Citation: Haoyang Peng, Rumeng Ji, Zehui Liu, Yongjie Bai, Minjie Wang, Xiaodan Huang. Enhanced Na⁺ adsorption by S-N Co-doped porous carbon from sodium gallate toward high-performance dual-carbon sodium-ion hybrid capacitors[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(5): 112417. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112417 shu

Enhanced Na⁺ adsorption by S-N Co-doped porous carbon from sodium gallate toward high-performance dual-carbon sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

Haoyang Peng ^a ,
Rumeng Ji ^b ,
Zehui Liu ^b ,
Yongjie Bai ^b ,
Minjie Wang ^{b, c, *,} ,
Xiaodan Huang ^{d, e, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
b.
School of Chemistry and Environmental engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
c.
Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coatings for Advanced Equipment, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
d.
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
e.
College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia

minjiewang313@163.com

x.huang@uq.edu.au

xiaodan.huang@flinders.edu.au

Received Date: 20 December 2025
Revised Date: 14 January 2026
Accepted Date: 15 January 2026
Available Online: 16 January 2026

Figures(7)

Despite the enormous potential of heteroatom-doped carbon materials for sodium storage applications, direct doping strategies still face two critical unresolved challenges: Elucidating the modulation mechanism of heteroatom doping on the hybrid energy storage behavior of sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs), and maintaining structural integrity while achieving high sulfur-nitrogen (S, N) co-doping levels. Herein, we report a facile and controllable synthetic approach for preparing highly S, N co-doped porous carbon (denoted as SNGN-1), using sodium gallate, pre-synthesized via the neutralization reaction of gallic acid with sodium hydroxide, as the precursor. The as-fabricated SNGN-1 possesses a high nitrogen content of 4.02 at% and a sulfur content of 1.31 at%, coupled with abundant structural defects, a large specific surface area, superior electronic conductivity, exceptional sodium storage capability and robust cycling stability. Computational results demonstrate that the Na⁺ adsorption energy (E_ad) of SNGN-1 is -1.936 eV, corresponding to a substantial increase in the absolute value relative to its undoped counterpart; additionally, the incorporation of heteroatoms leads to a marked intensification of the valence and conduction band peaks near the Fermi level. When employed as the anode for sodium-ion half-cells, SNGN-1 delivers a high reversible capacity of 585 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and retains stable cycling performance even after 1000 cycles at 2 A/g. More impressively, the SIHC device assembled with SNGN-1 as the anode achieves remarkable energy/power density metrics, delivering a high energy density of 165.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 218.6 W/kg. These findings highlight the great potential of SNGN-1 as a high-performance anode material for advanced sodium-ion batteries and SIHCs, thereby paving the way for the development of next-generation low-cost energy storage systems.
- Gallic acid,
- Porous carbon,
- Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors,
- Sulfur and nitrogen co-doping,
- Adsorption energy
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Enhanced Na+ adsorption by S-N Co-doped porous carbon from sodium gallate toward high-performance dual-carbon sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Enhanced Na⁺ adsorption by S-N Co-doped porous carbon from sodium gallate toward high-performance dual-carbon sodium-ion hybrid capacitors