Citation: Xing Han, Xinsheng Lu, Qi Lin. Design strategies and applications of multi-macrocyclic hosts for supramolecular functional materials[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(7): 112237. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112237 shu

Design strategies and applications of multi-macrocyclic hosts for supramolecular functional materials

Xing Han ^{a, b} ,
Xinsheng Lu ^{a, *,} ,
Qi Lin ^{b, *,}

a.
Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Gansu Normal University for Nationalities, Hezuo 747000, China
b.
Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

511010355@qq.com

linqi2004@126.com

Received Date: 29 September 2025
Revised Date: 29 November 2025
Accepted Date: 8 December 2025
Available Online: 9 December 2025

Figures(25)

Macrocyclic compounds play a fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry, demonstrating significant prospect in functional materials owing to their precise cavities and tunable molecular recognition and assembly capabilities. However, the only cavity of the mono-macrocyclic hosts limited the development of traditional mono-macrocycle-based supramolecular materials in assembly dimensionality, recognition selectivity, and synergistic performance. Therefore, multi-macrocyclic hosts attracted increasing attention due to their unique advantages originated from multi-cavity cooperativity, which include more abundant guest suitability, multiple-dimension assembly, precise collaborative effect, and so on. Based on these merits, introducing multi-macrocyclic hosts into supramolecular materials can efficiently improve and enrich the properties of these kinds of materials. This review summarizes recent innovative design and constructing strategies for multi-macrocyclic hosts, including covalent chain bridged, covalent fused, coordinated, and mechanically interlocked pathway. And their applications in recognition, luminescence, catalysis, biomedical and chiral materials are highlighted, while the advantages of multi-macrocycles in enhancing binding affinity, selectivity, and stimulus-responsive behavior are elucidated. Furthermore, we discuss future directions, such as novel multifunctional hosts design, optimization of assembly strategies, and interdisciplinary applications, providing theoretical insights and practical guidance for the development of multi-macrocycles-based high performance supramolecular materials.
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142