Citation: ZHOU Jingyuan, ZHANG Jin, LIU Zhongfan. Advanced Progress in the Synthesis of Graphdiyne[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2018, 34(9): 977-991. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201801243 shu

Advanced Progress in the Synthesis of Graphdiyne

ZHOU Jingyuan ^1,2 ,
ZHANG Jin ^1,, ,
LIU Zhongfan ^1,,

1.
Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
2.
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Jin, jinzhang@pku.edu.cn LIU Zhongfan, zfliu@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 6 December 2017
Revised Date: 8 January 2018
Accepted Date: 9 January 2018
Available Online: 24 June 2018
Fund Project: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21233001 and 51432002) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0200101 and 2016YFA0200104)the National Key R&D Program of Chinac 2016YFA0200101the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51432002the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21233001the National Key R&D Program of China 2016YFA0200104

Graphyne is a rapidly rising star material of carbon allotropes containing only sp and sp² hybridized carbon atoms forming extended two-dimensional layers. In particular, graphdiyne is an important member of graphyne family. With unique nanotopological pores, two-dimensional layered conjugated frameworks, and excellent semiconducting and optical properties, graphdiyne has displayed distinct superiorities in the fields of energy storage, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, nonlinear optics, electronics, gas separation, etc. Therefore, the synthesis of high-quality graphdiyne is highly required to fulfill its potentially extraordinary applications. Furthermore, the development of a standardized and systematic set of characterization procedures is an urgent need, and would be based on intrinsic samples. However, there are still obvious barriers to synthesizing this new-born carbon allotrope that can be mainly considered as follows. The selection and stability of monomers is essential for synthesis. The synthesis process in solution also suffers from an annoying problem of the relatively free rotation possible about the alkyne-aryl single bonds, which leads to the coexistence and rapid equilibration of coplanar and twisted structures. Furthermore, the limited reaction conversion and side reactions also lead to a confusion of configuration. In this review, we primarily focus on the state-of-the-art progress of the synthetic strategies for graphdiyne. First, we give a brief introduction about the structure of graphyne and graphdiyne. We subsequently discuss in detail the recent developments in synthetic methods that can mainly be divided into three aspects: total organic synthesis, on-surface covalent reaction, and polymerization in a solution phase. In particular, much progress in solution polymerization has been achieved since in-situ polymerization on Cu surface was reported in 2010. Liquid/liquid interface, gas/liquid interface, and surface template were also employed for confined reaction, and contribute significantly to the synthesis of a graphdiyne film. Through such strategies, graphdiyne with a well-defined structure and diverse morphologies could be achieved successfully. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the synthesis of graphdiyne are prospected. A more rational design is desired in terms of monomer modification and reaction regulation.
- Graphdiyne,
- Total synthesis,
- On-surface covalent reaction,
- Polymerization in solution phase,
- Morphology control
1. [1]
  Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183. doi: 10.1038/nmat1849 doi: 10.1038/nmat1849
2. [2]
  Krätschmer, W.; Huffman, D. R. Carbon 1992, 30, 1143. doi: 10.1016/0008-6223(92)90057-4 doi: 10.1016/0008-6223(92)90057-4
3. [3]
  Lijima, S.; Ichihashi, T. Nature 1993, 364, 737. doi: 10.1038/364737d0 doi: 10.1038/364737d0
4. [4]
  Baughman, R. H.; Eckhardt, H.; Kertesz, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87, 6687. doi: 10.1063/1.453405 doi: 10.1063/1.453405
5. [5]
  Ivanovskii, A. L. Prog. Solid State Chem. 2013, 41, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2012.12.001 doi: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2012.12.001
