Citation: Wan-Lu LI, Teng-Teng CHEN, Zhi-Yu JIAING, Lai-Sheng WANG, Jun LI. Recent Progresses in the Investigation of Rare-earth Boron Inverse Sandwich Clusters[J]. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, ;2020, 39(6): 1009-1018. doi: 10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2011-2891 shu

Recent Progresses in the Investigation of Rare-earth Boron Inverse Sandwich Clusters

Wan-Lu LI ^a ,
Teng-Teng CHEN ^b ,
Zhi-Yu JIAING ^a ,
Lai-Sheng WANG ^b,, ,
Jun LI ^{a, c,,}

a.
Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
b.
Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
c.
Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

Corresponding author: Lai-Sheng WANG, lai-sheng_wang@brown.edu Jun LI, junli@tsinghua.edu.cn
Received Date: 28 May 2020
Accepted Date: 1 June 2020

Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 91645203the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21433005the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21590792the experimental work done at Brown University was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation CHE-1763380The support of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis 2020B121201002

Figures(8)

While rare-earth borides represent a class of important materials in modern industries, there are few fundamental researches on their electronic structures and physicochemical properties. Recently, we have performed combined experimental and theoretical studies on rare-earth boron clusters and their cluster-assembled complexes, revealing a series of rare-earth inverse sandwich clusters with fascinating electronic structures and chemical bonding patterns. In this overview article, we summarize recent progresses in this area and provide a perspective view on the future development of rare-earth boride clusters. Understanding the electronic structures of these clusters helps to design materials of f-element (lanthanide and actinide) borides with critical physiochemical properties.
- rare-earth boron clusters,
- inverse sandwich cluster compounds,
- f-element boride,
- bonding of rare-earth compounds
1. [1]
  Tang, A. C.; Li, Q. S.; Liu, C. W.; Li, J. Symmetrical clusters of carbon and boron. Chem. Phy. Lett. 1993, 5-6, 465-469.
2. [2]
  Zhai, H. J.; Kiran, B.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Hydrocarbon analogues of boron clusters-planarity, aromaticity and antiaromaticity. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 827–833. doi: 10.1038/nmat1012
3. [3]
  Alexandrova, A. N.; Boldyrev, A. I.; Zhai, H. J.; Wang, L. S.; Steiner, E.; Fowler, P. W. Structure and bonding in B₆^- and B₆: planarity and antiaromaticity. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 9, 1359–1369.
4. [4]
  Li, W.; Hu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, X.; Chen, T.; Jian, T.; Wang, L.; Li, J. Recent progress on the investigations of boron clusters and boronbased materials(I): borophene. Sci. Sinica Chim. 2018, 2, 98–107.
5. [5]
  Li, W. L.; Chen, X.; Jian, T.; Chen, T. T.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. From planar boron clusters to borophenes and metalloborophenes. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2017, 1, 71. doi: 10.1038/s41570-017-0071
6. [6]
  Sergeeva, A. P.; Popov, I. A.; Piazza, Z. A.; Li, W. L.; Romanescu, C.; Wang, L. S.; Boldyrev, A. I. Understanding boron through size-selected clusters: structure, chemical bonding, and fluxionality. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 4, 1349–1358.
7. [7]
  Boldyrev, A. I.; Wang, L. S. Beyond organic chemistry: aromaticity in atomic clusters. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 17, 11589-11605.
8. [8]
  Wang, L. S. Photoelectron spectroscopy of size-selected boron clusters: from planar structures to borophenes and borospherenes. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2016, 1, 69–142.
9. [9]
  Bai, H.; Chen, T. T.; Chen, Q.; Zhao, X. Y.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Chen, W. J.; Li, W. L.; Cheung, L. F.; Bai, B.; Cavanagh, J.; Huang, W.; Li, S. D.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Planar B₄₁⁻ and B₄₂⁻ clusters with double-hexagonal vacancies. Nanoscale 2019, 48, 23286–23295.
10. [10]
  Chen, Q.; Chen, T. T.; Li, H. R.; Zhao, X. Y.; Chen, W. J.; Zhai, H. J.; Li, S. D.; Wang, L. S. B₃₁⁻ and B₃₂⁻: chiral quasi-planar boron clusters. Nanoscale 2019, 19, 9698–9704.
