Citation: LIU Nian-Ping, SHEN Jun, GUAN Da-Yong, LIU Dong, ZHOU Xiao-Wei, LI Ya-Jie. Effect of Carbon Aerogel Activation on Electrode Lithium Insertion Performance[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2013, 29(05): 966-972. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201302281 shu

Effect of Carbon Aerogel Activation on Electrode Lithium Insertion Performance

1.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, Institute of Physical Science and Engineering of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China

Received Date: 12 November 2012
Available Online: 28 February 2013
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(51072137, 50802064, 11074189) (51072137, 50802064, 11074189) 国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BAC62B02) (2009BAC62B02)上海科学技术委员会项目(11nm0501600)资助 (11nm0501600)

Carbon aerogels have received much recent attention as high-capacity insertion anodes for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Carbon aerogels were synthesized from resorcinol-formaldehyde with a sodium carbonate catalyst via a sol-gel process, ambient drying, carbonization, and activation. Gaseous CO₂-activated carbon aerogels combined the advantages of amorphous and nanoporous structures, with richer porous structures and more lithium insertion points than conventional carbon aerogels. Microporosity analysis indicated a high surface area, and the pore volume effectively retained lithium and its compounds. The mesoporosity allowed the mass transport of Li+ and conferred high ionic conductivity to the electrode. These improvements led to a higher lithium insertion capacity, and the activated carbon aerogel exhibited a specific surface area of 2032 m²·g^-1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an amorphous structure and nanoparticle network skeleton, respectively. Lithium insertion capacities of 3870 and 352 mAh·g^-1 were exhibited in the 1st and 50th galvanostatic discharge-charge (50 mA·g^-1) cycles, respectively. This corresponded to irreversible capacities of 658 and 333 mAh·g^-1, respectively. This work demonstrates the feasibility of CO₂ activation for improving lithium insertion performance in carbon aerogels, and provides preparation and optimization procedures for other porous electrode materials.
- Carbon aerogel,
- Sol-gel,
- Gas activation,
- Amorphous carbon,
- Lithium ion battery
1. [1]
  
