Citation: HUANG Peng, YUAN Ligang, LI Yaowen, ZHOU Yi, SONG Bo. L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Codoped PEDOT:PSS as a Hole Transfer Layer: towards High-Performance Planar p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2018, 34(11): 1264-1271. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201804096 shu

L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Codoped PEDOT:PSS as a Hole Transfer Layer: towards High-Performance Planar p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

HUANG Peng ^§ ,
YUAN Ligang ^§ ,
LI Yaowen ^, ,
ZHOU Yi ^, ,
SONG Bo ^,

Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China

Corresponding author: LI Yaowen, ywli@suda.edu.cn ZHOU Yi, yizhou@suda.edu.cn SONG Bo, songbo@suda.edu.cn
Received Date: 27 February 2018
Revised Date: 3 April 2018
Accepted Date: 4 April 2018
Available Online: 9 November 2018
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51673139, 91633301), A Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China 91633301the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51673139

In the past decade, perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs) have attracted a great deal of attention owing to their soaring power conversion efficiency (PCE), up to 22.7% in 2017. In p-i-n type Pero-SCs, one of the most commonly used hole transport layer (HTL) materials is poly(3, 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), which possesses a high coverage and an extremely smooth surface. However, the inferior electrical conductivity (or large series resistance) and lower work function (WF) of PEDOT:PSS relative to many other HTL materials limits the open-circuit voltages of Pero-SCs. Furthermore, the hygroscopic property and the acidic nature of PEDOT:PSS can readily cause the degradation of perovskite, and thereby affect the long-term stability of Pero-SCs. The abovementioned disadvantages can hinder the application of PEDOT:PSS in high-performance and stable Pero-SCs; therefore, many efforts have been made to modify PEDOT:PSS to prevent these disadvantages, for instance, adding various organic solvents, surfactants, salts, or acids to PEDOT:PSS as dopants. In this paper, we report a simple codoping method to modify PEDOT:PSS, i.e., employing L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as codopants in PEDOT:PSS, and applying it as a HTL in p-i-n type Pero-SCs. Herein, DOPA and DMSO were mixed separately with PEDOT:PSS to obtain HTLs for comparison. The DMSO-doped PEDOT:PSS improved the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film, while the DOPA-doped PEDOT:PSS tuned the WF of the PEDOT:PSS film. Hence, codoping of DMSO and DOPA not only allows for a good match of the energy levels between PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite but also leads to an improvement in the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. The champion PCE of the Pero-SCs increased from 13.35% to 17.54% after DOPA and DMSO were codoped in PEDOT:PSS. Owing to their aligned energy levels and enhanced charge transportation, the detailed photovoltaic parameters were greatly improved. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the morphological change and crystallinity of the perovskite films. Morphological characterization also revealed that the density of grain boundaries in the perovskite films decreased, which should alleviate the charge recombination occurring in the photoactive layer. Both steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL characterizations were carried out, and they indicated that nonradiative recombination increased for the perovskite films prepared on the doped PEDOT:PSS films. This result explains the improved short-circuit current density. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to determine the resistances of the solar cells. The results are consistent with device performance and that reflected in the PL spectra.
- DOPA,
- DMSO,
- Doping,
- PEDOT:PSS,
- Perovskite solar cell
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