Citation: Tianyang Xue, Weilu Wang, Xingming Guo, Li Li, Feng Wu, Ji Qian, Renjie Chen. Unveiling temperature adaptability of fluorinated ethylene carbonate as electrolyte additives for cross-temperature Li metal batteries[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(12): 112535. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112535 shu

Unveiling temperature adaptability of fluorinated ethylene carbonate as electrolyte additives for cross-temperature Li metal batteries

Tianyang Xue ^a ,
Weilu Wang ^a ,
Xingming Guo ^a ,
Li Li ^{a, b, c, d} ,
Feng Wu ^{a, b, c, d} ,
Ji Qian ^{a, b, c, *,} ,
Renjie Chen ^{a, b, c, d, *,}

a.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
b.
Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage and Intelligent Safety, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ji’nan 250300, China
c.
Innovative Research Team in High-Safety Energy Storage System and Smart Microgrids of Guangdong Province, Beijing Institute of Technology (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519088, China
d.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, China

jiqian@bit.edu.cn

chenrj@bit.edu.cn

Received Date: 26 November 2025
Revised Date: 28 January 2026
Accepted Date: 23 February 2026
Available Online: 23 February 2026

Figures(4)

Fluorinated ethylene carbonate, e.g., the fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and di-fluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC), are widely used as electrolyte additives to regulate the SEI on lithium (Li) anodes, yet the superiority or inferiority of their performance, particularly under different temperatures, remains a subject of debate. Herein, we systematically examine the effects of FEC and DFEC on Li anode performance across the temperature range from -40 ℃ to 60 ℃. By evaluating Li plating/stripping CE, cycling stability, Li nucleation overpotential, and polarization voltage, we observe that FEC and DFEC exhibit temperature-dependent performance variations. Overall, the performance of DFEC is better under low temperatures, while FEC and DFEC each have their own advantages and disadvantages under normal temperatures (30 ℃), and both will experience performance degradation at high temperatures. Mechanistic studies reveal that this temperature dependence primarily stems from differences in the additives’ reaction kinetics on the surface of the Li anode, rather than the changes in Li⁺ solvation structure or diffusion behavior. The divergent performance originates from temperature-dependent decomposition pathways and distinct reduction products of FEC and DFEC. This study provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of electrolyte additives under varied operating temperatures and the design of wide-temperature-range electrolytes for Li metal batteries.
- Li metal batteries,
- Electrolyte additive,
- Temperature adaptability,
- Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC),
- Di-fluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC)
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