  (1) Wild ose, G. G.; Leventis, H. C.; Simm, A. O.; Jones, J. H.;Compton, R. G. Chem. Commun. 2005, 3694.
2. [2]
  (2) Tamai, H.; Sumi, T.; Yasuda, H. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1996,177, 325.
3. [3]
  (3) ng, Q.;Wang, H.; Liao, X. Z.; Ma,W.; He, Y. S.; Ma, Z. F.Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2012, 28, 100. [龚强, 王红, 廖小珍, 麻微, 何雨石, 马紫峰. 物理化学学报, 2012, 28, 100.]doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201228100
4. [4]
  (4) Ikeda, S.; Ishino, S.; Harada, T.; Okamoto, N.; Sakata, T.; Mori,H.; Kuwabata, S.; Torimoto, T.; Matsumura, M. Angew. Chem.Int. Edit. 2006, 45, 7063.
5. [5]
  (5) Pekala, R.W. J. Mater. Sci. 1989, 24, 3221. doi: 10.1007/BF01139044
6. [6]
  (6) Kim, H. J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim,W. I.; Suh, D. J. Korean J. Chem.Eng. 2005, 22, 740. doi: 10.1007/BF02705792
7. [7]
  (7) Mayer, S. T.; Pekala, R.W.; Kaschmitter, J. L. J. Electrochem.Soc. 1993, 140, 446. doi: 10.1149/1.2221066
8. [8]
  (8) Lu, X.; Caps, R.; Fricke, J.; Alviso, C. T.; Pekala, R.W.J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1995, 188, 226. doi: 10.1016/0022-3093(95)00191-3
9. [9]
  (9) Probstle, H.; Schmitt, C.; Frick, J. J. Power Sources 2002, 105,189. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00938-7
10. [10]
  (10) Ping, L. N.; Zheng, J. M.; Shi, Z. Q.;Wang, C. Y. ActaPhys. -Chim. Sin. 2012, 28, 1733. [平丽娜, 郑嘉明, 时志强,王成扬. 物理化学学报, 2012, 28, 1733.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201205092
11. [11]
  (11) Le, D. B.; Passerini, S.; Guo, J.; Ressler, J.; Owens, B. B.;Smyrl,W. H. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 143, 2099. doi: 10.1149/1.1836965
12. [12]
  (12) Xu, K.; Shen, L. F.; Mi, C. H.; Zhang, X. G. Acta Phys. -Chim.Sin. 2012, 28, 105. [徐科, 申来法, 米常焕, 张校刚. 物理化学学报, 2012, 28, 105.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201228105
13. [13]
  (13) Gao,W. C.; Huang, T.; Shen, Y. D.; Yu, A. S. Acta Phys. -Chim.Sin. 2011, 27, 2129. [高文超, 黄桃, 沈宇栋, 余爱水. 物理化学学报, 2011, 27, 2129.] doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20110933
14. [14]
  (14) Slides, C. R.; Li, N. C.; Patrissi, C. J.; Scrosati, B.; Martin, C. R.MRS Bulletin 2002, 8, 604.
15. [15]
  (15) Zhang, D.W.; Zhao, Y. B.; odenough, J. B.; Lu, Y. H.; Chen,C. H.;Wang, L.; Liu, J.W. Electrochem. Commun. 2011, 13,125. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.11.031
16. [16]
  (16) Tanaike, O.; Aoike, S.; Ohno, H.; Hatori, H.; Yamada, Y.Materials Science and Engineering B 2008, 148, 237. doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2007.09.001
17. [17]
  (17) Skowronski, J. M.; Knofczynski, K. J. Power Sources 2009,194, 81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.04.048
18. [18]
  (18) Kunowsky, M.; Marco-Lozar, J. P.; Oya, A.; Linares-Solano, A.Carbon 2012, 50, 407.
19. [19]
  (19) Liu, H. Y.;Wang, K. P.; Teng, H. S. Carbon 2005, 43, 559. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.020
20. [20]
  (20) Liu, N. P.; Shen, J.; Liu, D. Microporous Mesoporous Mat.2013, 167, 176. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.09.009
21. [21]
  (21) Pekala, R.W.; Farmer, J. C.; Alviso, C. T.; Tram, T. D.; Mayer,S. T.; Miller, J. M.; Dunn, B. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1998, 225, 74.doi: 10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00011-8
22. [22]
  (22) Xu, J. J.; Yang, J. Electrochem. Commun. 2003, 5, 230. doi: 10.1016/S1388-2481(03)00024-9
23. [23]
  (23) Probstle, H.;Wiener, M.; Fricke, J. J. Porous Mater. 2003, 10,213. doi: 10.1023/B:JOPO.0000011381.74052.77
24. [24]
  (24) Wu, D. C.; Fu, R.W.; Zhang, S. T.; Dresselhaus, M. S.;Dresselhaus, G. Carbon 2004, 42, 2033. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.04.003
25. [25]
  (25) Wei, Y. Z.; Fang, B.; Iwasa, S.; Kumagai, M. J. Power Sources2005, 141, 386. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.10.001
26. [26]
  (26) Antonio, B.; Pico, F.; Rojo, J. M. J. Power Sources 2004, 133,329. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.013
27. [27]
  (27) Tarazona, P. Surf. Sci. 1995, 331, 989. doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00170-0
28. [28]
  (28) Sing, K. S.W.; Everett, D. H.; Haul, R. A.W.; Moscou, L.;Pierotti, R. A.; Rouquerol, J.; Siemieniewska, T. Pure Appl.Chem. 1985, 57, 603. doi: 10.1351/pac198557040603
29. [29]
  (29) Bonino, F.; Brutti, S.; Piana, M.; Natale, S.; Scrosati, B.;Gherghel, L.; Mullen, K. Electrochim. Acta 2006, 51, 3407. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.09.036
30. [30]
  (30) Giraudet, J.; Dubois, M.; Inacio, J.; Hamwi, A. Carbon 2003,41, 453. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00341-X
31. [31]
  (31) Besenhard, J. O.;Winter, M.; Yang, J.; Biberacher,W. J. PowerSources 1995, 54, 228. doi: 10.1016/0378-7753(94)02073-C
32. [32]
  (32) Aurbach, D.; Eineli, Y. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1995, 142, 1746.doi: 10.1149/1.2044188
33. [33]
  (33) Aurbach, D.; Markovsky, B.;Weissman, I.; Levi, E.; Ein-Eli, Y.Electrochim. Acta 1999, 45, 67. doi: 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00194-2
34. [34]
  (34) Zoo, G. F.; Zhang, D.W.; Dong, C.; Li, H.; Xiong, K.; Fei, L.F.; Qian, Y. T. Carbon 2006, 44, 2277.
35. [35]
  (35) Wu, G. T.;Wang, C. S.; Zhang, X. B.; Yang, H. S.; Qi, Z. F.; He,P. M.; Li,W. Z. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1999, 5, 1696.
36. [36]
  (36) Zhao, J.; Gao, Q. Y.; Gu, C.; Yang, Y. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002,358, 77. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00580-8
37. [37]
  (37) Yang, Z. H.;Wu, H. Q. Solid State Ionics 2001, 143, 173. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00852-9
38. [38]
  (38) Flandrois, S.; Simon, B. Carbon 1999, 37, 165. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00290-5
39. [39]
  (39) Lee, H. Y.; Baek, J. K.; Jang, S.W. J. Power Sources 2001, 101,206. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00671-1
1. [1]
