Citation: Ping Wang, Haitao Li, Yanjie Cao, Huogen Yu. Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene for Highly Efficient H₂-Evolution Activity of TiO₂ Photocatalyst[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2021, 37(6): 200804. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202008047 shu

Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene for Highly Efficient H₂-Evolution Activity of TiO₂ Photocatalyst

Ping Wang ^1,, ,
Haitao Li ¹ ,
Yanjie Cao ¹ ,
Huogen Yu ^{1, 2,,}

1.
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding author: Ping Wang, wangping0904@whut.edu.cn Huogen Yu, yuhuogen@whut.edu.cn
Received Date: 17 August 2020
Revised Date: 21 September 2020
Accepted Date: 22 September 2020
Available Online: 28 September 2020
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21771142the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51872221the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China WUT2019IB002

The use of semiconductor photocatalysts (CdS, g-C₃N₄, TiO₂, etc.) to generate hydrogen (H₂) is a prospective strategy that can convert solar energy into hydrogen energy, thereby meeting future energy demands. Among the numerous photocatalysts, TiO₂ has attracted significant attention because of its suitable reduction potential and excellent chemical stability. However, the photoexcited electrons and holes of TiO₂ are easily quenched, leading to limited photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, graphene has been used as an effective electron cocatalyst in the accelerated transport of photoinduced electrons to enhance the H₂-production performance of TiO₂, owing to its excellent conductivity and high charge carrier mobility. For an efficient graphene-based photocatalyst, the rapid transfer of photogenerated electrons is extremely important along with an effectual interfacial H₂-production reaction on the graphene surface. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the graphene microstructures (functionalized graphene) to improve the H₂-production performance of graphene-based TiO₂ photocatalysts. The introduction of H₂-evolution active sites onto the graphene surface is an effective strategy for the functionalization of graphene. Compared with the noncovalent functionalization of graphene (such as loading Pt, MoS_x, and CoS_x on the graphene surface), its covalent functionalization can provide a strong interaction between graphene and organic molecules in the form of H₂-evolution active sites that are produced by chemical reactions. In this study, carboxyl-functionalized graphene (rGO-COOH) was successfully modified via ring-opening and esterification reactions on the TiO₂ surface by using an ultrasound-assisted self-assembly method to prepare a high-activity TiO₂/rGO-COOH photocatalyst. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric (TG) curves revealed the successful covalent functionalization of GO to rGO-COOH by significantly enhanced ―COOH groups in FTIR and increased peak area of carboxyl groups in XPS. A series of characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XPS, and UV-Vis adsorption spectra, were performed to demonstrate the successful synthesis of TiO₂/rGO-COOH photocatalysts. The experimental data for the hydrogen-evolution rate showed that the TiO₂/rGO-COOH displayed an extremely high hydrogen-generation activity (254.2 μmol∙h⁻¹∙g⁻¹), which was 2.06- and 4.48-fold higher than those of TiO₂/GO and TiO₂, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO₂/rGO-COOH is ascribed to the carboxyl groups of carboxyl-functionalized graphene, which act as effective hydrogen-generation active sites and enrich hydrogen ions owing to their excellent nucleophilicity that facilitates the interfacial hydrogen production reaction of TiO₂. This study provides novel insights into the development of high-activity graphene-supported photocatalysts in the hydrogen-generation field.