11. [11]
  Li, W. L.; Chen, Q.; Tian, W. J.; Bai, H.; Zhao, Y. F.; Hu, H. S.; Li, J.; Zhai, H. J.; Li, S. D.; Wang, L. S. The B₃₅ cluster with a double-hexagonal vacancy: a new and more flexible structural motif for borophene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 35, 12257–12260.
12. [12]
  Piazza, Z. A.; Hu, H. S.; Li, W. L.; Zhao, Y. F.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Planar hexagonal B₃₆ as a potential basis for extended single-atom layer boron sheets. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3113. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4113
13. [13]
  Mannix, A. J.; Zhou, X. F.; Kiraly, B.; Wood, J. D.; Alducin, D.; Myers, B. D.; Liu, X.; Fisher, B. L.; Santiago, U.; Guest, J. R.; Yacaman, M. J.; Ponce, A.; Oganov, A. R.; Hersam, M. C.; Guisinger, N. P. Synthesis of borophenes: Anisotropic, two-dimensional boron polymorphs. Science 2015, 6267, 1513–1516.
14. [14]
  Feng, B.; Zhang, J.; Zhong, Q.; Li, W.; Li, S.; Li, H.; Cheng, P.; Meng, S.; Chen, L.; Wu, K. Experimental realization of two-dimensional boron sheets. Nat. Chem. 2016, 6, 564–569.
15. [15]
  Zhai, H. J.; Zhao, Y. F.; Li, W. L.; Chen, Q.; Bai, H.; Hu, H. S.; Piazza, Z. A.; Tian, W. J.; Lu, H. G.; Wu, Y. B.; Mu, Y. W.; Wei, G. F.; Liu, Z. P.; Li, J.; Li, S. D.; Wang, L. S. Observation of an all-boron fullerene. Nat. Chem. 2014, 8, 727–731.
16. [16]
  Chen, Q.; Li, W. L.; Zhao, Y. F.; Zhang, S. Y.; Hu, H. S.; Bai, H.; Li, H. R.; Tian, W. J.; Lu, H. G.; Zhai, H. J.; Li, S. D.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Experimental and theoretical evidence of an axially chiral borospherene. ACS Nano. 2015, 1, 754–760.
17. [17]
  Jian, T.; Chen, X.; Li, S. D.; Boldyrev, A. I.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Probing the structures and bonding of size-selected boron and doped-boron clusters. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 13, 3550–3591.
18. [18]
  Zhai, H. J.; Wang, L. S.; Alexandrova, A. N.; Boldyrev, A. I. Electronic structure and chemical bonding of B₅⁻ and B₅ by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 17, 7917–7924.
19. [19]
  Alexandrova, A. N.; Boldyrev, A. I.; Zhai, H. J.; Wang, L. S.; Steiner, E.; Fowler, P. W. Structure and bonding in B₆⁻ and B₆: planarity and antiaromaticity. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 9, 1359–1369.
20. [20]
  Zhai, H. J.; Alexandrova, A. N.; Birch, K. A.; Boldyrev, A. I.; Wang, L. S. Hepta‐and octacoordinate boron in molecular wheels of eight‐and nine‐atom boron clusters: observation and confirmation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 48, 6004–6008.
21. [21]
  Li, W. L.; Zhao, Y. F.; Hu, H. S.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. [B₃₀]: a quasiplanar chiral boron cluster". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 5540–5545. doi: 10.1002/anie.201402488
22. [22]
  Zhai, H. J.; Wang, L. S.; Alexandrova, A. N.; Boldyrev, A. I.; Zakrzewski, V. G. Photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio study of B₃^- and B₄^- anions and their neutrals. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 44, 9319–9328.
23. [23]
  Alexandrova, A. N.; Boldyrev, A. I.; Zhai, H. J.; Wang, L. S. Electronic structure, isomerism, and chemical bonding in B₇⁻ and B₇. J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 16, 3509–3517.
24. [24]
  Dennington, R.; Keith, T.; Millam, J. GaussView, version 4.1; Semichem, Inc., Shawnee Mission, KS 2007.
25. [25]
  Chung, H. Y.; Weinberger, M. B.; Levine, J. B.; Kavner, A.; Yang, J. M.; Tolbert, S. H.; Kaner, R. B. Synthesis of ultra-incompressible superhard rhenium diboride at ambient pressure. Science 2007, 5823, 436–439.