  Yan'e LIU , Shengli JIA , Yifan JIANG , Qinghua ZHAO , Yi LI , Xinshu CHANG . MoO₃/cellulose derived carbon aerogel: Fabrication and performance as cathode for lithium-sulfur battery. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(8): 1565-1573. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250054
2. [2]
  Yifeng Xu , Jiquan Liu , Bin Cui , Yan Li , Gang Xie , Ying Yang . “Xiao Li’s School Adventures: The Working Principles and Safety Risks of Lithium-ion Batteries”. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 259-265. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404009
3. [3]
  Xintong Zhu , Bin Cao , Chong Yan , Cheng Tang , Aibing Chen , Qiang Zhang . Advances in coating strategies for graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(9): 100096-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100096
4. [4]
  Jingshuo Zhang , Yue Zhai , Ziyun Zhao , Jiaxing He , Wei Wei , Jing Xiao , Shichao Wu , Quan-Hong Yang . Research Progress of Functional Binders in Silicon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(6): 2306006-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306006
5. [5]
  Siyu Zhang , Kunhong Gu , Bing'an Lu , Junwei Han , Jiang Zhou . Hydrometallurgical Processes on Recycling of Spent Lithium-lon Battery Cathode: Advances and Applications in Sustainable Technologies. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2309028-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309028
6. [6]
  Qi Li , Pingan Li , Zetong Liu , Jiahui Zhang , Hao Zhang , Weilai Yu , Xianluo Hu . Fabricating Micro/Nanostructured Separators and Electrode Materials by Coaxial Electrospinning for Lithium-Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(10): 2311030-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311030
7. [7]
  Ying Li , Yushen Zhao , Kai Chen , Xu Liu , Tingfeng Yi , Li-Feng Chen . Rational Design of Cross-Linked N-Doped C-Sn Nanofibers as Free-Standing Electrodes towards High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2305007-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305007
8. [8]
  Aoyu Huang , Jun Xu , Yu Huang , Gui Chu , Mao Wang , Lili Wang , Yongqi Sun , Zhen Jiang , Xiaobo Zhu . Tailoring Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces via a Simple Slurry Additive for Stable High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(4): 2408007-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202408007
9. [9]
  Zixuan Zhao , Miao Fan . “Carbon” with No “Ester”: A Boundless Journey of CO₂ Transformation. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 213-217. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409040
10. [10]
  Ke Qiu , Fengmei Wang , Mochou Liao , Kerun Zhu , Jiawei Chen , Wei Zhang , Yongyao Xia , Xiaoli Dong , Fei Wang . A Fumed SiO₂-based Composite Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte for Near-Neutral Zinc-Air Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2304036-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304036
11. [11]
  Qingtang ZHANG , Xiaoyu WU , Zheng WANG , Xiaomei WANG . Performance of nano Li₂FeSiO₄/C cathode material co-doped by potassium and chlorine ions. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1689-1696. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240115
12. [12]
  Liangliang Song , Haoyan Liang , Shunqing Li , Bao Qiu , Zhaoping Liu . Challenges and strategies on high-manganese Li-rich layered oxide cathodes for ultrahigh-energy-density batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(8): 100085-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100085
13. [13]
  Zhaoxuan ZHU , Lixin WANG , Xiaoning TANG , Long LI , Yan SHI , Jiaojing SHAO . Application of poly(vinyl alcohol) conductive hydrogel electrolytes in zinc ion batteries. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 893-902. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240368
14. [14]
  Yuena Yang , Xufang Hu , Yushan Liu , Yaya Kuang , Jian Ling , Qiue Cao , Chuanhua Zhou . The Realm of Smart Hydrogels. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 172-183. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310125
15. [15]
  Jingyu Cai , Xiaoyu Miao , Yulai Zhao , Longqiang Xiao . Exploratory Teaching Experiment Design of FeOOH-RGO Aerogel for Photocatalytic Benzene to Phenol. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 169-177. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311028
16. [16]
  Xichen YAO , Shuxian WANG , Yun WANG , Cheng WANG , Chuang ZHANG . Oxygen reduction performance of self?supported Fe/N/C three-dimensional aerogel catalyst layers. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(7): 1387-1396. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240384
17. [17]
  Chaolin Mi , Yuying Qin , Xinli Huang , Yijie Luo , Zhiwei Zhang , Chengxiang Wang , Yuanchang Shi , Longwei Yin , Rutao Wang . Galvanic Replacement Synthesis of Graphene Coupled Amorphous Antimony Nanoparticles for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Capacitor. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(5): 2306011-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202306011
18. [18]
  Jiaxuan Zuo , Kun Zhang , Jing Wang , Xifei Li . Nucleation Regulation and Mechanism of Precursors for Nickel Cobalt Manganese-based Cathode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(1): 100009-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404042
19. [19]
  Xuechen Hu , Qiuying Xia , Fan Yue , Xinyi He , Zhenghao Mei , Jinshi Wang , Hui Xia , Xiaodong Huang . Electrochemical Characteristics of LiNbO₃ Anode Film and Its Applications in All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Battery. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(2): 2309046-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309046
20. [20]
  Feng Zheng , Ruxun Yuan , Xiaogang Wang . “Research-Oriented” Comprehensive Experimental Design in Polymer Chemistry: the Case of Polyimide Aerogels. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 210-218. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404027

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(700)
Abstract views(1171)
HTML views(50)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142