Citation: WU Xiao-Min, YUAN Xiao-Hui, XUE Shu-Lei, ZHA Ling-Sheng, WANG Guang-Li, ZHANG Hai-Jun. Research Progress of the Trp-Cage Formation and Its Folding Mechanism[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2013, 29(09): 1842-1850. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201307011 shu

Research Progress of the Trp-Cage Formation and Its Folding Mechanism

1.
1 Key Laboratory of Resource and Plant Biology of Anhui Province, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, Anhui Province, P. R. China;
2 National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Bio-resource Ecological Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China;
3 Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China

Received Date: 26 February 2013
Available Online: 1 July 2013
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(81272377, 31100083) (81272377, 31100083)安徽省自然科学基金(1208085QC58) (1208085QC58)安徽省高校省级自然科学研究项目(KJ2012B163,2012SQRL225) (KJ2012B163,2012SQRL225)淮北师范大学引进人才基金(600698)资助 (600698)

Protein folding is considered one of the most important topics in structural biology. An in-depth understanding of the folding-function relationship is one of the most important subjects for biologists, and is of interest to scientific researchers in other disciplines. The folding of proteins is often completed within the order of milliseconds to seconds, whereas the underlying atomistic details corresponding to structural alterations and intermolecular interactions often occur on the nanosecond or even smaller timescales. Accordingly, the unambiguous description of complicated folding behaviors remains inaccessible to routine experimental and theoretically-calculated resolutions. In this paper, we reviewthe problems that exist in recent experimental and theoretical studies examining the protein folding mechanism. The Trp-cage is a fast-folding mini-protein containing merely 20 amino acid residues, but adopts a well-packed hydrophobic core and tertiary contacts. Herein, we use the Trp-cage as an example and summarize the experimental and theoretical research carried out on the Trp-cage formation and its folding mechanism. The presentation primarily focuses on three aspects: (1) the folding temperature; (2) the folding initiation and proposed folding mechanisms; and (3) the role of key residues and its driving force for the folding of the Trp-cage mini-protein. Finally, we provide some suggestions on how to effectively simplify the complicated interaction networks of the Trp-cage mini-protein and decrease the complexity of the folding mechanism. This helps us to clarify the respective and cooperative contributions of residues involved in the formation of the Trp-cage and its folding dynamics, as well as provide useful insights for folding studies and more efficient rational peptide design.
- Experimental and theoretical simulation,
- Folding mechanism,
- Transition temperature,
- Residue mutation,
- Key residue
1. [1]
  
  (1) Yan, L. F.; Sun, Z. R. Molecular Structure of Protein; TsinghuaUniversity Press: Beijing, 1999. [阎隆飞,孙之荣.蛋白质分子结构.北京:清华大学出版社, 1999.]
2. [2]
  (2) Vendruscolo, M. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2007, 17, 15. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.01.002
3. [3]
  (3) Fink, A. L. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2005, 15, 35. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.01.002
4. [4]
  (4) Karplus, M.; McCammon, J. A. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2002, 9, 646.doi: 10.1038/nsb0902-646
5. [5]
  (5) Parak, F. G. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2003, 66, 103. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/66/2/201
6. [6]
  (6) Thomas, P. J.; Qu, B. H.; Pedersen, P. L. Trends Biochem. Sci.1995, 20, 456. doi: 10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89100-8
7. [7]
  (7) Gellman, S. H.; Woolfson, D. N. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2002, 9, 408.doi: 10.1038/nsb0602-408
8. [8]
  (8) Chellgren, B. W.; Creamer, T. P. Biochemistry 2004, 43, 5864.doi: 10.1021/bi049922v
9. [9]
  (9) Woody, R. Adv. Biophys. Chem. 1992, 2, 37.