6. [6]
  Malko, D.; Neiss, C.; Viñes, F.; Görling, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 086804. doi: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2012.12.001 doi: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2012.12.001
7. [7]
  Chen, J.; Xi, J.; Wang, D.; Shuai, Z. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1443. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.086804 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.086804
8. [8]
  Yang, N.; Liu, Y.; Wen, H.; Tang, Z.; Zhao, H.; Li, Y.; Wang, D. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1504. doi: 10.1021/nn305288z doi: 10.1021/nn305288z
9. [9]
  Bhaskar, A.; Guda, R.; Haley, M. M.; Theodore Ⅲ J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 13972. doi: 10.1021/ja062709x doi: 10.1021/ja062709x
10. [10]
  Qi, H.; Yu, P.; Wang, Y.; Han, G.; Liu, H.; Yi, Y.; Li, Y.; Mao, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 5260. doi: 10.1021/ja5131337 doi: 10.1021/ja5131337
11. [11]
  Haley, M. M.; Brand, S. C.; Pak, J. J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36, 836. doi: 10.1002/anie.199708361 doi: 10.1002/anie.199708361
12. [12]
  Narita, N.; Nagai, S.; Suzuki, S.; Nakao, K. Phys. Rev. B 1998, 58, 11009. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11009 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11009
13. [13]
  Fasolino, A.; Los, J. H.; Katsnelson, M. I. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 858. doi: 10.1038/nmat2011 doi: 10.1038/nmat2011
14. [14]
  Meyer, J. C.; Geim, A. K.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Novoselov, K. S.; Obergfell, D.; Roth, S.; Girit, C.; Zettl, A. Solid State Commun. 2007, 143, 101. doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.02.047 doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.02.047
15. [15]
  Cranford, S. W.; Buehler, M. J. Carbon 2011, 49, 4111. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.05.024 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.05.024
16. [16]
  Zheng, Q.; Luo, G.; Liu, Q.; Quhe, R.; Zheng, J.; Tang, K.; Gao, Z.; Nagase, S.; Lu, J. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 3990. doi: 10.1039/C2NR12026G doi: 10.1039/C2NR12026G
17. [17]
  Matsuoka, R.; Sakamoto, R.; Hoshiko, K.; Sasaki, S.; Masunaga, H.; Nagashio, K.; Nishihara, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 3145. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b12776 doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b12776
18. [18]
  Li, C.; Lu, X.; Han, Y.; Tang, S.; Ding, Y.; Liu, R.; Bao, H.; Li, Y.; Luo, J.; Lu, T. Nano Res. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12274-017-1789-7 doi: 10.1007/s12274-017-1789-7
19. [19]
  Jiao, Y.; Du, A.; Hankel, M.; Zhu, Z.; Rudolph, V.; Smith, S. C. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 11843. doi: 10.1039/C1CC15129K doi: 10.1039/C1CC15129K
20. [20]
  Srinivasu, K.; Ghosh, S. K. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 5951. doi: 10.1021/jp212181h doi: 10.1021/jp212181h
21. [21]
  Luo, G.; Qian X. Liu H.; Qin R.; Zhou J.; Li L.; Gao Z.; Wang E.; Mei W.; Lu J.; Li Y.; Nagase S. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 075439. doi:/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075439 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075439
22. [22]
  Long, M.; Tang, L.; Wang, D.; Li, Y.; Shuai, Z. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 2593. doi: 10.1021/nn102472s doi: 10.1021/nn102472s
23. [23]
  Pei, Y. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 2012, 407, 4436. doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2012.07.026 doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2012.07.026
24. [24]
  Yue, Q.; Chang, S.; Kang, J.; Qin, S.; Li, J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 14804. doi: 10.1021/jp4021189 doi: 10.1021/jp4021189
25. [25]
  Chen, Y.; Liu, H.; Li, Y. Chin. Sci. Bull. 2016, 61, 2901. doi: 10.1306/N972016-00483 doi: 10.1306/N972016-00483
26. [26]
  Jia, Z.; Li, Y.; Zuo, Z.; Liu, H.; Huang, C.; Li, Y. Acc. Chem. Res. 2017, 50, 2470. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00205 doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00205
