Citation: Qi-yi Li, Ting Lei, Ze-fan Yao, Jie-yu Wang, Jian Pei. Multi-level Self-assembly of Conjugated Polymers[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, ;2019, 50(1): 1-12. doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2018.18223 shu

Multi-level Self-assembly of Conjugated Polymers

Qi-yi Li ¹ ,
Ting Lei ^2,, ,
Ze-fan Yao ¹ ,
Jie-yu Wang ¹ ,
Jian Pei ^1,,

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistryand Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering,Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871
2.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Corresponding author: Ting Lei, tinglei@pku.edu.cn Jian Pei, jianpei@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 17 October 2018
Revised Date: 13 November 2018
Available Online: 13 December 2018

Conjugated polymer materials have properties of light-weight, flexibility, good solution processability, performance tunability and low manufacturing cost. Therefore they hold great promise in various applications like light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, field effect transistors and sensors. Due to the weak intermolecular interactions between conjugated polymers, subtle chemical structure modification and fabrication process alteration will cause variation of molecule assembly behaviours at a broad range of length scale and change of device performance. Thus, complex and diverse multi-level self-assembly structures of conjugated polymers can be formed. This provides rational molecular design and future industrial application with theoretical basis and applicable design strategies. This also sheds light on understanding the " structure-function relationships” of conjugated polymer materials. For the first time, based on systematic comparison of similarity between multi-level self-assembly behaviours of conjugated polymers and proteins, this review proposes that the assemblies used in optoelectronic devices usually have quaternary structures as in proteins: the primary structure is the one-dimensional polymer chain connected by covalent bonding; the secondary structure is multiple polymer chain aggregates forming through interchain interactions like lamellar packing, π-π stacking and chain entanglement; the tertiary structure is the phase behaviour as crystalline and amorphous region with domain size and grain boundary; the quaternary structure is the phase segregation in multi-component mixture through interaction between different component and phase interfacial properties. Multi-level self-assembly behaviours are in concert with each other to functionalize conjugated polymer materials by light, electric, magnet and heat performances. This review summarizes recent progresses on studies of conjugated polymer multi-level self-assembly process, which provides us with a new prospect of better observing, understanding and guiding the conjugated polymer multi-level self-assembly process. And thereby the substantial relationship between chemical structure, fabrication processing, assembly behaviour and macroscopic physical process is established, and the optoelectronic properties of polymer materials is furthermore optimized.
- Conjugated polymer,
- Supramolecular chemistry,
- Solution-state self-assembly,
- Structure-function relationship
1. [1]
  Sanger F. Adv Protein Chem, 1952, 7: 1 − 67 doi: 10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60017-0
2. [2]
  Schellman J A, Schellman C G. Protein Science: A Publication of the Protein Society, 1997, 6(5): 1092 − 1100 doi: 10.1002/pro.v6:5
3. [3]
  Braden C, Tooze J. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York: Garland, 1999
4. [4]
  Grozema F C, van Duijnen P T, Berlin Y A, Ratner M A, Siebbeles L D. J Phys Chem B, 2002, 106(32): 7791 − 7795 doi: 10.1021/jp021114v
5. [5]
  Prins P, Grozema F, Schins J, Patil S, Scherf U, Siebbeles L. Phys Rev Lett, 2006, 96(14): 146601 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.146601
6. [6]
  Oberhofer H, Reuter K, Blumberger J. Chem Rev, 2017, 117(15): 10319 − 10357
7. [7]
  Lei T, Cao Y, Zhou X, Peng Y, Bian J, Pei J. Chem Mater, 2012, 24(10): 1762 − 1770 doi: 10.1021/cm300117x
8. [8]
  Lei T, Xia X, Wang J Y, Liu C J, Pei J. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136(5): 2135 − 2141 doi: 10.1021/ja412533d