26. [26]
  Carenco, S.; Portehault, D.; Boissière, C.; Mézailles, N.; Sanchez, C. Nanoscaled metal borides and phosphides: recent developments and perspectives. Chem. Rev. 2013, 10, 7981–8065.
27. [27]
  Sussardi, A.; Tanaka, T.; Khan, A. U.; Schlapbach, L.; Mori, T. Enhanced thermoelectric properties of samarium boride. J. Materiomics 2015, 3, 196–204.
28. [28]
  Scheifers, J. P.; Zhang, Y.; Fokwa, B. P. T. Boron: enabling exciting metal-rich structures and magnetic properties. Acc. Chem. Res. 2017, 9, 2317–2325.
29. [29]
  Akopov, G.; Yeung, M. T.; Kaner, R. B. Rediscovering the crystal chemistry of borides. Adv. Mater. 2017, 21, 1604506.
30. [30]
  Paderno, Y. B.; Pokrzywnicki, S.; Staliński, B. Magnetic properties of some rare earth hexaborides. Phys. Status Solidi b-Basic Res. 1967, 1, K73–K76.
31. [31]
  Geballe, T. H.; Matthias, B. T.; Andres, K.; Maita, J. P.; Cooper, A. S.; Corenzwit, E. Magnetic ordering in the rare-earth hexaborides. Science 1968, 3835, 1443–1444.
32. [32]
  Zhitomirsky, M. E.; Rice, T. M.; Anisimov, V. I. Ferromagnetism in the hexaborides. Nature 1999, 6759, 251–253.
33. [33]
  Mori, T. Thermoelectric and magnetic properties of rare earth borides: boron cluster and layered compounds. J. Solid State Chem. 2019, 70–82.
34. [34]
  Pyykkö, P. Dirac-Fock One-centre calculations part 8. The¹Σ states of ScH, YH, LaH, AcH, TmH, LuH and LrH. Physica Scripta 1979, 5-6, 647–651.
35. [35]
  Kaupp, M. The role of radial nodes of atomic orbitals for chemical bonding and the periodic table. J. Comput. Chem. 2007, 1, 320–325.
36. [36]
  Tang, Y.; Zhao, S.; Long, B.; Liu, J. C.; Li, J. On the nature of support effects of metal dioxides MO₂ (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Th) in single-atom gold catalysts: importance of quantum primogenic effect. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 31, 17514–17526.
37. [37]
  Lu, J. B.; Cantu, D. C.; Nguyen, M. T.; Li, J.; Glezakou, V. A.; Rousseau, R. Norm-conserving pseudopotentials and basis sets to explore lanthanide chemistry in complex environments. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 11, 5987–5997.
38. [38]
  Takao Mori: encyclopedia of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Online 2012, DOI: 10.1002/9781119951438.eibc2028.
39. [39]
  Chen, X.; Chen, T. T.; Li, W. L.; Lu, J. B.; Zhao, L. J.; Jian, T.; Hu, H. S.; Wang, L. S.; Li, J. Lanthanides with unusually low oxidation states in the PrB₃^- and PrB₄^- boride clusters. Inorg. Chem. 2019, 1, 411–418.
40. [40]
  Robinson, P. J.; Zhang, X.; McQueen, T.; Bowen, K. H.; Alexandrova, A. N. SmB₆ cluster anion: covalency involving f orbitals. J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 8, 1849–1854.
41. [41]
  Chen, T. T.; Li, W. L.; Jian, T.; Chen, X.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. PrB₇^-: a praseodymium-doped boron cluster with a Pr^Ⅱ center coordinated by a doubly aromatic planar η⁷-B₇^3- ligand. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 24, 6916–6920.
42. [42]
  Li, W. L.; Chen, T. T.; Xing, D. H.; Chen, X.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Observation of highly stable and symmetric lanthanide octa-boron inverse sandwich complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018, 30, E6972–E6977.
43. [43]
  Chen, T. T.; Li, W. L.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. [La(η^x-B_x)La]⁻ (x = 7~9): a new class of inverse sandwich complexes. Chem. Sci. 2019, 8, 2534–2542.
44. [44]
  Chen, T. T.; Li, W. L.; Chen, W. J.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. La₃B₁₄⁻: an inverse triple-decker lanthanide boron cluster. Chem. Commun. 2019, 54, 7864–7867.