27. [27]
  Sun, C.; Searles, D. J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 26222. doi: 10.1021/jp309638z doi: 10.1021/jp309638z
28. [28]
  Huang, C.; Zhang, S.; Liu, H; Li, Y.; Cui, G.; Li, Y. Nano Energy 2015, 11, 481. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.036 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.036
29. [29]
  Du, H.; Yang, H.; Huang, C. He, J.; Liu, H.; Li, Y. Nano Energy, 2016, 22, 615. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.052 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.052
30. [30]
  Ren, H.; Shao, H. Zhang, L.; Guo, D.; Jin, Q.; Yu, R.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, H.; Wang, D. Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1500296. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201500296 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201500296
31. [31]
  Wang, S.; Yi, L.; Halpert, J. E.; Lai, X.; Liu, Y.; Cao, H.; Yu, , R.; Wang, D.; Li, Y. Small 2011, 8, 265. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101686 doi: 10.1002/smll.201101686
32. [32]
  Parvin, N.; Jin, Q.; Wei, Y.; Yu, R.; Zheng, B.; Huang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, H.; Gao, M.; Zhao, H.; Hu, W.; Li, Y.; Wang, D. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606755. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606755 doi: 10.1002/adma.201606755
33. [33]
  Li, Y.; Xu, L.; Liu, H.; Li, Y. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 2572. doi: 10.1039/C3CS60388A doi: 10.1039/C3CS60388A
34. [34]
  Li, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, H.; Guo, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhu, D. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 3256. doi: 10.1039/B922733D doi: 10.1039/B922733D
35. [35]
  Diederich, F.; Kivala, M. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 803. doi: 10.1002/adma.200902623 doi: 10.1002/adma.200902623
36. [36]
  Bell, M. L.; Chiechi, R. C.; Johnson, C. A.; Kimball, D. B.; Matzger, A. J.; Brad Wan, W.; Weakley, T. J. R.; Haley, M. M. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 3507. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00229-0 doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00229-0
37. [37]
  Wan, W. B.; Haley, M. M. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 3893. doi: 10.1021/jo010183n doi: 10.1021/jo010183n
38. [38]
  Haley, M. M.; Bell, M. L.; English, J. J.; Johnson, C. A.; Weakley, T. J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1997, 119, 2956. doi: 10.1021/ja964048h doi: 10.1021/ja964048h
39. [39]
  Marsden, J. A.; Haley, M. M. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 10213. doi: 10.1021/jo050926v doi: 10.1021/jo050926v
40. [40]
  Haley, M. M. Pure Appl. Chem. 2008, 80, 519. doi: 10.1351/pac200880030519 doi: 10.1351/pac200880030519
41. [41]
  Nishinaga, T.; Miyata, Y.; Nodera, N.; Komatsu, K. Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 3375. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.041 doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.041
42. [42]
  Sarkar, A.; Pak, J. J.; Rayfield, G. W.; Haley, M. M. J. Mater. Chem. 2001, 11, 2943. doi: 10.1039/B107182N doi: 10.1039/B107182N
43. [43]
  Marsden, J. A.; Palmer, G. J.; Haley, M. M. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 2003, 2355. doi: 10.1002/ejoc.200200630 doi: 10.1002/ejoc.200200630
44. [44]
  Wan, W. B.; Br, S. C.; Pak, J. J.; Haley, M. M. Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 6, 2044. doi: 10.1002/1521-3765(20000602)6:11 < 2044::AID-CHEM2044 > 3.0.CO; 2-Y doi: 10.1002/1521-3765(20000602)6:11<2044::AID-CHEM2044>3.0.CO;2-Y
45. [45]
  Wang, H.; Zhang, H.; Chi, L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2016, 32, 154. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201512041
46. [46]
  Klappenberger, F.; Zhang, Y. Q.; Björk, J.; Klyatskaya, S.; Ruben, M.; Barth, J. V. Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 2140. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00174 doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00174
47. [47]