10. [10]
  (10) Zhang, Z. Q. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2012, 28, 2381. [张竹青.物理化学学报, 2012, 28, 2381.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201209144
11. [11]
  (11) Chen, K. X.; Jiang, H. L.; Ji, R. Y. Computer Aided Drug Design——Principle, Methods and Application; ShanghaiScientific Technology Press: Shanghai, 2000. [陈凯先, 蒋华良, 嵇汝运.计算机辅助药物设计——原理、方法及应用. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2000.]
12. [12]
  (12) Thirumalai, D.; Liu, Z. X.; O'Brien, E. P.; Reddy, G. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2013, 23, 22. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2012.11.010
13. [13]
  (13) Cai, W. S.; Chipot, C. Acta Chim. Sin. 2013, 71, 159. [蔡文生,Chipot, C.化学学报, 2013, 71, 159.] doi: 10.6023/A12110930
14. [14]
  (14) Fuentes, G.; Nederveen, A. J.; Kaptein, R.; Boelens, R.; Bonvin,A. M. J. Biomol. NMR 2005, 33, 175. doi: 10.1007/s10858-005-3207-9
15. [15]
  (15) Wong, K. B.; Clarke, J.; Bond, C. J.; Neira, J. L.; Freund, S. M.;Fersht, A. R.; Daggett, V. J. Mol. Biol. 2000, 296, 1257. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3523
16. [16]
  (16) Engen, J. R. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 7870. doi: 10.1021/ac901154s
17. [17]
  (17) Iacob, R. E; Engen, J. R. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 23,1003. doi: 10.1007/s13361-012-0377-z
18. [18]
  (18) Dill, K. A.; Ozkan, B. S.; Shell, M.; Weikl, T. R. Ann. Rev. Biophys. 2008, 37, 289. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.092707.153558
19. [19]
  (19) Onuchic, J. N.; Wolyness, P. G. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2004,14, 70. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2004.01.009
20. [20]
  (20) Rizzuti, B.; Daggett, V. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2013, 531,128. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.015
21. [21]
  (21) Lindorff-Larsen, K.; Piana, S.; Dror, R. O.; Shaw, D. E. Science2011, 334, 517. doi: 10.1126/science.1208351
22. [22]
  (22) Shaw, D. E.; Maragakis, P.; Lindorff-Larsen, K.; Piana, S.; Dror,R. O.; Eastwood, M. P.; Bank, J. A.; Jumper, J. M.; Salmon, J.K.; Shan, Y.; Wriggers, W. Science 2010, 330, 341. doi: 10.1126/science.1187409
23. [23]
  (23) Chan, H. S.; Zhang, Z.; Wallin, S.; Liu, Z. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2011, 62, 301. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103405
24. [24]
  (24) odfellow, J. M.; Moss, D. S. Computer Modeling of Biomolecular Process; Bllis Horwood: NewYork, 1992.
25. [25]
  (25) Warshel, A. Computer Modeling of Chemical Reactions in Enzymes and Solutions; Jonh Wilev&Sons: NewYork, 1991.
26. [26]
  (26) Leopold, P.; Montal, M.; Onuchic, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1992, 89, 8721. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.18.8721
27. [27]
  (27) Bryngelson, J. D.; Onuchic, J. N.; Socci, N. D.; Wolynes, P. G.Proteins 1995, 21, 167.
28. [28]
  (28) Mirny, L. A.; Shakhnovich, E. I. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 2001, 30, 361. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.30.1.361
29. [29]
  (29) Dill, K. A.; Chan, H. S. Nat. Struct. Biol. 1997, 4, 10. doi: 10.1038/nsb0197-10
30. [30]
  (30) Anfinsen, C. B. Science 1973, 181, 223. doi: 10.1126/science.181.4096.223
31. [31]
  (31) Thukral, L.; Smith, J. C.; Daidone, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009,131, 18147. doi: 10.1021/ja9064365
32. [32]
  (32) Ma, B.; Nussinov, R. J. Mol. Biol. 2000, 296, 1091. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3518
33. [33]
  (33) Wu, X. M.; Yang, G.; Zu, Y. G.; Zhou, L. J. Comput. Biol. Chem. 2012, 38, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2012.02.003
34. [34]
  (34) Liu, F. F.; Dong, X. Y.; Sun, Y. J. Mol. Graph. Model. 2008, 27,421. doi: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.07.002
35. [35]
  (35) Li, W.; Zhang, J.; Su, Y.; Wang, J.; Qin, M.; Wang, W. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 13814. doi: 10.1021/jp076213t
36. [36]
  (36) Lazo, N. D.; Grant, M. A.; Condron, M. C.; Rigby, A. C.;Teplow, D. B. Protein Sci. 2005, 14, 1581.