9. [9]
  Zaumseil J, Sirringhaus H. Chem Rev, 2007, 107(4): 1296 − 1323 doi: 10.1021/cr0501543
10. [10]
  Usta H, Newman C, Chen Z H, Facchetti A. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(27): 3678 − 3684 doi: 10.1002/adma.v24.27
11. [11]
  Gao X K, Hu Y B. J Mater Chem C, 2014, 2(17): 3099 − 3117 doi: 10.1039/C3TC32046D
12. [12]
  Newman C R, Frisbie C D, da Silva D A, Bredas J L, Ewbank P C, Mann K R. Chem Mater, 2004, 16(23): 4436 − 445 doi: 10.1021/cm049391x
13. [13]
  Phan H, Ford M J, Lill A T, Wang M, Bazan G C, Nguyen T Q. Adv Funct Mater, 2017, 27(38): 1701358
14. [14]
  Ford M J, Wang M, Phan H, Nguyen T Q, Bazan G C. Adv Funct Mater, 2016, 26(25): 4472 − 4480 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201601294
15. [15]
  Tsao H N, Cho D M, Park I, Hansen M R, Mavrinskiy A, Yoon D Y, Graf R, Pisula W, Spiess H W, Mullen K. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133(8): 2605 − 2612 doi: 10.1021/ja108861q
16. [16]
  Coropceanu V, Cornil J, da Silva Filho D A, Olivier Y, Silbey R, Brédas J L. Chem Rev, 2007, 107(4): 926 − 952 doi: 10.1021/cr050140x
17. [17]
  Olivier Y, Niedzialek D, Lemaur V, Pisula W, Mullen K, Koldemir U, Reynolds J R, Lazzaroni R, Cornil J, Beljonne D. Adv Mater, 2014, 26(14): 2119 − 2136 doi: 10.1002/adma.v26.14
18. [18]
  Niedzialek D, Lemaur V, Dudenko D, Shu J, Hansen M R, Andreasen J W, Pisula W, Mullen K, Cornil J, Beljonne D. Adv Mater, 2013, 25(13): 1939 − 1947 doi: 10.1002/adma.v25.13
19. [19]
  Savage R C, Orgiu E, Mativetsky J M, Pisula W, Schnitzler T, Eversloh C L, Li C, Mullen K, Samori P. Nanoscale, 2012, 4(7): 2387 − 2393 doi: 10.1039/c2nr30088e
20. [20]
  Samori P, Fechtenkotter A, Jackel F, Bohme T, MüllenK, Rabe J P. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123(46): 11462 − 11467 doi: 10.1021/ja0111380
21. [21]
  Balakrishnan K, Datar A, Naddo T, Huang J L, Oitker R, Yen M, Zhao J C, Zang L. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128(22): 7390 − 7398 doi: 10.1021/ja061810z
22. [22]
  Lei T, Dou J H, Pei J. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(48): 6457 − 6461 doi: 10.1002/adma.v24.48
23. [23]
  Brinkmann M, Rannou P. Adv Funct Mater, 2007, 17(1): 101 − 108 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
24. [24]
  DeLongchamp D M, Kline R J, Jung Y, Germack D S, Lin E K, Moad A J, Richter L J, Toney M F, Heeney M, McCulloch I. ACS Nano, 2009, 3(4): 780 − 787 doi: 10.1021/nn800574f
25. [25]
  Whitehead K S, Grell M, Bradley D D C, InbasekaranM, Woo E P. Synth Met, 2000, 111: 181 − 185
26. [26]
  Banach M J, Friend R H, Sirringhaus H. Macromolecules, 2004, 37(16): 6079 − 6085 doi: 10.1021/ma035775h
27. [27]
  Tseng H R, Phan H, Luo C, Wang M, Perez L A, Patel S N, Ying L, Kramer E J, Nguyen T Q, Bazan G C, Heeger A J. Adv Mater, 2014, 26(19): 2993 − 2998 doi: 10.1002/adma.201305084
28. [28]
  Tseng H R, Ying L, Hsu B B Y, Perez L A, Takacs C J, Bazan G C, Heeger A J. Nano Lett, 2012, 12(12): 6353 − 6357 doi: 10.1021/nl303612z
29. [29]
  Li M M, An C B, Marszalek T, Baumgarten M, Yan H, Mullen K,Pisula W. Adv Mater, 2016, 28(42): 9430 − 9438 doi: 10.1002/adma.201602660
30. [30]
  Rivnay J, Toney M F, Zheng Y, Kauvar I V, Chen Z H, Wagner V, Facchetti A, Salleo A. Adv Mater, 2010, 22(39): 4359 − 4363 doi: 10.1002/adma.v22:39
31. [31]
  Zhang X R, Richter L J, DeLongchamp D M, Kline R J, Hammond M R, McCulloch I, Heeney M, Ashraf R S, Smith J N, Anthopoulos T D, Schroeder B, Geerts Y H, Fischer D A, Toney M F. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133(38): 15073 − 15084 doi: 10.1021/ja204515s
32. [32]
  Botiz I, Stingelin N. Materials, 2014, 7(3): 2273 − 2300 doi: 10.3390/ma7032273
33. [33]
  Chen L, Zhao K F, Cao X X, Liu J G, Yu X H, Han Y C. Polymer (United Kingdom), 2018, 149: 23 − 29
34. [34]
  Zheng Y Q, Yao Z F, Lei T, Dou J H, Yang C Y, Zou L, Meng X Y, Ma W,Wang J Y, Pei J. Adv Mater, 2017, 29(42): 1701072 doi: 10.1002/adma.201701072
35. [35]
  Wei S Y, Tian F S, Ge F, Wang X H, Zhang G B, Lu H B, Yin J, Wu Z, Qiu L. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(26): 22504 − 22512 doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b06458
36. [36]
  Noriega R, Rivnay J, Vandewal K, Koch F P V, Stingelin N, Smith P, Toney M F, Salleo A. Nat Mater, 2013, 12(11): 1038 − 1044 doi: 10.1038/nmat3722