  Gao, H. Y.; Wagner, H.; Zhong, D.; Franke, J. H.; Studer, A.; Fuchs, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4024. doi: 10.1002/anie.201208597 doi: 10.1002/anie.201208597
48. [48]
  Gao, H. Y.; Zhong, D.; Mönig, H.; Wagner, H.; Held, P. A.; Timmer, A.; Studer, A.; Fuchs, H. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 6272. doi: 10.1021/jp411889e doi: 10.1021/jp411889e
49. [49]
  Zhang, Y. Q.; Kepcija, N.; Kleinschrodt, M.; Diller, K.; Fischer, S.; Papageorgiou, A. C.; Allegretti, F.; Björk, J.; Klyatskaya, S.; Klappenberger, F. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3, 1286. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2291 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2291
50. [50]
  Cirera, B.; Zhang, Y. Q.; Björk, J.; Klyatskaya, S.; Chen, Z.; Ruben, M.; Barth, J. V.; Klappenberger, F. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1891. doi: 10.1021/nl4046747 doi: 10.1021/nl4046747
51. [51]
  Liu, J.; Ruffieux, P.; Feng, X.; Mullen, K.; Fasel, R. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 11200. doi: 10.1039/C4CC02859G doi: 10.1039/C4CC02859G
52. [52]
  Eichhorn, J.; Heckl, W. M.; Lackinger, M. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 2900. doi: 10.1039/C3CC40444G doi: 10.1039/C3CC40444G
53. [53]
  Yuan, Q.; Ding, F. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 12727. doi: 10.1039/C4NR03757J doi: 10.1039/C4NR03757J
54. [54]
  Kepčija, N.; Zhang, Y. Q.; Kleinschrodt, M.; Björk, J.; Klyatskaya, S.; Klappenberger, F.; Ruben, M.; Barth, J. V. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3987. doi: 10.1021/jp310606r doi: 10.1021/jp310606r
55. [55]
  Zhang, Y. Q.; J, Björk, J.; Weber, P.; Hellwig, R.; Diller, K.; Papageorgiou, A. C.; Oh, S. C.; Fischer, S.; Allegretti, F.; Klyatskaya, S.; Ruben, M.; Barth, J. V.; Klappenberger, F. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 9669. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02955 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02955
56. [56]
  Gao, H. Y.; Franke, J. H.; Wagner, H.; Zhong, D.; Held, P. A.; Studer, A.; Fuchs, H. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 18595. doi: 10.1021/jp406858p doi: 10.1021/jp406858p
57. [57]
  Dong, L.; Liu, P. N.; Lin, N. Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 2765. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00160 doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00160
58. [58]
  Eichhorn, J.; Strunskus, T.; Rastgoo-Lahrood, A.; Samanta, D.; Schmittel, M.; Lackinger, M. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 7680. doi: 10.1039/C4CC02757D doi: 10.1039/C4CC02757D
59. [59]
  Sun, Q.; Cai, L.; Ding, Y.; Xie, L.; Zhang, C.; Tan, Q.; Xu, W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 4549. doi: 10.1002/anie.201412307 doi: 10.1002/anie.201412307
60. [60]
  Sun, Q.; Cai, L.; Ma, H.; Yuan, C.; Xu, W. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 7023. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03048 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03048
61. [61]
  Liu, R.; Gao, X.; Zhou, J.; Xu, H.; Li, Z.; Zhang, S.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604665. doi: 10.1002/adma.201604665 doi: 10.1002/adma.201604665
62. [62]
  Huang, C.; Zhang, S.; Liu, H.; Li, Y.; Cui, G.; Li, Y. Nano Energy 2015, 11, 481. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.036 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.036
63. [63]
  Kuang, C.; Tang, G.; Jiu, T.; Yang, H.; Liu, H.; Li, B.; Luo, W.; Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Lu, F.; Fang, J.; Li, Y. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 2756. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00787 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00787
64. [64]
  Li, J.; Gao, X.; Jiang, X.; Li, X. B.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Tung, C. H.; Wu, L. Z. ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 5209. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01781 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01781
65. [65]
  Huang, C. S.; Li, Y. L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2016, 32, 1314. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201605035