37. [37]
  (37) Guarnera, E.; Pellarin, R.; Caflisch, A. Biophys. J. 2009, 97,1737. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.06.047
38. [38]
  (38) Cecchini, M.; Curcio, R.; Pappalardo, M.; Melki, R.; Caflisch,A. J. Mol. Biol. 2006, 357, 1306. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.009
39. [39]
  (39) Convertino, M.; Pellarin, R.; Catto, M.; Carotti, A.; Caflisch, A.Protein Sci. 2009, 18, 792.
40. [40]
  (40) Scherzer-Attali, R.; Pellarin, R.; Convertino, M.; Frydman-Marom, A.; E z-Matia, N.; Peled, S.; Levy-Sakin, M.; Shalev,D. E.; Caflisch, A.; Gazit, E.; Segal, D. PloS One 2010, 5,e11101.
41. [41]
  (41) Terwilliger, T. C.; Eisenberg, D. J. Biol. Chem. 1982, 257, 6016.
42. [42]
  (42) Tanizaki, S.; Clifford, J.; Connelly, B. D.; Feig, M. Biophys. J.2008, 94, 747. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.116236
43. [43]
  (43) Predeus, A. V.; Gul, S.; pal, S. M.; Feig, M. J. Phys. Chem. B2012, 116, 8610. doi: 10.1021/jp300129u
44. [44]
  (44) Shao, Q.; Zhu, W. L.; Gao, Y. Q. J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 116,13848. doi: 10.1021/jp307684h
45. [45]
  (45) Halabis, A.; Zmudzinska, W.; Liwo, A.; O?dziej, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 116, 6898. doi: 10.1021/jp212630y
46. [46]
  (46) Adams, C. M.; Kjeldsen, F.; Zubarev, R. A.; Budnik, B. A.;Haselmann, K. F. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15,1087. doi: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.04.026
47. [47]
  (47) Miklos, A. C.; Sarkar, M.; Wang, Y.; Pielak, G. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7116. doi: 10.1021/ja200067p
48. [48]
  (48) Feig, M.; Sugita, Y. J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 116, 599. doi: 10.1021/jp209302e
49. [49]
  (49) Klein-Seetharaman, J.; Oikawa, M.; Grimshaw, S. B.;Wirmer,J.; Duchardt, E.; Ueda, T.; Imoto, T.; Smith, L. J.; Dobson, C.M.; Schwalbe, H. Science 2002, 295, 1719. doi: 10.1126/science.1067680
50. [50]
  (50) Radford, S. E.; Dobson, C. M.; Evans, P. A. Nature 1992, 358,302. doi: 10.1038/358302a0
51. [51]
  (51) Xu, J.; Baase, W. A.; Baldwin, E.; Matthews, B. W. Protein Sci.1998, 7, 158.
52. [52]
  (52) Li, W.; Zhang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008,130, 892. doi: 10.1021/ja075302g
53. [53]
  (53) Palmer, A. G., III; Rance, M.; Wright, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1991, 113, 4371. doi: 10.1021/ja00012a001
54. [54]
  (54) Gronenborn, A. M.; Filpula, D. R.; Essig, N. Z.; Achari, A.;Whitlow, M.; Wingfield, P. T.; Clore, G. M. Science 1991, 253,657. doi: 10.1126/science.1871600
55. [55]
  (55) Odaert, B.; Jean, F.; Boutillon, C.; Buisine, E.; Melnyk, O.;Tartar, A.; Lippens, G. Protein Sci. 1999, 8, 2773.