45. [45]
  Duff, A. W.; Jonas, K.; Goddard, R.; Kraus, H. J. and Krueger, C. The first triple-decker sandwich with a bridging benzene ring. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 5479–5480.
46. [46]
  Schier, A.; Wallis, J. M.; Müller, G.; Schmidbaur, H. [C₆H₃(CH₃)₃][BiCl₃] and [C₆(CH₃)₆][BiCl₃]₂, arene complexes of bismuth with half-sandwich and "inverted" sandwich structures. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1986, 8, 757–759.
47. [47]
  Streitwieser, A.; Smith, K. A. Inverse sandwich compounds. J. Mol. Struct. Theochem. 1988, 259–265.
48. [48]
  Arliguie, T.; Lance, M.; Nierlich, M.; Vigner, J.; Ephritikhine, M. Inverse cycloheptatrienyl sandwich complexes. Crystal structure of [U(BH₄)₂(OC₄H₈)₅][(BH₄)₃U(μ-η⁷, η⁷-C₇H₇)U(BH₄)₃]. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 7, 847–848.
49. [49]
  Krieck, S.; Görls, H.; Yu, L.; Reiher, M.; Westerhausen, M. Stable "inverse" sandwich complex with unprecedented organocalcium(I): crystal structures of [(thf)₂Mg(Br)-C₆H₂-2, 4, 6-Ph₃] and [(thf)₃Ca{μ-C₆H₃-1, 3, 5-Ph₃}Ca(thf)₃]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 8, 2977–2985.
50. [50]
  Diaconescu, P. L.; Arnold, P. L.; Baker, T. A.; Mindiola, D. J.; Cummins, C. C. Arene-bridged diuranium complexes: inverted sandwiches supported by δ backbonding. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 25, 6108–6109.
51. [51]
  Li, J.; Liu, C. W.; Lu, J. X. Quantum chemical studies on the bonding characteristics of some M₃X₄ transition-metal halogenide clusters. J. Cluster Sci. 1994, 505–521.
52. [52]
  Li, J.; Liu, C. W.; Lu, J. X. Abinitio studies on the electronic-structures of certain 10-π-electron 6-membered ring compounds. J. Mol. Struct. Theochem. 1993, 2-3, 223–231.
53. [53]
  Zubarev, D. Y.; Boldyrev, A. I. Developing paradigms of chemical bonding: adaptive natural density partitioning. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2008, 34, 5207–5217.
54. [54]
  Li, W. L.; Chen, T. T.; Xing, D. H.; Chen, X.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Observation of highly stable and symmetric lanthanide octa-boron inverse sandwich complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018, 30, E6972–E6977.
55. [55]
  Li, W. L.; Ertural, C.; Bogdanovski, D.; Li, J.; Dronskowski, R. Chemical bonding of crystalline LnB₆ (Ln = LaLu) and its relationship with Ln₂B₈ gas-phase complexes. Inorg. Chem. 2018, 20, 12999–13008.
56. [56]
  Wyckoff, R. W. G. : The Structure of Crystals. Chemical Catalog Company 1924.
57. [57]
  Lu, J. X.; Zhuang, B. T. A unit conrstruction approach to the rational synthese of transition metal cabane-lake clusters by the use of reactive fragments as buioding blocks. Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 1989, 04, 233–248.
58. [58]
  Cao, C. S.; Hu, H. S.; Li, J.; Schwarz, W. H. E. Physical origin of chemical periodicities in the system of elements. Pure and Appl. Chem. 2019, 12, 1969–1999.