66. [66]
  Kambe, T.; Sakamoto, R.; Kusamoto, T.; Pal, T.; Fukui, N.; Hoshiko, K.; Shimojima, T.; Wang, Z.; Hirahara, T.; Ishizaka, K.; Hasegawa, S.; Liu, F.; Nishihara, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 14357. doi: 10.1021/ja507619d doi: 10.1021/ja507619d
67. [67]
  Kambe, T.; Sakamoto, R.; Hoshiko, K.; Takada, K.; Miyachi, M.; Ryu, J. H.; Sasaki, S.; Kim, J.; Nakazato, K.; Takata, M.; Nishihara, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2462. doi: 10.1021/ja312380b doi: 10.1021/ja312380b
68. [68]
  Lahiri, N.; Lotfizadeh, N.; Tsuchikawa, R.; Deshpande, V. V.; Louie, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 19. doi: 110.1021/jacs.6b09889 doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b09889
69. [69]
  Sakamoto, R.; Hoshiko, K.; Liu, Q.; Yagi, T.; Nagayama, T.; Kusaka, S.; Tsuchiya, M.; Kitagawa, Y.; Wong, W. Y.; Nishihara, H. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6713. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7713 doi: 10.1038/ncomms7713
70. [70]
  Sakamoto, R.; Yagi, T.; Hoshiko, K.; Kusaka, S.; Matsuoka, R.; Maeda, H.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Q.; Wong, W. Y.; Nishihara, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 3526. doi: 10.1002/anie.201611785 doi: 10.1002/anie.201611785
71. [71]
  Huang, X.; Sheng, P.; Tu, Z.; Zhang, F.; Wang, J.; Geng, H.; Zou, Y.; Di, C. A.; Yi, Y.; Sun, Y.; Xu, W.; Zhu, D. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 7408. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8408 doi: 10.1038/ncomms8408
72. [72]
  Hoshiko, K.; Kambe, T.; Sakamoto, R.; Takada, K.; Nishihara, H. Chem. Lett. 2013, 43, 252. doi: 10.1246/cl.130882 doi: 10.1246/cl.130882
73. [73]
  Dai, W.; Shao, F.; Szczerbiński, J.; McCaffrey, R.; Zenobi, R.; Jin, Y.; Schlüter, A. D.; Zhang, W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 213. doi: 10.1002/anie.201508473 doi: 10.1002/anie.201508473
74. [74]
  Li, G.; Li, Y.; Qian, X.; Liu, H.; Lin, H.; Chen, N.; Li, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 2611. doi: 10.1021/jp107996f doi: 10.1021/jp107996f
75. [75]
  Qian, X.; Ning, Z.; Li, Y.; Liu, H.; Ouyang, C.; Chen, Q.; Li, Y. Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 730. doi: 10.1039/C1DT11641J doi: 10.1039/C1DT11641J
76. [76]
  Zhou, J.; Gao, X.; Liu, R.; Xie, Z.; Yang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, G.; Liu, H.; Li, Y.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 7596. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b04057 doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b04057
77. [77]
  Liu, R.; Zhou, J.; Gao, X.; Li, J.; Xie, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhang, S.; Tong, L.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2017, 1700122. doi: 10.1002/aelm.201700122 doi: 10.1002/aelm.201700122
78. [78]
  Gao, X.; Ren, H.; Zhou, J.; Du, R.; Yin, C.; Liu, R.; Peng, H.; Tong, L.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, J. Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 5777. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01838 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01838
79. [79]
  Gao, X.; Zhou, J.; Du, R.; Xie, Z.; Deng, S.; Liu, R.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, J. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 168. doi: 10.1002/adma.201504407 doi: 10.1002/adma.201504407
80. [80]
  Kim, K.; Santos, E. J. G.; Lee, T. H.; Nishi, Y.; Bao, Z. Small 2015, 11, 2037. doi: 10.1002/smll.201403006 doi: 10.1002/smll.201403006
81. [81]
  Kim, K.; Lee, T. H.; Santos, E. J. G.; Jo, P. S.; Salleo, A.; Nishi, Y.; Bao, Z. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 5922. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00581 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00581
82. [82]
  Kang, S. J.; Lee, G. H.; Yu, Y. J.; Zhao, Y.; Kim, B.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Hone, J.; Kim, P.; Nuckolls, C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 5157. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201400348 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201400348
83. [83]