56. [56]
  (56) Dahiyat, B. I.; Mayo, S. L. Science 1997, 278, 82. doi: 10.1126/science.278.5335.82
57. [57]
  (57) McCallister, E. L.; Alm, E.; Baker, D. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2000, 7,669. doi: 10.1038/77971
58. [58]
  (58) Kmiecik, S.; Kolinski, A. Biophys. J. 2008, 94, 726. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.116095
59. [59]
  (59) Hu, J. P.; He, H. Q.; Jiao, X.; Chang, S. Mol. Simulat. 2013, doi: 10.1080/08927022.2013.773431
60. [60]
  (60) Jorgensen, W. L.; Tirado-Rives, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110,1657. doi: 10.1021/ja00214a001
61. [61]
  (61) Jorgensen, W. L.; Maxwell, D. S.; Tirado-Rives, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11225. doi: 10.1021/ja9621760
62. [62]
  (62) Christen, M.; Hunenberger, P. H.; Bakowies, D.; Baron, R.;Bürgi, R.; Geerke, D. P.; Heinz, T. N.; Kastenholz, M. A.;Kräutler, V.; Oostenbrink, C.; Peter, C.; Trzesniak, D.; vanGunsteren, W. F. J. Comput. Chem. 2005, 26, 1719.
63. [63]
  (63) Hess, B.; Kutzner, C.; van der Spoel, D.; Lindahl, E. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2008, 4, 435. doi: 10.1021/ct700301q
64. [64]
  (64) Weiner, S. J.; Kollman, P. A.; Case, D. A.; Singh, C.; Ghio, C.;Ala na, G.; Profeta, S.; Weiner, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984,106, 765. doi: 10.1021/ja00315a051
65. [65]
  (65) Brooks, B. R.; Bruccoleri, R. E.; Olafson, B. D.; States, D. J.;Swaminathan, S.; Karplus, M. J. Comput. Chem. 1983, 4, 187.
66. [66]
  (66) Halgren, T. A.; Damm, W. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2001, 11,236. doi: 10.1016/S0959-440X(00)00196-2
67. [67]
  (67) Kaminski, G. A.; Stern, H. A.; Berne, B. J.; Friesner, R. A.; Cao,Y. X.; Murphy, R. B.; Zhou, R.; Halgren, T. A. J. Comput. Chem. 2002, 23, 1515. doi: 10.1002/jcc.10125
68. [68]
  (68) Jorgensen, W. L. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2007, 3, 1877. doi: 10.1021/ct700252g
69. [69]
  (69) Wu, X. M.; Yang, G.; Zhou, L. J. Theor. Chem. Acc. 2012, 131,1229. doi: 10.1007/s00214-012-1229-4
70. [70]
  (70) Wu, X. M.; Yang, G.; Zu, Y. G.; Fu, Y. J.; Zhou, L. J.; Yuan, X.H. Mol. Simulat. 2012, 38, 161. doi: 10.1080/08927022.2011.610795
71. [71]
  (71) Neidigh, J. W.; Fesinmeyer, R. M.; Andersen, N. H. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2002, 9, 425. doi: 10.1038/nsb798
72. [72]
  (72) Qiu, L.; Pabit, S. A.; Roitberg, A. E.; Hagen, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12952. doi: 10.1021/ja0279141
73. [73]
  (73) Neuweiler, H.; Doose, S.; Sauer, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102, 16650. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507351102
74. [74]
  (74) Streicher, W. W.; Makhatadze, G. I. Biochemistry 2007, 46,2876. doi: 10.1021/bi602424x
75. [75]
  (75) Iavarone, A. T.; Parks, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127,8606. doi: 10.1021/ja051788u
76. [76]
  (76) Qiu, L. L.; Hagen, S. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 307, 243. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.04.030
77. [77]
  (77) Qiu, L. L.; Hagen, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3398. doi: 10.1021/ja049966r
78. [78]
  (78) Ahmed, Z.; Beta, I. A.; Mikhonin, A. V.; Asher, S. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 10943. doi: 10.1021/ja050664e
79. [79]
  (79) Paschek, D.; Nymeyer, H.; Garcia, A. E. J. Struct. Biol. 2007,157, 524. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.10.031
80. [80]
  (80) Pitera, J. W.; Swope, W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2003,100, 7587. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1330954100
81. [81]
  (81) Zhou, R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2003, 100, 13280. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2233312100
82. [82]
  (82) Chowdhury, S.; Lee, M. C.; Duan, Y. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004,108, 13855. doi: 10.1021/jp0478920
83. [83]
  (83) Hu, Z.; Tang, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhang, X.; Lei, M. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2008, 475, 140. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.04.024
84. [84]
  (84) Juraszek, J.; Bolhuis, P. G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006,103, 15859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606692103
85. [85]
  (85) Day, R.; Paschek, D.; García, A. E. Proteins 2010, 78, 1889.