37. [37]
  Zhang X R, Bronstein H, Kronemeijer A J, Smith J, Kim Y, Kline R J, Richter L J, Anthopoulos T D, Sirringhaus H, Song K, Heeney M, Zhang W M, McCulloch I, DeLongchamp D M. Nat Commun, 2013, (4): 2238
38. [38]
  Venkateshvaran D, Nikolka M, Sadhanala A, Lemaur V, Zelazny M, Kepa M, Hurhangee M, Kronemeijer A J, Pecunia V, Nasrallah I, Romanov I, Broch K, McCulloch I, Emin D, Olivier Y, Cornil J, Beljonne D, Sirringhaus H. Nature, 2014, 515(7527): 384 − 388 doi: 10.1038/nature13854
39. [39]
  Lei Y L, Deng P, Lin M, Zheng X L, Zhu F R, Ong Beng S. Adv Mater, 2016, 28(31): 6687 − 6694 doi: 10.1002/adma.201600580
40. [40]
  Mohammadi E, Zhao C K, Meng Y F, Qu G, Zhang F J, Zhao X K, Mei J G, Zuo J M, Shukla D, Diao Y. Nat Commun, 2017, (8): 16070
41. [41]
  Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen J C, Wudl F, Heeger A J. Science, 1995, 270(5243): 1789 − 1791 doi: 10.1126/science.270.5243.1789
42. [42]
  Li Y F. Acc Chem Res, 2012, 45(5): 723 − 733 doi: 10.1021/ar2002446
43. [43]
  Li G, Zhu R, Yang Y. Nat Photon, 2012, 6(3): 153 − 161 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.11
44. [44]
  Li Z K, Jiang K, Yang G F, Lai J Y L, Ma T X, Zhao J B, Ma W, Yan H. Nat Commun, 2016, (7): 13094
45. [45]
  Zhou N, Lin H, Lou S J, Yu X, Guo P J, Manley E F, Loser S, Hartnett P, Huang H, Wasielewski M R. Adv Energy Mater, 2014, 4(3): 1300785 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201300785
46. [46]
  Bauer N, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Ye L, Kim J H, Constantinou I, Yan L, So F, Ade H, Yan H. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5(10): 4886 − 4893 doi: 10.1039/C6TA10450A
47. [47]
  Perry E E, Chiu C Y, Moudgil K, Schlitz R A, Takacs C J, O'Hara K A, Labram J G, Glaudell A M, Sherman J B, Barlow S. Chem Mater, 2017, 29(22): 9742 − 9750 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03516
48. [48]
  Schlitz R A, Brunetti F G, Glaudell A M, Miller P L, Brady M A, Takacs C J, Hawker C J, Chabinyc M L. Adv Mater, 2014, 26(18): 2825 − 2830 doi: 10.1002/adma.v26.18
49. [49]
  Liu J, Qiu L, Portale G, Koopmans M, ten Brink G, Hummelen J C, Koster L J A. Adv Mater, 2017, 29(36): 1701641 doi: 10.1002/adma.201701641
50. [50]
  Qiu L, Liu J, Alessandri R, Qiu X K, Koopmans M, Havenith R W, Marrink S J, Chiechi R C, Koster L J A, Hummelen J C. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5(40): 21234 − 21241 doi: 10.1039/C7TA06609K
51. [51]
  Yang C Y, Jin W L, Wang J, Ding Y F, Nong S, Shi K, Lu Y, Dai Y Z, Zhuang F D, Lei T. Adv Mater, 2018, 49: 1802850
1. [1]
  Qi Wang , Yicong Gao , Feng Lu , Quli Fan . Preparation and Performance Characterization of the Second Near-Infrared Phototheranostic Probe: A New Design and Teaching Practice of Polymer Chemistry Comprehensive Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 342-349. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404141
2. [2]
  Cen Zhou , Biqiong Hong , Yiting Chen . Application of Electrochemical Techniques in Supramolecular Chemistry. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 308-317. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406086
3. [3]
  Haiying Jiang , Liuhong Song , Yangyang Cheng , Kefen Yue , Mingli Peng , Huilin Guo . Ph―C≡C―Cu_2.5的力致变色现象探究——推荐一个物理化学实验. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(8): 249-254. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410003
4. [4]
  Ling Zhang , Jing Kang . Turn Waste into Valuable: Preparation of High-Strength Water-Based Adhesives from Polymethylmethacrylate Wastes: a Comprehensive Chemical Experiments. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 221-226. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306075
5. [5]
  Jiarui Wu , Gengxin Wu , Yan Wang , Yingwei Yang . Crystal Engineering Based on Leaning Towerarenes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 58-62. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202304014
6. [6]
  Ruizhi Duan , Xiaomei Wang , Panwang Zhou , Yang Liu , Can Li . The role of hydroxyl species in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction over transition metal surfaces. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(9): 100111-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100111
7. [7]