  Liu, X. H.; Guan, C. Z.; Wang, D.; Wan, L. J. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6912. doi: 10.1002/adma.201305317 doi: 10.1002/adma.201305317
84. [84]
  Colson, J. W.; Woll, A. R.; Mukherjee, A.; Levendorf, M. P.; Spitler, E. L.; Shields, V. B.; Spencer, M. G.; Park, J.; Dichtel, W. R. Science 2011, 332, 228. doi: 10.1126/science.1202747 doi: 10.1126/science.1202747
85. [85]
  Arnold, M. S.; Stupp, S. I.; Hersam, M. C. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 713. doi: 10.1021/nl050133o doi: 10.1021/nl050133o
86. [86]
  Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 4031. doi: 10.1021/nl902200b doi: 10.1021/nl902200b
87. [87]
  Liu, H.; Nishide, D.; Tanaka, T.; Kataura, H. Nat. Commun. 2011, 2, 309. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1313 doi: 10.1038/ncomms1313
88. [88]
  Jin, Y.; Yu, C.; Denman, R. J.; Zhang, W. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 6634. doi: 10.1039/C3CS60044K doi: 10.1039/C3CS60044K
89. [89]
  Liu, X. H.; Guan, C. Z.; Ding, S. Y.; Wang, W.; Yan, H. J.; Wang, D.; Wan, L. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10470. doi: 10.1021/ja403464h doi: 10.1021/ja403464h
90. [90]
  Wu, B.; Li, M.; Xiao, S.; Qu, Y.; Qiu, X.; Liu, T.; Tian, F. Li, H.; Xiao, S. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 11939. doi: 10.1039/C7NR02247F doi: 10.1039/C7NR02247F
91. [91]
  Kabalka, G. W.; Wang, L.; Pagni, R. M. Synlett 2001, 2001, 0108. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-9726 doi: 10.1055/s-2001-9726
92. [92]
  Schmidt, R.; Thorwirth, R.; Szuppa, T.; Stolle, A.; Ondruschka, B.; Hopf, H. Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 8129. doi: 10.1002/chem.201100604 doi: 10.1002/chem.201100604
93. [93]
  Zuo, Z.; Shang, H.; Chen, Y.; Li, J.; Liu, H.; Li, Y.; Li, Y. Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 8074. doi: 10.1039/C7CC03200E doi: 10.1039/C7CC03200E
1. [1]
  Yiying Yang , Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074
2. [2]
  Qin ZHU , Jiao MA , Zhihui QIAN , Yuxu LUO , Yujiao GUO , Mingwu XIANG , Xiaofang LIU , Ping NING , Junming GUO . Morphological evolution and electrochemical properties of cathode material LiAl_0.08Mn_1.92O₄ single crystal particles. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1549-1562. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240022
3. [3]
  Zhengyu Zhou , Huiqin Yao , Youlin Wu , Teng Li , Noritatsu Tsubaki , Zhiliang Jin . Synergistic Effect of Cu-Graphdiyne/Transition Bimetallic Tungstate Formed S-Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2312010-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202312010
4. [4]
  Cheng Zheng , Shiying Zheng , Yanping Zhang , Shoutian Zheng , Qiaohua Wei . Synthesis, Copper Content Analysis, and Luminescent Performance Study of Binuclear Copper (I) Complexes with Isomeric Luminescence Shift: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment Recommendation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 322-329. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310131
5. [5]
  Zhihuan XU , Qing KANG , Yuzhen LONG , Qian YUAN , Cidong LIU , Xin LI , Genghuai TANG , Yuqing LIAO . Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide/ZnS. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1329-1336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230447
6. [6]
  Yongpo Zhang , Xinfeng Li , Yafei Song , Mengyao Sun , Congcong Yin , Chunyan Gao , Jinzhong Zhao . Synthesis of Chlorine-Bridged Binuclear Cu(I) Complexes Based on Conjugation-Driven Cu(II) Oxidized Secondary Amines. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 44-51. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309092
7. [7]
  Hongyan Chen , Yajun Hou , Shui Hu , Zhuoxun Wei , Fang Zhu , Chengyong Su . Construction of Synthetic Chemistry Experiment of the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 58-63. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409109
8. [8]
  Zijian Zhao , Yanxin Shi , Shicheng Li , Wenhong Ruan , Fang Zhu , Jijun Jiang . A New Exploration of the Preparation of Polyacrylic Acid by Free Radical Polymerization Based on the Concept of Green Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 315-324. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311094