86. [86]
  (86) Duan, L. L.; Mei, Y.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, Q. G.; Zhang, D. W.;Zhang, J. Z. H. Sci. China Ser. B 2010, 53, 196. doi: 10.1007/s11426-009-0196-7
87. [87]
  (87) Mei, Y.; Wei, C. Y.; Yip, Y. M.; Ho, C. Y.; Zhang, J. Z. H.;Zhang, D. W. Theor. Chem. Acc. 2012, 131, 1168. doi: 10.1007/s00214-012-1168-0
88. [88]
  (88) Mok, K. H.; Kuhn, L. T.; ez, M.; Day, I. J.; Lin, J. C.;Andersen, N. H.; Hore, P. J. Nature 2007, 447, 106. doi: 10.1038/nature05728
89. [89]
  (89) Brylinski, M.; Konieczny, L.; Roterman, I. Comput. Biol. Chem. 2006, 30, 255. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2006.04.007
90. [90]
  (90) Arai, M.; Kondrashkina, E.; Kayatekin, C.; Matthews, C. R.;Iwakura, M.; Bilsel, O. J. Mol. Biol. 2007, 368, 219. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.01.085
91. [91]
  (91) Dill, K. A.; Fiebig, K. M.; Chan, H. S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90, 1942. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.5.1942
92. [92]
  (92) Barua, B.; Lin, J. C.; Williams, V. D.; Kummler, P.; Neidigh, J.W.; Andersen, N. H. Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 2008, 21, 171. doi: 10.1093/protein/gzm082
93. [93]
  (93) Wu, X. M.; Zu, Y. G.; Yang, Z. W.; Fu, Y. J.; Zhou, L. J.; Yang,G. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2009, 25, 773. [吴晓敏, 祖元刚,杨志伟, 付玉杰,周丽君,杨刚.物理化学学报, 2009, 25,773.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20090333
94. [94]
  (94) Wu, X. M.; Yang, G.; Zu, Y. G.; Fu, Y. J.; Yuan, X. H. Comput. Theor. Chem. 2011, 973 (1-3), 1.
95. [95]
  (95) Yao, X. Q.; She, Z. S. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2008,373, 64. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.179
96. [96]
  (96) Gao, M.; Zhu, H. Q.; Yao, X. Q.; She, Z. S. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2010, 392, 95. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.003
97. [97]
  (97) Gao, M.; Yao, X. Q.; She, Z. S.; Liu, Z. R.; Zhu, H. Q. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2010, 26, 1998. [高萌, 姚新秋, 佘振苏,刘志荣, 朱怀球.物理化学学报, 2010, 26, 1998.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20100733
98. [98]
  (98) Bunagan, M. R.; Yang, X.; Saven, J. G.; Gai, F. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 3759.
