity, along with anthropogenic CO₂ activities. It is possible that the anthropogenic CO₂ activities can be reduced in the future. Based on temperature measurements and thermodynamic data, a new model for predicting T_e has been developed. Using this model, past, current, and future CO₂ and H₂O data can be analyzed and the associated T_e calculated. This new, esoteric approach is more accurate than various other models, but has not been reported in the open literature. According to this model, by 2050, T_e may increase to 15.5 ℃ under "business-as-usual" emissions. By applying a reasonable green technology activity scenario, T_e may be reduced to approximately 14.2 ℃. To achieve CO₂ reductions, the scenario described herein predicts a CO₂ reduction potential of 513 gigatons in 30 years. This proposed scenario includes various CO₂ reduction activities, carbon capturing technology, mineralization, and bio-char production; the most important CO₂ reductions by 2050 are expected to be achieved mainly in the electricity, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Other more aggressive and plausible drawdown scenarios have been analyzed as well, yielding CO₂ reduction potentials of 1051 and 1747 gigatons, respectively, in 30 years, but they may reduce global food production. It is emphasized that the causes and predictions of the global warming trend should be regarded as open scientific questions because several details concerning the physical processes associated with global warming remain uncertain. For example, the role of solar activities coupled with Milankovitch cycles are not yet fully understood. In addition, other factors, such as ocean CO₂ uptake and volcanic activity, may not be negligible.
- Calculation method for global mean temperature,
- CO₂ in the atmosphere,
- Water in the atmosphere,
- Global warming,
- CO₂ reduction
1. [1]
  Hausfather, Z.; Drake, H. F.; Abott, T.; Schmidt, G. A. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2020, 47 (1), e2019GL085378. doi: 10.1029/2019GL085378 doi: 10.1029/2019GL085378
2. [2]
  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Reports, 1990-2019. https://www.ipcc.ch (accessed on Sep. 18, 2020).
3. [3]
  GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4), version 4, 2019. https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp (accessed on Sep. 18 2020).
4. [4]
  Buis, A. Study conforms climate models are getting future warming projections right. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2943/study-confirms-climate-models-are-getting-future-warming-projections-right/ (accessed on Sep. 18 2020).
5. [5]
  Moore, P. A. Confessions of a Greenpeace Dropout; Beatty Street Publishing Inc.: Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2013.
6. [6]
  Spencer, R. W. The Greatest Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists; Encounter Books: New York, NY, USA, 2010.
7. [7]
  Petit, J. R.; Jouzel, J.; Raynaud, D.; Barkov, N. I.; Barnola, J. -M.; Basile, I.; Bender, M.; Chappellaz, J.; Davis, M.; Delaygue, G.; et al. Nature 1999, 399 (6735), 429. doi: 10.1038/20859 doi: 10.1038/20859
8. [8]
  Bohren, C. F.; Clothiaux, E. E. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Radiation: An Introduction with 400 Problems; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2006.
9. [9]
  www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/387H/Lectures/chap2.pdf (accessed on Sep. 18 2020).
10. [10]
  https://www.nist.gov/publications/web-thermo-tables-line-version-trc-thermodynamics-table (accessed on Sep. 18, 2020).
11. [11]
  Yaws, C. L. Chemical Properties Handbook; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 1999; p. 291 and p. 310.
12. [12]
  Cox, P. M.; Huntingford, C.; Williamson, M. S. Nature 2018, 533 (7688), 319. doi: 10.1038/nature25450 doi: 10.1038/nature25450
13. [13]
  Deser, C. Making Sense of Climate Projections. Lecture at the University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Sciences: Seattle, WA, USA, 2019.
14. [14]
  http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm. (accessed on Sep. 18 2020)
15. [15]
  Ruddiman, W. F. Earth's Climate: Past and Future, 3rd ed.; W.H. Freeman & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
16. [16]
  Pagani, M.; Zachos, J. C.; Freeman, K. H.; Tipple, B.; Bohaty, S. Science 2005, 309 (5734), 600. doi: 10.1126/science.1110063 doi: 10.1126/science.1110063
17. [17]
  https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/500-million-year-survey-earths-climate-reveals-dire-warning-humanity (accessed on Sep. 18 2020).
18. [18]
  Moore, P. A. Climate Realism. Presentation at the Climate Realism seminar, Toronto, Canada, October, 2019.
19. [19]
  https://ourworldindata.org/CO₂-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions (accessed on Sep. 18, 2020).
20. [20]
  Abbot, J.; Marohasy, J. Geo. Res. J. 2017, 14, 36. doi: 10.1016/j.grj.2017.08.001 doi: 10.1016/j.grj.2017.08.001
21. [21]
  https://www.therightinsight.org/Patrick-Moore-Should-We-Celebrate-CO₂ (accessed on Sep. 18, 2020).
22. [22]
  Hawken, P. Drawdown-The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming; Penguin Books, New York, NY, USA, 2017.
23. [23]
  Henson, R. The Thinking Person's Guide to Climate Change, 2nd ed.; The American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA, USA, 2019.
24. [24]
  Vertes, A.; Qureshi, N.; Yukawa, H.; Blaschek, H. Biomass to Biofuels: Strategies for Global Industries. John Wiley & Sons LTD.: Chicher, West Sussex, UK, 2010.
25. [25]
  Anastassiadis, S. G. World J. Bio. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 1. doi: 10.33865/wjb.001.01.0002 doi: 10.33865/wjb.001.01.0002
26. [26]
  Han, L.; Ro, K. S; Sun, K.; Sun, H.; Wang, Z.; Libra, J. A.; Xing, B. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50 (24), 13274. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02401 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02401
27. [27]
  Doucet, F. J. Scoping Study on CO₂ Mineralization Technologies. Report No. CGS-2011-007-Prepared for South African Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage, 2011.
