Citation: Zhe Li, Jun Luo, Li Yao, Yonghai Gan, Zheng Wang, Hongcen Zheng, Minhui Cai, Chengcheng Ding, Xiao Luo, Yibin Cui, Yang Zhou, Wenlei Zhu. Electro-chemical nitrate remediation at lower concentrations: Efforts toward practical environmental applications[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(7): 112141. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112141 shu

Electro-chemical nitrate remediation at lower concentrations: Efforts toward practical environmental applications

Zhe Li ^{a, 1} ,
Jun Luo ^{a, 1} ,
Li Yao ^c ,
Yonghai Gan ^a ,
Zheng Wang ^a ,
Hongcen Zheng ^a ,
Minhui Cai ^a ,
Chengcheng Ding ^a ,
Xiao Luo ^a ,
Yibin Cui ^{a, *,} ,
Yang Zhou ^{b, *,} ,
Wenlei Zhu ^{c, *,}

a.
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
b.
Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210046, China
c.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

cyb@nies.org

iamyangzhou@njupt.edu.cn

wenleizhu@nju.edu.cn

Received Date: 20 July 2025
Revised Date: 11 October 2025
Accepted Date: 20 November 2025
Available Online: 22 November 2025

Figures(9)

Nitrate contamination has prompted global concern due to its far-reaching effects on human health and the ecosystem. As an emerging technology, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNO₃RR) provides a promising approach for converting nitrate to valuable ammonia (NH₃) or harmless nitrogen gas (N₂). However, the conversion efficiency of eNO₃RR is still constrained by the mismatch between catalysts and the reaction microenvironment at lower nitrate concentrations (< 0.1 mol/L). In this review, we have systematically discussed the feasibility of electrochemical methods in treating low-concentration nitrate by summarizing recent advances and their reaction mechanisms. Meanwhile, the selection between NH₃ and N₂ pathways was evaluated based on the nitrate concentration range and safety considerations associated with each scenario. Finally, the dominant factors for applying eNO₃RR to real-world scenarios were also thoroughly discussed. We hope this review can provide comprehensive insights into the design of optimal catalysts and systems for treating low-concentration nitrates in practical scenarios, thereby promoting the environmental sustainability of electrocatalytic technologies.
- Nitrate reduction,
- Electrocatalysis,
- Low concentration of nitrate,
- Nitrate enrichment,
- Reactive atomic hydrogen,
- Ammonia recovery,
- Nitrogen gas
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142