99. [99]
  (99) Day, R.; Bennion, B. J.; Ham, S.; Daggett, V. J. Mol. Biol.2002, 322, 189. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00672-1
100. [100]
  (100) Zhou, R. H.; Berne, B. J.; Germain, R. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98, 14931. doi: 10.1073/pnas.201543998
101. [101]
  (101) Settanni, G.; Fersht, A. R. Biophys. J. 2008, 94, 4444. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.122606
102. [102]
  (102) Kony, D. B.; Hünenberger, P. H.; van Gunsteren, W. F. Protein Sci. 2007, 16, 1101.
103. [103]
  (103) Wroblowski, B.; Diaz, J. F.; Heremans, K.; Engelborghs, Y.Proteins 1996, 25, 446.
104. [104]
  (104) Wang, J. H.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Liu, H. Y.; Shi, Y. Y. Acta Biophys. Sin. 2004, 20, 315. [王吉华,张志勇, 刘海燕, 施蕴渝. 生物物理学报, 2004, 20, 315.]
105. [105]
  (105) Hillson, N.; Onuchic, J. N.; García, A. E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1999, 96, 14848. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.14848
106. [106]
  (106) Bennion, B. J.; Daggett, V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.2003, 100, 5142. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0930122100
107. [107]
  (107) Rogne, P.; Ozdowy, P.; Richter, C.; Saxena, K.; Schwalbe, H.;Kuhn, L. T. PloS One 2012, 7, e41301.
108. [108]
  (108) Rief, M.; Gautel, M.; Oesterhelt, F.; Fernandez, J. M.; Gaub,H. E. Science 1997, 276, 1109. doi: 10.1126/science.276.5315.1109
109. [109]
  (109) Fernandez, J. M.; Li, H. Science 2004, 303, 1674. doi: 10.1126/science.1092497
110. [110]
  (110) Karsai, á.; Kellermayer, M. S.; Harris, S. P. Biophys. J. 2011,101, 1968. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.08.030
111. [111]
  (111) Borgia, A.; Steward, A.; Clarke, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit.2008, 47, 6900. doi: 10.1002/anie.v47:36
112. [112]
  (112) Garcia-Manyes, S.; Dougan, L.; Badilla, C. L.; Brujic, J.;Fernandez, J. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106,10534. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0901213106
113. [113]
  (113) Wu, X. M.; Yang, G.; Zu, Y. G.; Yang, Z. W.; Zhou, L. J. In Silico Biol. 2009, 9, 271.
114. [114]
  (114) Yang, G.; Wu, X. M.; Zu, Y. G.; Yang, Z. W.; Zhou, L. J.J. Theor. Comput. Chem. 2009, 8, 317.
1. [1]
  Fei Xie , Chengcheng Yuan , Haiyan Tan , Alireza Z. Moshfegh , Bicheng Zhu , Jiaguo Yu . d带中心调控过渡金属单原子负载COF吸附O₂的理论计算研究. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2407013-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407013
2. [2]
  Zhonghua Xi , Xuanfeng Kong , Jinyue Yang , Bin Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Hui Zhang , Wenwei Zhang . Construction of Public Teaching Instrument Platform and Exploration of Opening Mechanism. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 200-206. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405123
3. [3]
  Congying Lu , Fei Zhong , Zhenyu Yuan , Shuaibing Li , Jiayao Li , Jiewen Liu , Xianyang Hu , Liqun Sun , Rui Li , Meijuan Hu . Experimental Improvement of Surfactant Interface Chemistry: An Integrated Design for the Fusion of Experiment and Simulation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 283-293. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308097
4. [4]
  Qingying Gao , Tao Luo , Jianyuan Su , Chaofan Yu , Jiazhu Li , Bingfei Yan , Wenzuo Li , Zhen Zhang , Yi Liu . Refinement and Expansion of the Classic Cinnamic Acid Synthesis Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 243-250. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311074
5. [5]
  Xuan Zhou , Yi Fan , Zhuoqi Jiang , Zhipeng Li , Guowen Yuan , Laiying Zhang , Xu Hou . Liquid Gating Mechanism and Basic Properties Characterization: a New Experimental Design for Interface and Surface Properties in the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 113-120. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407111
6. [6]
  Pingping Zhu , Yongjun Xie , Yuanping Yi , Yu Huang , Qiang Zhou , Shiyan Xiao , Haiyang Yang , Pingsheng He . Excavation and Extraction of Ideological and Political Elements for the Virtual Simulation Experiments at Molecular Level: Taking the Project “the Simulation and Computation of Conformation, Morphology and Dimensions of Polymer Chains” as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 83-88. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309063
