Citation: Jiaqin Jiang, Lingqi Shen, Fangxi Xu, Lipeng Liu, Jian Li, Qiao Xu, Zuguang Li, Hongdeng Qiu. Ultrasound assisted in-situ formation of switchable deep eutectic solvent for extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in water[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(9): 112412. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112412 shu

Ultrasound assisted in-situ formation of switchable deep eutectic solvent for extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls in water

Jiaqin Jiang ^{a, b, 1} ,
Lingqi Shen ^{a, 1} ,
Fangxi Xu ^c ,
Lipeng Liu ^d ,
Jian Li ^d ,
Qiao Xu ^d ,
Zuguang Li ^{a, *,} ,
Hongdeng Qiu ^{e, *,}

a.
College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
b.
Maxscend Microelectronices Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214140, China
c.
Zhejiang Taizhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Taizhou 318000, China
d.
Hangzhou EXPEC Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311305, China
e.
Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China

lzg@zjut.edu.cn

hdqiu@licp.cas.cn

Received Date: 8 July 2025
Revised Date: 16 November 2025
Accepted Date: 13 January 2026
Available Online: 13 January 2026

Figures(4)

A novel in-situ method for creating a CO₂-responsive switchable deep eutectic solvent (SDES) was developed for the homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) compounds from water samples. Following extraction, the compounds were separated and analyzed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Diethanolamine (DEA) was employed as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), while 3-methoxyphenol (3-MP) served as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The in-situ formed CO₂-responsive SDES was used as the extractant, representing a green alternative to traditional toxic organic reagents. Under ideal extraction conditions, a strong linear relationship was established over the concentration range of 0.1–100 ng/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were found to be between 0.001–0.040 ng/mL and 0.004–0.134 ng/mL. The preconcentration factors (PFs) varied from 49 to 76, while both intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) remained under 6.8%. Ultimately, the method proved successful in detecting 18 PCBs in environmental water samples, with satisfactory recovery rates. These results demonstrate that the method is not only green and sustainable, but also exhibits excellent methodological performance, rendering it highly promising for applications in the field of HLLME.
- Switchable deep eutectic solvent,
- Polychlorinated biphenyls,
- In-situ formation,
- CO₂-responsive,
- Homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction
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