9. [9]
  Minna Ma , Yujin Ouyang , Yuan Wu , Mingwei Yuan , Lijuan Yang . Green Synthesis of Medical Chemiluminescence Reagents by Photocatalytic Oxidation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 134-143. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310093
10. [10]
  Cunming Yu , Dongliang Tian , Jing Chen , Qinglin Yang , Kesong Liu , Lei Jiang . Chemistry “101 Program” Synthetic Chemistry Experiment Course Construction: Synthesis and Properties of Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Functional Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 101-106. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408008
11. [11]
  Xinting XIONG , Zhiqiang XIONG , Panlei XIAO , Xuliang NIE , Xiuying SONG , Xiuguang YI . Synthesis, crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and antifungal activity of two complexes Na(Ⅰ)/Cd(Ⅱ) assembled by 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzoic acid ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1661-1670. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240145
12. [12]
  Cheng Rong , Jiang Jiang , Xinyu Zheng . Constructivism and Deconstructivism in General Chemistry Teaching: Taking the Teaching of Colloidal Solutions as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 292-297. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308035
13. [13]
  Yinuo Wu , Jiantao Ye , Xie Zhou , Yu Qian , Lei Guo . Teaching Design of Basic Chemistry Based on PBL Methodology for Medical Undergraduates: A Case Study on “Osmotic Pressure of Solution”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 149-157. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309077
14. [14]
  Xinxue Li . The Application of Reverse Thinking in Teaching of Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression of Dilute Solutions in General Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 359-364. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401075
15. [15]
  Liangzhen Hu , Li Ni , Ziyi Liu , Xiaohui Zhang , Bo Qin , Yan Xiong . A Green Chemistry Experiment on Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzophenone. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 350-356. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312001
16. [16]
  Jin Yan , Chengxia Tong , Yajie Li , Yue Gu , Xuejian Qu , Shigang Wei , Wanchun Zhu , Yupeng Guo . Construction of a “Dual Support, Triple Integration” Chemical Safety Practical Education System. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 69-75. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405008
17. [17]
  Xuzhen Wang , Xinkui Wang , Dongxu Tian , Wei Liu . Enhancing the Comprehensive Quality and Innovation Abilities of Graduate Students through a “Student-Centered, Dual Integration and Dual Drive” Teaching Model: A Case Study in the Course of Chemical Reaction Kinetics. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 160-165. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401074
18. [18]
  Lan Ma , Cailu He , Ziqi Liu , Yaohan Yang , Qingxia Ming , Xue Luo , Tianfeng He , Liyun Zhang . Magical Surface Chemistry: Fabrication and Application of Oil-Water Separation Membranes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 218-227. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311046
19. [19]
  Honglian Liang , Xiaozhe Kuang , Fuping Wang , Yu Chen . Exploration and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education into Physical Chemistry: a Case on Surface Tension and Gibbs Free Energy. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 433-440. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405073
20. [20]
  Li Jiang , Changzheng Chen , Yang Su , Hao Song , Yanmao Dong , Yan Yuan , Li Li . Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline and Its Anticorrosive Application: Improvement and Innovative Design of the “Chemical Synthesis of Polyaniline” Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 336-344. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309002

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(21)
Abstract views(1148)
HTML views(214)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142