1. [1]
  Hongdao LI , Shengjian ZHANG , Hongmei DONG . Magnetic relaxation and luminescent behavior in nitronyl nitroxide-based annuluses of rare-earth ions. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(5): 972-978. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230411
2. [2]
  Jing Zhang , Lichao Ning , Yong Qiu , Minghui Ji , Shiyu Wang , Yuji Wang , Fei Wang , Xiaoming Feng , Shunxi Dong . Enantioselective intramolecular C–H alkylation of pyridine derivatives with alkene by rare-earth catalysts: Facile synthesis of chiral tetrahydro-1,5-naphthyridines. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 111442-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111442
3. [3]
  Haodong Wang , Xiaoxu Lai , Chi Chen , Pei Shi , Houzhao Wan , Hao Wang , Xingguang Chen , Dan Sun . Novel 2D bifunctional layered rare-earth hydroxides@GO catalyst as a functional interlayer for improved liquid-solid conversion of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108473-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108473
4. [4]
  Yanrui Liu , Paramaguru Ganesan , Peng Gao . Harnessing d-f transition rare earth complexes for single layer white organic light emitting diodes. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(9): 100369-100369. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100369
5. [5]
  Zhenyang Lin . A classification scheme for inorganic cluster compounds based on their electronic structures and bonding characteristics. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(5): 100254-100254. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100254
6. [6]
  Yicheng Li , Qian Liu , Tianhao Li , Hao Bi , Zhurui Shen . Recent achievements in rare earth modified metal oxides for environmental and energy applications: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110698-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110698
7. [7]
  Kunda Yao , Yue Shen , Chao Chen , Fengxiang Qin , Shuyan Song , Xiaochen Dong , Wei Liu . Physically and chemically crosslinked rare-earth-doped hydrogels with dual fluorescence/conductive sensing abilities. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 111531-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111531
8. [8]
  Ying Zhao , Yin-Hang Chai , Meng-Meng Zhai , Qin-Ying Jin , Xiaoyan Lu , Yi-Dan Qiao , Lu-Fang Ma . New functional metal–organic framework (MOF) based optical thermometer by the post-synthesis doping rare earth ions into MOF. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111085-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111085
9. [9]
  Huijian Zhao , Jie Song , Shuaifeng Li , Xianghao Kong , Conggang Li , Ning Ye , Zhanggui Hu . Design of rare earth borate short-wave UV nonlinear optical crystals with strengthened second harmonic generation activities via cationic modification strategy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 111011-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111011
10. [10]
  Shenhao QIU , Qingquan XIAO , Huazhu TANG , Quan XIE . First-principles study on electronic structure, optical and magnetic properties of rare earth elements X (X=Sc, Y, La, Ce, Eu) doped with two-dimensional GaSe. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2250-2258. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240104
11. [11]
  Dong-Sheng Deng , Su-Qin Tang , Yong-Tu Yuan , Ding-Xiong Xie , Zhi-Yuan Zhu , Yue-Mei Huang , Yun-Lin Liu . C-F insertion reaction sheds new light on the construction of fluorinated compounds. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109417-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109417
12. [12]
  Kai Zhou , Ao Sun , Yuchao Wang , Hang Dong , Chenkai Bai , Yidian Mo , Xuyang Ding , Xiangbao Meng , Zhongtang Li , Zhongjun Li . Semisynthesis of rare chondroitin sulfate B and T oligosaccharides. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110783-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110783
13. [13]
  Zhengzheng LIU , Pengyun ZHANG , Chengri WANG , Shengli HUANG , Guoyu YANG . Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of a sandwich-type {Co₆}-cluster-added germanotungstate. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1173-1179. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240039
14. [14]
  Dong Fang , Xiaofan Yang , Fengxin Gao , Chengliang Xiao . Straightforward and versatile construction of phenanthroline-derived diamide ligands for f-block element extraction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111252-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111252
15. [15]
  Wen-Bo Wei , Qi-Long Zhu . Electrosynthesis of hydroxylamine from earth-abundant small molecules. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(1): 100383-100383. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100383
16. [16]
  Fanyun Chen , Zhen Liu , Qingwei Wang , Qingshan Gao , Zhicheng Dong , Chen Tian , Liyuan Chai , Zhang Lin . Impact of Earth’s surface sulfur cycle caused by human industrial activities. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 112352-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112352
17. [17]
  Mei Peng , Wei-Min He . Photochemical synthesis and group transfer reactions of azoxy compounds. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109899-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109899
18. [18]
  Wei Sun , Anjing Liao , Li Lei , Xu Tang , Ya Wang , Jian Wu . Research progress on piperidine-containing compounds as agrochemicals. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109855-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109855
19. [19]
  Xinlong Han , Huiying Zeng , Chao-Jun Li . Trifluoromethylative homo-coupling of carbonyl compounds. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109817-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109817
20. [20]
  Zhi-Lin Wu , Rong-Nan Yi , Chunlin Zhuang . Electrochemical synthesis strategy for the development of antitumor selenoheterocyclic compounds. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(10): 111408-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111408

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(7)
Abstract views(2493)
HTML views(164)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142