- Carboxyl-functionalized graphene,
- Carboxyl groups,
- TiO₂,
- Photocatalytic H₂ evolution
1. [1]
  Li, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, G.; Huang, H.; Wu, X. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 7112. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b21693 doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b21693
2. [2]
  Luo, J.; Lin, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Jiang, S.; Song, S. Chin. J. Catal. 2020, 41, 122. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63490-x doi: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63490-x
3. [3]
  Mu, R.; Ao, Y.; Wu, T.; Wang, C.; Wang, P. J. Alloy. Compd. 2020, 812, 151990. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.151990 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.151990
4. [4]
  Wang, J.; Chen, J.; Wang, P.; Hou, J.; Wang, C.; Ao, Y. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2018, 239, 578. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.08.048 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.08.048
5. [5]
  Wang, K.; Li, Y.; Li, J.; Zhang, G. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2020, 263, 117730. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.05.032 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.05.032
6. [6]
  Zhao, Y.; Shao, C.; Lin, Z.; Jiang, S.; Song, S. Small 2020, 16, 2000944. doi:10.1002/smll.202000944 doi: 10.1002/smll.202000944
7. [7]
  Lin, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Huang, C.; Liu, W.; Mi, X.; Fan, D.; Fan, F.; Lu, H.; Chen, X. ChemSusChem 2019, 12, 961. doi:10.1002/cssc.201802691 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201802691
8. [8]
  Cao, D.; An, H.; Yan, X.; Zhao, Y.; Yang, G.; Mei, H. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1901051. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201901051
9. [9]
  Cheng, L.; Zhang, D.; Liao, Y.; Li, F.; Zhang, H.; Xiang, Q. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2019, 555, 94. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.060 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.060
10. [10]
  Qiu, X.; Miyauchi, M.; Sunada, K.; Minoshima, M.; Liu, M.; Lu, Y.; Li, D.; Shimodaira, Y.; Hosogi, Y.; Kuroda, Y.; Hashimoto, K. ACS Nano 2012, 6, 1609. doi:10.1021/nn2045888 doi: 10.1021/nn2045888
11. [11]
  Shen, J.; Wang, R.; Liu, Q.; Yang, X.; Tang, H.; Yang, J. Chin. J. Catal. 2019, 40, 380. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63166-3 doi: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63166-3
12. [12]
  Pan, J.; Shen, S.; Zhou, W.; Tang, J.; Ding, H.; Wang, J.; Chen, L.; Au, C. -T.; Yin, S. -F. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1905068. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201905068
13. [13]
  Duan, S.; Wu, S.; Wang, L.; She, H.; Huang, J.; Wang, Q. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1905086. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201905086
14. [14]
  Yin, S. Y.; Chaktong, A.; Li, H. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1910023. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201910023
15. [15]
  Wang, H.; Hu, X.; Ma, Y.; Zhu, D.; Li, T.; Wang, J. Chin. J. Catal. 2020, 41, 95. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63452-2 doi: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63452-2
16. [16]
  Xiang, Q.; Ma, X.; Zhang, D.; Zhou, H.; Liao, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xu, S.; Levchenko, I.; Bazaka, K. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2019, 556, 376.doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.033
17. [17]
  Xu, Q.; Zhang, L.; Cheng, B.; Fan, J.; Yu, J. Chem 2020, 6, 1543. doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.010 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.010
18. [18]
  Sun, S.; Zhang, X.; Liu, X.; Pan, L.; Zhang, X.; Zou, J. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1905007. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201905007
19. [19]
  Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Gong, J.; Xie, Y.; Wu, X.; Zhang, G. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 43760. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b17580 doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b17580
20. [20]
  Li, X.; Yu, J.; Wageh, S.; Al-Ghamdi, A. A.; Xie, J. Small 2016, 12, 6640. doi:10.1002/smll.201600382 doi: 10.1002/smll.201600382
21. [21]
  Oh, I.; Youn, J. -S.; Kang, H.; Manavalan, K.; Jung, S. -C.; Park, Y. -K.; Jeon, K. -J. Carbon 2020, 161, 665. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.02.005 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.02.005
22. [22]
  Shen, R.; Xie, J.; Xiang, Q.; Chen, X.; Jiang, J.; Li, X. Chin. J. Catal. 2019, 40, 240. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63294-8 doi: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63294-8