7. [7]
  Hua Hou , Baoshan Wang . Course Ideology and Politics Education in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 307-313. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309045
8. [8]
  Yiying Yang , Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074
9. [9]
  Tianlong Zhang , Rongling Zhang , Hongsheng Tang , Yan Li , Hua Li . Online Monitoring and Mechanistic Analysis of 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DAT) Synthesis via Raman Spectroscopy: A Recommendation for a Comprehensive Instrumental Analysis Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 303-311. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312006
10. [10]
  Xuyang Wang , Jiapei Zhang , Lirui Zhao , Xiaowen Xu , Guizheng Zou , Bin Zhang . Theoretical Study on the Structure and Stability of Copper-Ammonia Coordination Ions. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 384-389. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309065
11. [11]
  Keweiyang Zhang , Zihan Fan , Liyuan Xiao , Haitao Long , Jing Jing . Unveiling Crystal Field Theory: Preparation, Characterization, and Performance Assessment of Nickel Macrocyclic Complexes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 163-171. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310084
12. [12]
  Qiang Xu , Rong Zhang , Liyan Zhang , Jinxuan Liu , Shuo Wu , Rongwen Lv . Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education Construction in the Course of Practical Instrument Analysis Theory. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 132-136. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311018
13. [13]
  Yongqing Kuang , Jie Liu , Jianjun Feng , Wen Yang , Shuanglian Cai , Ling Shi . Experimental Design for the Two-Step Synthesis of Paracetamol from 4-Hydroxyacetophenone. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 331-337. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403012
14. [14]
  Geyang Song , Dong Xue , Gang Li . Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Anilines from Aryl Halides. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 321-329. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308030
15. [15]
  Zijian Zhao , Yanxin Shi , Shicheng Li , Wenhong Ruan , Fang Zhu , Jijun Jiang . A New Exploration of the Preparation of Polyacrylic Acid by Free Radical Polymerization Based on the Concept of Green Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 315-324. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311094
16. [16]
  Ping Song , Nan Zhang , Jie Wang , Rui Yan , Zhiqiang Wang , Yingxue Jin . Experimental Teaching Design on Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Study of Cu-Pyropheophorbide-a Methyl Ester. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 278-286. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310087
17. [17]
  Xiaofeng Zhu , Bingbing Xiao , Jiaxin Su , Shuai Wang , Qingran Zhang , Jun Wang . Transition Metal Oxides/Chalcogenides for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction into Hydrogen Peroxides. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407005-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407005
18. [18]
  Ping Cai , Yaxian Zhu , Tao Hu . Frontier Research and Basic Theory in the Classroom: an Introduction to the Inorganic Chemistry Teaching Case under the Chemistry “101 Plan”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 84-88. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408027
19. [19]
  Huan LI , Shengyan WANG , Long Zhang , Yue CAO , Xiaohan YANG , Ziliang WANG , Wenjuan ZHU , Wenlei ZHU , Yang ZHOU . Growth mechanisms and application potentials of magic-size clusters of groups Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1425-1441. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240088
20. [20]
  Yukun Chang , Haoqin Huang , Baolei Wang . Preparation of Trans-Cinnamic Acid via “One-Pot” Protocol of Aldol Condensation-Hydrolysis Reaction: Recommending an Improved Organic Synthesis Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 322-328. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309095

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(1051)
Abstract views(852)
HTML views(18)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142