Citation: ZHAO Xinfei, CHEN Hao, WU Hao, WANG Rui, CUI Yi, FU Qiang, YANG Fan, BAO Xinhe. Growth of Ordered ZnO Structures on Au(111) and Cu(111)[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2018, 34(12): 1373-1380. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201804131 shu

Growth of Ordered ZnO Structures on Au(111) and Cu(111)

ZHAO Xinfei ^1,2 ,
CHEN Hao ^1,2 ,
WU Hao ^1,3 ,
WANG Rui ^4,5 ,
CUI Yi ⁴ ,
FU Qiang ¹ ,
YANG Fan ^1,, ,
BAO Xinhe ¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3.
Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
4.
Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
5.
Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China

Corresponding author: YANG Fan, fyang@dicp.ac.cn
Received Date: 15 March 2018
Revised Date: 9 April 2018
Accepted Date: 9 April 2018
Available Online: 13 December 2018
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21473191the National Natural Science Foundation of China 91545204The project was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2017YFB0602205, 2016YFA0202803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21473191, 91545204) and the Thousand Talents Program for Young ScientistsThe project was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2016YFA0202803The project was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2017YFB0602205

The growth and structural properties of ZnO thin films on both Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces were studied using either NO₂ or O₂ as oxidizing agent. The results indicate that NO₂ promotes the formation of well-ordered ZnO thin films on both Au(111) and Cu(111). The stoichiometric ZnO thin films obtained on these two surfaces exhibit a flattened and non-polar ZnO(0001) structure. It is shown that on Au(111), the growth of bilayer ZnO nanostructures (NSs) is favored during the deposition of Zn in presence of NO₂ at 300 K, whereas both monolayer and bilayer ZnO NSs could be observed when Zn is deposited at elevated temperatures under a NO₂ atmosphere. The growth of bilayer ZnO NSs is caused by the stronger interaction between two ZnO layers than between ZnO and Au(111) surface. In contrast, the growth of monolayer ZnO NSs involves a kinetically controlled process. ZnO thin films covering the Au(111) surface exhibits a multilayer thickness, which is consistent with the growth kinetics of ZnO NSs. Besides, the use of O₂ as oxidizing agent could lead to the formation of sub-stoichiometric ZnO_x structures. The growth of full layers of ZnO on Cu(111) has been a difficult task, mainly because of the interdiffusion of Zn promoted by the strong interaction between Cu and Zn and the formation of Cu surface oxides by the oxidation of Cu(111). We overcome this problem by using NO₂ as oxidizing agent to form well-ordered ZnO thin films covering the Cu(111) surface. The surface of the well-ordered ZnO thin films on Cu(111) displays mainly a moiré pattern, which suggests a (3 × 3) ZnO superlattice supported on a (4 × 4) supercell of Cu(111). The observation of this superstructure provides a direct experimental evidence for the recently proposed structural model of ZnO on Cu(111), which suggests that this superstructure exhibits the minimal strain. Our studies suggested that the surface structures of ZnO thin films could change depending on the oxidation level or the oxidant used. The oxidation of Cu(111) could also become a key factor for the growth of ZnO. When Cu(111) is pre-oxidized to form copper surface oxides, the growth mode of ZnO_x is altered and single-site Zn could be confined into the lattice of copper surface oxides. Our studies show that the growth of ZnO is promoted by inhibiting the diffusion of Zn into metal substrates and preventing the formation of sub-stoichiometric ZnO_x. In short, the use of an atomic oxygen source is advantageous to the growth of ZnO thin films on Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces.
- ZnO/Au(111),
- ZnO/Cu(111),
- STM,
- XPS,
- Model catalysis
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