28. [28]
  Xie, H.; Yue, H.; Zhu, J.; Liang, B.; Li, C.; Wang, Y.; Xie, L.; Zhou, X. Engineering 2015, 1 (1), 150. doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015017 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015017
29. [29]
  https://www.theleadsouthaustria.com.au, Willis, B. Global carbon capture potential for rare nanoparticles, 2020, March 24 (accessed on Sep. 18, 2020).
30. [30]
  Dean, C. Expert Discuss Engineering Feats, Like Space Mirrors to Slow Climate Change; The New York Times: New York, NY, USA, Nov. 10, 2007.
31. [31]
  Gramling, C. In a Climate Crisis, Is Geoengineering Worth the Risks? Science News; Society for Science & the Public: Washington DC, USA, Oct. 6, 2019.
32. [32]
  www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/the-energy-future/scenarios/shell-scenario-sky.html (accessed on Sep. 18, 2020).
1. [1]
  Ziruo Zhou , Wenyu Guo , Tingyu Yang , Dandan Zheng , Yuanxing Fang , Xiahui Lin , Yidong Hou , Guigang Zhang , Sibo Wang . Defect and nanostructure engineering of polymeric carbon nitride for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100245-100245. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100245
2. [2]
  Kun WANG , Wenrui LIU , Peng JIANG , Yuhang SONG , Lihua CHEN , Zhao DENG . Hierarchical hollow structured BiOBr-Pt catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1270-1278. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240037
3. [3]
  Xuejiao Wang , Suiying Dong , Kezhen Qi , Vadim Popkov , Xianglin Xiang . Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction by Modified g-C₃N₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2408005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408005
4. [4]
  Muhammad Humayun , Mohamed Bououdina , Abbas Khan , Sajjad Ali , Chundong Wang . Designing single atom catalysts for exceptional electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(1): 100193-100193. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100193
5. [5]
  Hong Dong , Feng-Ming Zhang . Covalent organic frameworks for artificial photosynthetic diluted CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(7): 100307-100307. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100307
6. [6]
  Ping Wang , Tianbao Zhang , Zhenxing Li . Reconstruction mechanism of Cu surface in CO2 reduction process. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100328-100328. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100328
7. [7]
  Tianbo Jia , Lili Wang , Zhouhao Zhu , Baikang Zhu , Yingtang Zhou , Guoxing Zhu , Mingshan Zhu , Hengcong Tao . Modulating the degree of O vacancy defects to achieve selective control of electrochemical CO₂ reduction products. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108692-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108692
8. [8]
  Yufei Jia , Fei Li , Ke Fan . Surface reconstruction of Cu-based bimetallic catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(3): 100255-100255. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100255
9. [9]
  Qin Cheng , Ming Huang , Qingqing Ye , Bangwei Deng , Fan Dong . Indium-based electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction to C1 products. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109112-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109112
10. [10]
  Xueyang Zhao , Bangwei Deng , Hongtao Xie , Yizhao Li , Qingqing Ye , Fan Dong . Recent process in developing advanced heterogeneous diatomic-site metal catalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109139-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109139
11. [11]
  Qian-Qian Tang , Li-Fang Feng , Zhi-Peng Li , Shi-Hao Wu , Long-Shuai Zhang , Qing Sun , Mei-Feng Wu , Jian-Ping Zou . Single-atom sites regulation by the second-shell doping for efficient electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109454-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109454
12. [12]
  Tinghui Yang , Min Kuang , Jianping Yang . Mesoporous CuCe dual-metal catalysts for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to methane. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100350-100350. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100350
13. [13]
  Di Wang , Qing-Song Chen , Yi-Ran Lin , Yun-Xin Hou , Wei Han , Juan Yang , Xin Li , Zhen-Hai Wen . Tuning strategies and electrolyzer design for Bi-based nanomaterials towards efficient CO2 reduction to formic acid. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100346-100346. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100346
14. [14]
  Yuxiang Zhang , Jia Zhao , Sen Lin . Nitrogen doping retrofits the coordination environment of copper single-atom catalysts for deep CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(11): 100415-100415. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100415
15. [15]
  Liang Ma , Zhou Li , Zhiqiang Jiang , Xiaofeng Wu , Shixin Chang , Sónia A. C. Carabineiro , Kangle Lv . Effect of precursors on the structure and photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 for NO oxidation and CO2 reduction. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(11): 100416-100416. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100416
16. [16]
  Maomao Liu , Guizeng Liang , Ningce Zhang , Tao Li , Lipeng Diao , Ping Lu , Xiaoliang Zhao , Daohao Li , Dongjiang Yang . Electron-rich Ni2+ in Ni3S2 boosting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate and syngas. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100359-100359. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100359
17. [17]
  Xiuzheng Deng , Yi Ke , Jiawen Ding , Yingtang Zhou , Hui Huang , Qian Liang , Zhenhui Kang . Construction of ZnO@CDs@Co₃O₄ sandwich heterostructure with multi-interfacial electron-transfer toward enhanced photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 109064-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109064
18. [18]
  Zixuan Zhu , Xianjin Shi , Yongfang Rao , Yu Huang . Recent progress of MgO-based materials in CO₂ adsorption and conversion: Modification methods, reaction condition, and CO₂ hydrogenation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108954-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108954
19. [19]
  Wenlong LI , Xinyu JIA , Jie LING , Mengdan MA , Anning ZHOU . Photothermal catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation over a Mg-doped In₂O_3-x catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 919-929. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230421
20. [20]
  Shu-Ran Xu , Fang-Xing Xiao . Metal halide perovskites quantum dots: Synthesis, and modification strategies for solar CO2 conversion. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100173-100173. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100173

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(6)
Abstract views(397)
HTML views(43)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142