Home

Citation: SHAO Li-Min. Independent Equations in Chemical Equilibrium[J]. University Chemistry, ;2017, 32(11): 69-74. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201707008 shu

Independent Equations in Chemical Equilibrium

SHAO Li-Min

Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China

Mass balance equation (MBE), charge balance equation (CBE), and proton balance equation (PBE) are commonly used in computations of chemical equilibria. This paper presented a proof that CBE can be derived from MBE, so it is not an independent equation. Although CBE is not a necessary condition, it is more efficient than MBE in chemical equilibria involving acid and base. The higher efficiency of CBE in this regard was found to be a variety of H⁺ sources. The conclusions are consistent with practical computations that MBE is the primary equation in computations of complexation, redox and precipitation equilibrium, whereas CBE is the primary equation in those of acid-base equilibrium. PBE is neither an independent equation, and only applicable in acid-base equilibrium; its function is completely and more efficiently implemented by CBE. So it is unnecessary to keep PBE in the textbook of quantitative analytical chemistry. This research clarifies the independent equation in chemical equilibria, which not only increases computation efficiency, but also makes the theoretical framework concise and clear.
- Mass balance equation,
- Charge balance equation,
- Proton balance equation,
- Independent equation
1. [1]
2. [2]
3. [3]
4. [4]
5. [5]
6. [6]
1. [1]
  Limin Shao , Na Li . A Unified Equation Derived from the Charge Balance Equation for Constructing Acid-Base Titration Curve and Calculating Endpoint Error. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 365-373. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401086
2. [2]
  Xiaowu Zhang , Pai Liu , Qishen Huang , Shufeng Pang , Zhiming Gao , Yunhong Zhang . Acid-Base Dissociation Equilibrium in Multiphase System: Effect of Gas. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 387-394. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310021
3. [3]
  Lianghong Ye , Junqing Ni , Zhongyi Yan , Zhanming Zhang , Can Zhu , Mo Sun . Chemical Fuel-Driven Non-Equilibrium Color Change. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 349-354. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406109
4. [4]
  Chunfang Zhang , Yuehua Liu , Lin Yang , Wenhui Xu , Mingtao Run , Cuimiao Zhang . 醋酸电离平衡常数测定实验的改进. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(5): 131-140. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511002
5. [5]
  Yong Shu , Xing Chen , Sai Duan , Rongzhen Liao . How to Determine the Equilibrium Bond Distance of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules: A Case Study of H₂. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 386-393. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310102
6. [6]
  Minwei Xie . Integrating Ideological and Political Education into Inorganic Chemistry: a Case on “Weak Acid Dissociation Equilibrium” in Environmental Science and Engineering. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(11): 24-30. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412143
7. [7]
  Ling Li , Guocheng Wang . 知识图谱与AI助教在无机化学混合式教学中的初步探索——以“沉淀溶解平衡”的教学为例. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(6): 1-8. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407063
8. [8]
  Jiayin Hu , Yafei Guo , Long Li , Tianlong Deng . Teaching Innovation of Salt-Water System Phase Diagrams under the “Dual Carbon” Background: Introducing the Pressurized CO₂ Carbonization Phase Equilibria. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(11): 31-36. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412031
9. [9]
  Liangting Chen , Jianxun Fan , Jinhong Gao , Tianxin Zhang . Applications of diverse data processing software in physical chemistry experiments: a case study on determining acetic acid’s equilibrium constant via conductivity method. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(6): 457-466. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504002
10. [10]
  Li Zhou , Yulin Ma , Qiaohong Liu , Mei Yan , Yunchen Du . Design of physical chemistry experiment based on comprehensive ability training: a case study of “determination of liquid-phase reaction equilibrium constant”. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(7): 274-281. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505051
11. [11]
  Qingtao Niu , Xinyao Xu , Weiyue Yu , Shuxiang Meng , Zhiguo Lv , Manman Jin . Exploration and Practice of Science-Education Integration in Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Teaching for Chemical Engineering Majors: A Case of Chemical Engineering Physical Property Data Estimation and Chemical Reaction Equilibrium. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(10): 1-9. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412029
12. [12]
  YanYuan Jia , Rong Rong , Jie Liu , Jing Guo , GuoYu Jiang , Shuo Guo . Unity is Strength, and Independence Shines: A Science Popularization Experiment on AIE and ACQ Effects. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 349-358. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402035
13. [13]
  Guangming YIN , Huaiyao WANG , Jianhua ZHENG , Xinyue DONG , Jian LI , Yi'nan SUN , Yiming GAO , Bingbing WANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanorod materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1491-1500. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240086
14. [14]
  Lisen Sun , Yongmei Hao , Zhen Huang , Yongmei Liu . Experimental Teaching Design for Viscosity Measurement Serves the Optimization of Operating Conditions for Kitchen Waste Treatment Equipment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 52-56. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307063
15. [15]
  Jiahe Peng , Dongxiao Wen , Jizhou Jiang . Sustainable production of aviation fuel cycloalkanes from plastic waste under ambient-pressure conditions. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(9): 100341-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100341
16. [16]
  Wuxin Bai , Qianqian Zhou , Zhenjie Lu , Ye Song , Yongsheng Fu . Co-Ni Bimetallic Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Supported on Carbon Cloth as Free-Standing Electrode for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2305041-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305041
17. [17]
  Jianding LI , Junyang FENG , Huimin REN , Gang LI . Proton conductive properties of a Hf(Ⅳ)-based metal-organic framework built by 2,5-dibromophenyl-4,6-dicarboxylic acid. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1094-1100. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240464
18. [18]
  Xin Zhou , Yiting Huo , Songyu Yang , Bowen He , Xiaojing Wang , Zhen Wu , Jianjun Zhang . Understanding the effect of pH on protonated COF during photocatalytic H₂O₂ production by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(12): 100160-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100160
19. [19]
  Junyang FENG , Xiaoli HAN , Yongjie SONG , Gang LI . Proton conduction and fluorescence properties of an ionic hydrogen-bonded organic framework constructed from dibromophthalic acid. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2026, 42(4): 693-702. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250350
20. [20]
  Xiaogang Liu , Mengyu Chen , Yanyan Li , Xiantao Ma . Experimental Reform in Applied Chemistry for Cultivating Innovative Competence: A Case Study of Catalytic Hydrogen Production from Liquid Formaldehyde Reforming at Room Temperature. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(7): 300-307. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408007

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(7)
Abstract views(1130)
HTML views(110)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Address：Zhongguancun North First Street 2,100190 Beijing, PR China Tel: +86-010-82449177-888

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Return