23. [23]
  Chen, F.; Luo, W.; Mo, Y.; Yu, H.; Cheng, B. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 430, 448. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.165 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.165
24. [24]
  Jiang, L.; Wang, K.; Wu, X.; Zhang, G.; Yin, S. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 26898. doi:10.1021/acsami.9b07311 doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b07311
25. [25]
  Xiang, Q.; Yu, J.; Jaroniec, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6575. doi:10.1021/ja302846n doi: 10.1021/ja302846n
26. [26]
  Lv, X.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, C.; Chang, H.; Chen, Y.; Fu, W. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 18542. doi:10.1039/c2jm33325b doi: 10.1039/c2jm33325b
27. [27]
  Dreyer, D. R.; Park, S.; Bielawski, C. W.; Ruoff, R. S. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 228. doi:10.1039/b917103g doi: 10.1039/b917103g
28. [28]
  Xu, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, P.; Wang, X.; Yu, H. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 430, 176. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.188 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.188
29. [29]
  Gong, X.; Liu, G.; Li, Y.; Yu, D. Y. W.; Teoh, W. Y. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 8082. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01447 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01447
30. [30]
  Chen, J.; Zhang, X.; Cai, H.; Chen, Z.; Wang, T.; Jia, L.; Wang, J.; Wan, Q.; Pei, X. Colloids Surf. B 2016, 147, 397. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.023 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.023
31. [31]
  Saleem, S. J.; Guler, M. Electronal 2019, 31, 2187. doi:10.1002/elan.201900287 doi: 10.1002/elan.201900287
32. [32]
  Park, K. -W. J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 4292. doi:10.1039/c3ta14223j doi: 10.1039/c3ta14223j
33. [33]
  Bharti, A.; Agnihotri, N.; Prabhakar, N. Mikrochim. Acta 2019, 186, 185. doi:10.1007/s00604-019-3302-3 doi: 10.1007/s00604-019-3302-3
34. [34]
  Shiddiky, M. J. A.; Rauf, S.; Kithva, P. H.; Trau, M. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 35, 251. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.057 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.057
35. [35]
  Wang, H.; Hao, Q.; Yang, X.; Lu, L.; Wang, X. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 821. doi:10.1021/am900815k doi: 10.1021/am900815k
36. [36]
  Deb Nath, N. C.; Jeon, I. -Y.; Ju, M. J.; Ansari, S. A.; Baek, J. -B.; Lee, J. J. Carbon 2019, 142, 89. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.011 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.011
37. [37]
  Nurunnabi, M.; Khatun, Z.; Huh, K. M.; Park, S. Y.; Lee, D. Y.; Cho, K. J.; Lee, Y. K. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 6858. doi:10.1021/nn402043c doi: 10.1021/nn402043c
38. [38]
  Fan, X.; Shang, K.; Sun, B.; Chen, L.; Ai, S. J. Mater. Sci. 2014, 49, 2672. doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7975-4 doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7975-4
39. [39]
  Bharath, G.; Veeramani, V.; Chen, S. -M.; Madhu, R.; Manivel Raja, M.; Balamurugan, A.; Mangalaraj, D.; Viswanathan, C.; Ponpandian, N. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 13392. doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7975-4 doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7975-4
40. [40]
  Ziółkowski, R.; Górski, Ł.; Malinowska, E. Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem. 2017, 238, 540. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.07.119 doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.07.119
41. [41]
  Yu, S.; Liu, J.; Zhu, W.; Hu, Z. T.; Lim, T. T.; Yan, X. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 16369. doi:10.1038/srep16369 doi: 10.1038/srep16369
42. [42]
  Li, H.; Wang, P.; Yi, X.; Yu, H. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2020, 264, 118504. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118504 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118504
43. [43]
  Yu, H.; Liu, W.; Wang, X.; Wang, F. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2018, 225, 415. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.12.026 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.12.026
44. [44]
  Yu, H.; Yuan, R.; Gao, D.; Xu, Y.; Yu, J. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 375, 121934. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.121934 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.121934
45. [45]
  Gao, D.; Wu, X.; Wang, P.; Xu, Y.; Yu, H.; Yu, J. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 10084. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01516 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01516
