Citation: YU Peikai, FENG Anni, ZHAO Shiqiang, WEI Junying, Yang YANG, SHI Jia, HONG Wenjing. Recent Progress of Break Junction Technique in Single-Molecule Reaction Chemistry[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2019, 35(8): 829-839. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201811027 shu

Recent Progress of Break Junction Technique in Single-Molecule Reaction Chemistry

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Yang YANG, yangyang@xmu.edu.cn HONG Wenjing, whong@xmu.edu.cn
Received Date: 16 November 2018
Revised Date: 19 December 2018
Accepted Date: 20 December 2018
Available Online: 25 August 2018
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFA0204902) and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2016J05162)the National Key R & D Program of China 2017YFA0204902the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China 2016J05162

Molecular electronics has been the subject of increasing interest since 1974. Although it describes the utilization of single molecules as active components of electrical devices, molecular electronics remains a fundamental subject to date. Considering that the length of a single molecule is typically several nanometers, the electrical characterization of a probe molecule is a significant experimental challenge. A metal/molecule/metal junction can bridge the gap between nanometer-sized molecules and the macroscopic measuring circuit and is, thus, generally considered as the most common prototype in molecular electronics. For the fabrication and characterization of single-molecule junctions, break junction methods, which include the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique and the scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction (STM-BJ) technique, were proposed at the turn of the century and have been developed rapidly in recent years. These methods are widely employed in the experimental study of charge transport through single-molecule junctions and provide a platform to investigate the physical and chemical processes at the single-molecule level. In this review, we mainly focus on MCBJ and STM-BJ techniques applicable for single-molecule conductance measurement and highlight the progress of these techniques in the context of identification and modulation of chemical reactions and evaluation of their reaction kinetics at the single-molecule level. We begin by presenting the operation principles of MCBJ and STM-BJ and stating their brief comparison. Subsequently, we summarize the recent advances in modulating single-molecule chemical reactions. In this regard, we introduce several examples that involve changing the environmental solution, applying an external electrical field, and resorting to electrochemical gating. Next, we overview the application of the break junction techniques in the investigation of reaction kinetics at the single-molecule level. In this section, we also present a brief introduction to studies on single-molecule reaction kinetics using graphene-based nanogaps, wherein conventional metallic electrodes were replaced by graphene electrodes. Furthermore, we discuss the combination of break junction techniques and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detecting single-molecule reactions occurring at nanometer-scale separation. We discuss the historical development of this combined method and present the latest advancement explaining the origin of the low conductance of 1, 4-benzenedithiol, which is a topic of significant concern in single-molecule electronics. Finally, we discuss some future issues in molecular electronics, including the expansion from simple molecules to complex molecular systems and the introduction of multi-physical fields into single-molecule junctions. Moreover, we provide a list of critical characterization tools in molecular electronics and discuss their potential applications.
- Molecular electronics,
- Single molecule,
- Charge transport,
- Mechanically controllable break junction,
- STM break junction
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142