Citation: WANG Yong-Fang, ZUO Song-Lin. Electrochemical Properties of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbon Electrodes on Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2016, 32(2): 481-492. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511041 shu

Electrochemical Properties of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbon Electrodes on Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors

WANG Yong-Fang ,
ZUO Song-Lin ^,

1.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China

Corresponding author: ZUO Song-Lin,
Received Date: 30 June 2015
Available Online: 3 November 2015
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(31270621) (31270621)国家林业局948引进项目(2012-4-08)资助 (2012-4-08)

Different kinds of phosphorus-containing activated carbons were prepared by phosphoric acid activation of lignocellulosic precursor and modification with H₃PO₄. Elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption were employed to analyze the elemental content, surface chemistry, and pore structures of the activated carbons. The electrochemical properties of the carbon materials were characterized for their application as supercapacitors in KOH and H₂SO₄ electrolytes using galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analyses. A statistical analysis by an intercept-free multiple linear regression method was employed to investigate the factors that influence the specific capacitance of activated carbon electrodes. In addition, a three-electrode cell setup was used to analyze the cause of the phosphorus contribution on capacitance. The results show that phosphorus increases the specific capacitance of activated carbons by the introduction of pseudo-capacitance; the activated carbon with phosphorus content of 5.88% (w) exhibits a specific capacitance of 185 F·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1. The statistical analysis showed that mesopores facilitate an access of electrolyte ions to the surface of micropores. The pores in the width ranges of 1.10-1.61 nm, 2.12-2.43 nm and 3.94 -4.37 nm benefit the formation of the electric double layer in 6 mol·L^-1 KOH electrolyte; the pores with sizes of 0.67-0.72 nm have a positive effect in 1 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄ electrolyte.
- Activated carbon,
- Phosphorus functional group,
- Pore structure,
- Pseudo-capacitance,
- Supercapacitor
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