46. [46]
  Lerf, A.; He, H.; Forster, M.; Klinowski, J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 4477. doi:10.1021/jp9731821 doi: 10.1021/jp9731821
47. [47]
  Liu, Y.; Deng, R.; Wang, Z.; Liu, H. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 13619. doi:10.1039/c2jm32479b doi: 10.1039/c2jm32479b
48. [48]
  Luo, Q.; Ge, R.; Kang, S. -Z.; Qin, L.; Li, G.; Li, X. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 427, 15. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.152 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.152
49. [49]
  Cho, K. M.; Kim, K. H.; Park, K.; Kim, C.; Kim, S.; Al-Saggaf, A.; Gereige, I.; Jung, H. -T. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 7064. doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b01908 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01908
50. [50]
  McAllister, M. J.; Li, J. -L.; Adamson, D. H.; Schniepp, H. C.; Abdala, A. A.; Liu, J.; Herrera-Alonso, M.; Milius, D. L.; Car, R.; Prud'homme, R. K.; et al. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4396. doi:10. 1021/cm0630800 doi: 10.1021/cm0630800
51. [51]
  Shin, Y.; Vranic, S.; Just-Baringo, X.; Gali, S. M.; Kisby, T.; Chen, Y.; Gkoutzidou, A.; Prestat, E.; Beljonne, D.; Larrosa, I.; et al. Nanoscale 2020, 12, 12383. doi:10.1039/d0nr02689a doi: 10.1039/d0nr02689a
52. [52]
  Chu, C.; Huang, D.; Zhu, Q.; Stavitski, E.; Spies, J. A.; Pan, Z.; Mao, J.; Xin, H. L.; Schmuttenmaer, C. A.; Hu, S.; Kim, J. -H. ACS Catal. 2018, 9, 626. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b03738 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03738
53. [53]
  Wang, P.; Xu, S.; Chen, F.; Yu, H. Chin. J. Catal. 2019, 40, 343. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63157-2 doi: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63157-2
54. [54]
  Liu, J.; Wang, P.; Fan, J.; Yu, H. J. Energy Chem. 2020, 51, 253. doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.03.085 doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.03.085
55. [55]
  Wu, X.; Chen, F.; Wang, X.; Yu, H. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 427, 645. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.050 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.050
56. [56]
  Bai, J. Y.; Wang, L. J.; Zhang, Y. J.; Wen, C. F.; Wang, X. L.; Yang, H. G. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2020, 266, 118590. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118590 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118590
57. [57]
  Gao, D.; Liu, W.; Xu, Y.; Wang, P.; Fan, J.; Yu, H. Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 2020, 260, 118190. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118190 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118190
1. [1]
  Hongye Bai , Lihao Yu , Jinfu Xu , Xuliang Pang , Yajie Bai , Jianguo Cui , Weiqiang Fan . Controllable Decoration of Ni-MOF on TiO2: Understanding the Role of Coordination State on Photoelectrochemical Performance. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 100096-100096. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100096
2. [2]
  Maosen Xu , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghong Cai , Meichun Bu , Chenghua Zhang , Hong Wu , Youzhou He , Min Fu , Siqi Li , Xingyan Liu . In-situ fabrication of TiO₂/NH₂−MIL-125(Ti) via MOF-driven strategy to promote efficient interfacial effects for enhancing photocatalytic NO removal activity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109524-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109524
3. [3]
  Bing LIU , Huang ZHANG , Hongliang HAN , Changwen HU , Yinglei ZHANG . Visible light degradation of methylene blue from water by triangle Au@TiO₂ mesoporous catalyst. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 941-952. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230398
4. [4]
  Xinxiu Yan , Xizhe Huang , Yangyang Liu , Weishang Jia , Hualin Chen , Qi Yao , Tao Chen . Hyperbranched polyamidoamine protective layer with phosphate and carboxyl groups for dendrite-free Zn metal anodes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109426-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109426
5. [5]
  Fanxin Kong , Hongzhi Wang , Huimei Duan . Inhibition effect of sulfation on Pt/TiO2 catalysts in methane combustion. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(5): 100287-100287. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100287
6. [6]
  Wenhao Wang , Guangpu Zhang , Qiufeng Wang , Fancang Meng , Hongbin Jia , Wei Jiang , Qingmin Ji . Hybrid nanoarchitectonics of TiO₂/aramid nanofiber membranes with softness and durability for photocatalytic dye degradation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109193-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109193