  Xuejie Wang , Guoqing Cui , Congkai Wang , Yang Yang , Guiyuan Jiang , Chunming Xu . Research Progress on Carbon-based Catalysts for Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(5): 100044-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2024.100044
8. [8]
  Lei Feng , Ze-Min Zhu , Ying Yang , Zongbin He , Jiafeng Zou , Man-Bo Li , Yan Zhao , Zhikun Wu . Long-Pursued Structure of Au₂₃(S-Adm)₁₆ and the Unexpected Doping Effects. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(5): 2305029-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305029
9. [9]
  Laiying Zhang , Yinghuan Wu , Yazi Yu , Yecheng Xu , Haojie Zhang , Weitai Wu . Innovation and Practice of Polymer Chemistry Experiment Teaching for Non-Polymer Major Students of Chemistry: Taking the Synthesis, Solution Property, Optical Performance and Application of Thermo-Sensitive Polymers as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 213-220. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310126
10. [10]
  Pingping Zhu , Qiang Zhou , Yu Huang , Haiyang Yang , Pingsheng He , Shiyan Xiao . Design and Practice of Ideological and Political Cases in the Course of Polymer Physics Experiments: Molecular Weight Determination of Polymers by Dilute Solution Viscosity Method as an Example. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 94-99. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405170
11. [11]
  Ruonan Li , Shijie Liang , Yunhua Xu , Cuifen Zhang , Zheng Tang , Baiqiao Liu , Weiwei Li . Chlorine-Substituted Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Near-Infrared Absorption for Low Energy Loss Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(8): 2307037-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307037
12. [12]
  Wen-Bing Hu . Systematic Introduction of Polymer Chain Structures. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 15-19. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401014
13. [13]
  Yuhui Yang , Jintian Luo , Biao Zuo . A Teaching Approach to Polymer Surface and Interface in Undergraduate Polymer Physics Courses. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 126-130. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408056
14. [14]
  Xue-Peng Zhang , Yuchi Long , Yushu Pan , Jiding Wang , Baoyu Bai , Rui Ding . 定量构效关系方法学习探索：以钴卟啉活化氧气为例. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(8): 345-359. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410107
15. [15]
  Fan Yang , Yanhong Bai , Pin Gao , Xinhua Duan , Yunchuan Xie . Exploration and Practice of Teaching Reform in Polymer Chemistry Experiment Course. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(10): 63-71. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412013
16. [16]
  Yu Ding , Siming Li , Ying Chen , Yawei Li , Shaomin Shuang . Exploring the Integration of Ideological and Political Education in English-Taught Polymer Chemistry Courses. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(11): 160-166. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412091
17. [17]
  Kai Yang , Gehua Bi , Yong Zhang , Delin Jin , Ziwei Xu , Qian Wang , Lingbao Xing . Comprehensive Polymer Chemistry Experiment Design: Preparation and Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 206-212. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308045
18. [18]
  Lilong Gao , Yuhao Zhai , Dongdong Zhang , Linjun Huang , Kunyan Sui . Exploration of Thiol-Ene Click Polymerization in Polymer Chemistry Experiment Teaching. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 87-93. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405143
19. [19]
  Hao Hu , Chang Liu , Lin Guo , Hua Yuan , Linjun Huang . Application of Artificial Intelligence in Polymer Chemistry Teaching: Innovation, Practice and Implicit Challenges. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(9): 178-188. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503010
20. [20]
  Wenbing Hu , Jin Zhu . Flipped Classroom Approach in Teaching Professional English Reading and Writing to Polymer Graduates. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 128-131. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310015

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(491)
HTML views(18)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142