7. [7]
  Lihua HUANG , Jian HUA . Denitration performance of HoCeMn/TiO₂ catalysts prepared by co-precipitation and impregnation methods. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 629-645. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230315
8. [8]
  Mengli Xu , Zhenmin Xu , Zhenfeng Bian . Achieving Ullmann coupling reaction via photothermal synergy with ultrafine Pd nanoclusters supported on mesoporous TiO2. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(7): 100305-100305. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100305
9. [9]
  Bicheng Zhu , Jingsan Xu . S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for H2 evolution coupled with organic oxidation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100327-100327. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100327
10. [10]
  Yifen He , Chao Qu , Na Ren , Dawei Liang . Enhanced degradation of refractory organics in ORR-EO system with a blue TiO₂ nanotube array modified Ti-based Ni-Sb co-doped SnO₂ anode. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109262-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109262
11. [11]
  Xin Li , Wanting Fu , Ruiqing Guan , Yue Yuan , Qinmei Zhong , Gang Yao , Sheng-Tao Yang , Liandong Jing , Song Bai . Nucleophiles promotes the decomposition of electrophilic functional groups of tetracycline in ZVI/H₂O₂ system: Efficiency and mechanism. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109625-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109625
12. [12]
  Shuangxi Li , Huijun Yu , Tianwei Lan , Liyi Shi , Danhong Cheng , Lupeng Han , Dengsong Zhang . NO_x reduction against alkali poisoning over Ce(SO₄)₂-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts by constructing the Ce⁴⁺–SO₄²⁻ pair sites. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108240-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108240
13. [13]
  Yubang Li , Xixi Hu , Daiqian Xie . The microscopic formation mechanism of O + H2 products from photodissociation of H2O. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(5): 100274-100274. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100274
14. [14]
  Jing Wang , Zhongliao Wang , Jinfeng Zhang , Kai Dai . Single-layer crystalline triazine-based organic framework photocatalysts with different linking groups for H2O2 production. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100202-100202. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100202
15. [15]
  Peipei Sun , Jinyuan Zhang , Yanhua Song , Zhao Mo , Zhigang Chen , Hui Xu . 引入内建电场增强光载流子分离以促进H₂的生产. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2311001-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311001
16. [16]
  Yi Herng Chan , Zhe Phak Chan , Serene Sow Mun Lock , Chung Loong Yiin , Shin Ying Foong , Mee Kee Wong , Muhammad Anwar Ishak , Ven Chian Quek , Shengbo Ge , Su Shiung Lam . Thermal pyrolysis conversion of methane to hydrogen (H₂): A review on process parameters, reaction kinetics and techno-economic analysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109329-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109329
17. [17]
  Yong Shu , Xing Chen , Sai Duan , Rongzhen Liao . How to Determine the Equilibrium Bond Distance of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules: A Case Study of H₂. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 386-393. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310102
18. [18]
  Mengjun Zhao , Yuhao Guo , Na Li , Tingjiang Yan . Deciphering the structural evolution and real active ingredients of iron oxides in photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(8): 100348-100348. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100348
19. [19]
  Wen-Tao Ouyang , Jun Jiang , Yan-Fang Jiang , Ting Li , Yuan-Yuan Liu , Hong-Tao Ji , Li-Juan Ou , Wei-Min He . Sono-photocatalytic amination of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with aliphatic amines. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 110038-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110038
20. [20]
  Zhi Zhu , Xiaohan Xing , Qi Qi , Wenjing Shen , Hongyue Wu , Dongyi Li , Binrong Li , Jialin Liang , Xu Tang , Jun Zhao , Hongping Li , Pengwei Huo . Fabrication of graphene modified CeO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2023, 42(12): 100194-100194. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100194

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(26)
Abstract views(677)
HTML views(175)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene for Highly Efficient H2-Evolution Activity of TiO2 Photocatalyst

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene for Highly Efficient H₂-Evolution Activity of TiO₂ Photocatalyst